editorial comment/note

When it comes to forensic experts, words such as "professional" and "meticulous" often appear in our minds.

Whether it is the "forensic doctor" who is often put on the screen or other "appraisers" who work hard behind the scenes, they all play an important role in judicial practice. These people use science and technology or expertise to identify and judge the specialized issues involved in litigation, and give the most objective appraisal opinions to bring fairness and justice to the people.

The Institute of Forensic Science and Technology of the Ministry of Justice is the "aircraft carrier" in the field of forensic expertise in China, where the most well-known and authoritative forensic and expert teams gather. In recent years, they have conducted judicial expertise on a large number of major, difficult, complex, sensitive and foreign-related cases, timely safeguarded national interests and citizens’ legitimate rights and interests, corrected a number of unjust, false and misjudged cases, and played an important role in resolving disputes and conflicts, maintaining social stability and ensuring judicial justice. On November 19th, the Ministry of Justice announced that the Institute of Forensic Science was officially renamed as the Institute of Forensic Science, and at the same time, the button of upgrading the whole forensic industry was pressed.

The reporter of "Legal Daily" used half a year to walk into the Institute of Forensic Medicine, face to face with the forensic doctors and experts here, and unveiled the mystery of this profession in the form of news documentary. Starting today, the Ministry of Justice’s WeChat WeChat official account launched the column of "Appraiser’s Narration" and published this series of reports.

Case review

In September 2009, a young woman in Hohhot was sent by the police to a women’s drug rehabilitation center for compulsory isolation and detoxification because of taking methamphetamine, and died 47 days later because of the rescue of ectopic pregnancy. According to the relevant biochemical indicators during the visit, it is inferred that under normal circumstances, the pregnancy time is about 30 days ago, that is, she is pregnant in the women’s drug rehabilitation center.

Drug rehabilitation centers, police, young women, pregnancy, sudden death … At that time, all kinds of speculations poured out, and family members suspected that she was raped and pregnant to death in drug rehabilitation centers, and the reeducation through labor bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and drug rehabilitation centers were pushed to the forefront. With the consent of family members, on March 20, 2010, the relevant appraisal was entrusted to the Institute for Identification.

After careful operation during dissection, the appraiser finally found the embryo tissue with the size of soybean in the fallopian tube. After fully considering the difference between normal intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy, it was preliminarily estimated that the embryo should be about 7 weeks, instead of 4-5 weeks calculated according to biochemical indicators. The appraiser also conducted a DNA test on the embryonic tissue, and the comparison confirmed that the biological father of the embryonic tissue was a social drug addict who had close contacts with young women.

The appraisal results restored the truth, calmed the storm of public opinion, and the reeducation-through-labor bureau and drug rehabilitation center resumed normal working order.

A leaky spoon uncovers the mystery of the death of drug-addicted girls

What the supervision and reform institutions fear most is the abnormal death of detainees. In September 2009, Xiaoyun (a pseudonym), a 19-year-old drug addict, died in a women’s drug rehabilitation center. A few days later, a post "Beautiful girl was raped and beaten to death in drug rehabilitation center" spread quickly on the Internet …

Zhang Jianhua, 41, is currently the deputy director of the Pathology Research Office of the Judicial Appraisal Institute of the Ministry of Justice, and an old forensic doctor with 17 years’ experience. When the reporter saw him, he was coming back from a business trip. Because of his rich experience and reputation, many difficult cases from all over the country will eventually find him here.

Zhang Jianhua told reporters that the biggest job feature of forensic pathologists in the Institute of Forensic Medicine is that they travel a lot, and they spend one third of their time on business trips every year; The second is the habit of "detail control". After receiving the case, they will always take pains to think and prepare all kinds of unexpected details.

Just like the "abnormal death case in drug addicts’ drug rehabilitation center", after receiving the case, the first thing Zhang Jianhua did was to buy the finest colander in the market, the colander used by ordinary people to filter soybean milk.

Why do autopsies use colander? The reporter was somewhat surprised.

"At that time, this case has formed a very serious social public opinion. Whether it is the leaders of the drug rehabilitation center and relevant competent departments, or the families of the deceased, there is an urgent need to find the truth. Our work can only succeed and not fail, so the preparations are particularly adequate." Zhang Jianhua said.

It is reported that after Xiaoyun’s death, the case-handling organ detected that her serum HCG (an indicator used to judge whether she was pregnant) index was high, which means Xiaoyun was pregnant. Then combined with other relevant evidence, the investigators preliminarily concluded that Xiaoyun’s death was caused by tubal rupture caused by ectopic pregnancy, which led to massive bleeding.

However, this preliminary conclusion makes the family even more excited: Xiaoyun is in a drug rehabilitation center and has no contact with men at all, so who made this beautiful girl pregnant? At that time, the family members pointed the finger at the only two or three male police officers in this drug rehabilitation center, and claimed 1.09 million yuan, and the public opinion was almost out of control …

"According to the numerical standard of HCG, Xiaoyun’s pregnancy is about 5 weeks, and her admission time is 47 days. According to this inference, the male policeman can’t escape suspicion. Therefore, the local political and legal organs are very anxious and want to find out the truth as soon as possible. " Zhang Jianhua said.

However, at that time, many appraisal institutions were unwilling to accept this case. Because of the great pressure of tubal rupture, the embryo is likely to be washed away. If the embryo cannot be found, it is impossible to accurately identify the length of pregnancy. In addition, the pressure of public opinion is so great that once it is not handled properly, the contradiction is likely to be transferred to the judicial expertise department.

Zhang Jianhua was well aware of the seriousness of the case, but he and two other colleagues formed an appraisal team to accept the case.

Although the cause of Xiao Yun’s death has been preliminarily inferred, what Zhang Jianhua and others need is an accurate conclusion, and they adopted the method of total dissection and exclusion.

Abdominal cavity, chest cavity, cranial cavity … Autopsy never misses a link, and after all other reasons, such as trauma, poisoning, drug abuse and disease, are excluded, the focus is locked on ectopic pregnancy.

"The’ leaky spoon’ is used in this link." Zhang Jianhua said, "At that time, we judged that the embryo was probably washed into the abdominal cavity, and there were four or five thousand milliliters of blood in the abdominal cavity, so we bought a colander to catch the embryo."

An embryo at the fifth week of pregnancy is only the size of a soybean. If it is washed to other parts of the body, it is like looking for a needle in a haystack. The "detail control" of pathological forensic doctors really deserves its reputation!

Fortunately, however, the embryo was found and the truth was close at hand.

Schematic diagram of embryonic development

"During this period, we also consulted and compared many literatures at home and abroad, and found that the HCG level of intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy is very different. In the case of ectopic pregnancy, it is not accurate to use HCG level to infer gestational age, and there is also a lack of theoretical support. In order to accurately judge the gestational age and fix the time of conception, this hope is pinned on this small embryo. " Zhang Jianhua said.

According to the size and other characteristics of the embryo, the forensic doctor finally accurately judged that the actual gestational age of the embryo should be more than 7 weeks, and the pregnancy time should be before admission. At this point, the cause of death of drug addicts was found out, and the grievances of several male policemen were also cleared.

Then, who will be the man who got the drug addict pregnant before entering the hospital?

"This requires DNA identification." Zhang Jianhua said, "Many forensic doctors often put an embryo in formalin after taking it out. However, I don’t know that although formalin has antiseptic effect, it will also destroy some substances in the tissue itself and affect DNA testing. "

Fortunately, Zhang Jianhua left a hand after taking out the embryo, and processed the embryo by freezing preservation, without destroying the integrity of the embryo, and successfully extracted the DNA from the embryo.

At the suggestion of the forensic doctor, the public security organs collected blood samples from all the male friends who came into contact with the deceased before his death, started a DNA comparison investigation, and finally locked in a man …

"Acupuncture Case" in Shandong Province

There are twists and turns, and there is a case in the case. In fact, in Zhang Jianhua’s career, there are not a few cases that solve the fog and restore the truth by looking for a needle in a haystack.

At the end of the interview, Zhang Jianhua told the reporter about another similar case-the case of "acupuncture death" in Shandong. The case was similar to the case of "the death of a drug-addicted girl". At that time, the detainee of a detention center in Shandong died in a certain place, and there was no wound on his body, which was not like death. Many media voiced this and thought that Yu was killed by the detention center.

Looking for the cause of death can also be described as looking for a needle in a haystack, but Zhang Jianhua finally found a very small eye of a needle in the heart of the deceased’s body surface, and along the eye of a needle, found a small hole at the apex of the deceased’s heart, with a deep wound that reached the heart.

Zhang Jianhua’s discovery found the direction to solve the case. The investigators found out that Yu had hidden a needle while doing needlework at ordinary times, and then committed suicide by stabbing his heart.

"Behind every case, there are so many eyes staring at the truth. We can’t be careless. We can only be cautious, cautious and careful. This is not only a respect for the deceased, but also a responsibility for legal fairness and justice."

In a couple of days, Zhang Jianhua may be out of business again …

Source: Legal Daily-Legal Network

CCTV News:On June 8, 2022, the national college entrance examination entered the second day. The college entrance examination in some provinces will end this afternoon, and the marking of the college entrance examination will be started. In some areas, the marking time of the college entrance examination will be announced.

This year, the end time of the college entrance examination varies from place to place. It is understood that there are 17 provinces in the country that use the national examination paper, and the examination time is mainly concentrated on the 7 th and 8 th. Guangxi, Anhui, Jilin and other places end all the examinations on the afternoon of the 8 th. Some candidates in Sichuan, Tibet and other places will have a language exam on the 9 th, and candidates in Jiangxi Province will have a technical exam on the 9 th.

This year, in addition to Shanghai, where the college entrance examination was postponed, 13 provinces implemented the new college entrance examination. The end time of the college entrance examination in these provinces is also different. Guangdong, Hebei and other places will all end the exam on the 9 th; Beijing, Tianjin and other places will end the exam on the 10th.

The college entrance examination results were announced in late June.

All localities will start marking papers after the college entrance examination, and the results of the college entrance examination are generally 15 days after the examination — It will come out in about 20 days. At present, some provinces have announced the query time of college entrance examination results this year. The results of college entrance examinations in Anhui and Shanxi are expected to be announced on June 24, and the results of college entrance examinations in Beijing and Guangdong will be announced around June 25.

1905 movie network news "As long as you break the law, I will do it myself!" Directed by Wu Bai, starring Wang Qianyuan and Bao Beier, starring Wang Xun, Yanhui Wang, Qu Jingjing, Zhou You and Han Yezhou, with a special performance by Liu Mintao and a friendship performance by Mei Ting, the crime action film will be released nationwide on January 11th, 2019.

A few days ago, the film exposed a set of "deserved to be beaten" version of the trailer. In the trailer, in the face of the increasingly arrogant evil forces, Wang Qianyuan played a small policeman who chose last stand to defend the legal bottom line to the death. In addition, hard-core fighting scenes such as car crashes, square melee and parking lot group battles also explained the meaning of "the most Japanese" movie.

　

The evil forces are lawless. Wang Qianyuan stepped forward to "face" the rich second generation

　

In the trailer of "deserved to be beaten", it fully shows the lawlessness of the evil forces and the difficulty of law enforcement by the small police. At the beginning of the notice, the police chief (Du Yuan) heckled Sun Dasheng (Wang Qianyuan), the evidence was covered up, the son was shaved, and the law enforcement was in a stalemate. On the other hand, the black and evil groups "solved everything with money", and Zhao Tai (Bao Beier) nightclub abused female stars, beat up car mechanics in the office, and threatened Chen Yongqiang’s son with words, which escalated the tyranny. Cui Jingmin (Wang Xun) appears in the police station, covering up the truth in an attempt to cover up the culprit behind the scenes.

　

However, law, order and fairness cannot be provoked. Sun Dasheng, a small policeman, resolutely embarked on the journey of challenging the "big man". In the second half of the trailer, there is a fierce confrontation between the small police and the big forces. The thrilling parking lot group battle, arrogant verbal threats and undisguised money bribes make the investigation process of this bizarre jumping case full of gunpowder. In the ultimate war, Sun Dasheng and Zhao Tai played hard in the downtown area and fought fiercely in the square, which was very impactful. While shocking the eyes, the audience deeply expected what kind of war between good and evil will be staged by the two, and whether the small police who stepped forward can successfully bring the evil forces to justice? Everything is wonderful and will be presented on January 11, 2019.

　

"deserved to be beaten" shouted out the audience’s voice. Hard training showed the most gas-free fighting.　

　

In the rich second generation Zhao Tai’s world, "whoever looks down on me, I will hit him". In his view, the mechanic who asks him for rent, the small policeman who works hard to enforce the law, and the dissatisfied female star deserve to be beaten. The image of being cruel and abnormal has made many viewers "gnash their teeth"; Sun Dasheng, a small policeman, was not afraid of power. He took drastic measures to solve the vicious thugs, pursued the fugitives, and stood up and vowed to win Zhao Tai. The public’s voice was only "challenging law enforcement and deserved to be beaten". The extreme realistic characters, Japanese story emotions, and two contrasting "deserved beatings" have raised the social significance of movies to a new height.

　

The contest between good and evil in the trailer is refreshing, and the shooting story behind the scenes is equally wonderful. In order to present the action scene of the policeman in the film, Wang Qianyuan conducted strict physical training, insisted on aerobic exercise every day, and insisted on practicing muscles even after filming a little at night, and even revealed the director’s requirement to really practice and fight, which made everyone feel scared every day, "afraid of hitting others and hurting themselves". Bao Beier, who has a large number of opponents with Wang Qianyuan, also needs high-intensity boxing training, in order to better present the vicious character. "After filming for a week, the head-on bones of both knees are all blue. Anyway, either someone kicks me or I kick someone."

　

It is reported that the film will be released nationwide on January 11, 2019. The perverted rich second generation is arrogant, and the veteran policeman is chasing after him. Provoking the law? Deserve to be beaten! The movie "The Big Man", "Someone is always standing up", was attacked by Japanese.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 21st (Reporter Fan Xi) The "two festivals" of the New Year and the Spring Festival are coming. Are you very concerned about what benefits the unit can offer? On the 21st, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions announced new regulations on the distribution of employee benefits: On holidays, grass-roots trade unions can distribute holiday condolences to all members.

　　According to the Measures for the Administration of the Income and Expenditure of Grass-roots Trade Union Funds issued by the ACFTU, comprehensive, detailed and specific provisions have been made on the use of trade union funds for employees’ expenses. Trade union funds can be used for the collective welfare expenditure of employees, including the sympathy expenditure of grass-roots trade unions on holidays and members’ birthdays, weddings and funerals, and retirement.

　　It should be noted that the annual festivals on holidays refer to the statutory holidays stipulated by the state (namely, New Year, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Labor Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day) and the ethnic festivals established with the approval of the people’s governments at or above the autonomous region. In principle, holiday condolences are articles that conform to China’s traditional holiday habits and necessities for workers and staff, and grass-roots trade unions can adopt convenient and flexible distribution methods in light of the actual situation. Trade union members’ birthday condolences can be distributed in kind, such as birthday cakes, or cake coupons from designated cake shops. Members can give a certain amount of condolences when they get married and have children. A certain amount of solatium can be given when a member of a trade union is hospitalized or dies. After retirement, you can issue a certain amount of souvenirs.

　　In addition, trade union funds can be used for subsidies for improving the quality of workers organized by grass-roots trade unions, awards for outstanding students in workers’ education and training, awards for winners of cultural and sports activities organized by grass-roots trade unions, subsidies for the treatment and rest of model workers and advanced workers, and expenses incurred in providing financial and material assistance to workers in need. Grass-roots trade unions can use membership dues to organize members to watch movies, cultural performances and sports competitions, carry out spring outing and autumn outing, and buy annual tickets for local parks for members.

　　However, it must be emphasized that grass-roots trade unions should strictly implement the following provisions in the expenditure of trade union funds: First, it is not allowed to use trade union funds to treat guests and give gifts. Two, are not allowed to violate the provisions of the use of trade union funds, bonuses, allowances and subsidies. Three, are not allowed to use trade union funds to engage in high consumption entertainment and fitness activities. Four, no administrative use of trade union accounts, illegal establishment of "small treasury". Five, it is not allowed to merge the trade union account into the administrative account of the unit, so that the trade union expenditure is out of control. Six, no interception, misappropriation of trade union funds. Seven, are not allowed to use trade union funds to participate in illegal fund-raising activities, or provide economic guarantee for illegal fund-raising activities. Eight, are not allowed to use trade union funds to reimburse expenses unrelated to trade union activities.

　　According to Wang Xiaofeng, spokesman of ACFTU, the current measures have been officially issued, and all provincial trade unions are working out specific implementation rules, refining expenditure scope, defining expenditure standards, determining examination and approval authority, and standardizing activities.

　　“… … On April 6, 2017, it was planted in Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park, returning to the embrace of nature, and the spirit will last forever! " Under the watch of more than 20 relatives and friends, Mr. Wang’s ashes were dumped into three 2-meter-deep holes by his family, and then filled with flowers and covered with soil. Relatives and friends mourned and prayed silently, and the whole funeral lasted less than half an hour. No monuments, no signs, no wreaths and incense, no painful background music, instead, surrounded by green trees, green grass, a quiet, occasionally heard a few birds singing.

　　This is a common scene in Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park in dharma drum mountain, New Taipei City.

　　Funeral is the last thing in life. In the past, people pursued grand funerals and luxurious cemeteries, thinking that this was the respect for the deceased. In recent years, Taiwan Province has challenged the custom, changed its concept, and vigorously promoted the environmental protection and natural burial such as tree burial, flower burial and sea burial, making it a common practice to return to nature.

　　Challenge the traditional funeral customs

　　Replace luxury with frugality

　　When you visit Taiwan Province, you can often see a cemetery dubbed "nightclub". Taiwan Province is a small place with a dense population. There were no special regulations in its early years. People usually chose burial, which led to chaotic tombs and even occupied fertile forests. In 1985, Taiwan Province established a long-term funeral policy focusing on cremation. Although cremation is not compulsory, the cremation rate is still increasing year by year under the policy propaganda. According to the figures of the Ministry of the Interior, in 1993, the cremation rate in Taiwan accounted for 45.87% of the dead population that year; By the end of 2015, this figure had reached 95.65%.

　　As far as customs are concerned, thick burial is as popular in Taiwan Province as in mainland China. The funeral ceremony is extravagant and extravagant, and death becomes a high consumption. An ordinary funeral costs about NT$ 200,000 (hereinafter all NT$), and some even cost millions. The funeral industry has also become a profiteering industry. "At that time, urns costing less than 2,000 yuan may cost 50,000 or 100,000 yuan." Zhang Guoxiong, Commissioner of Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park, recalled.

　　In the 1990s, in order to change social customs, the competent authorities in Taiwan Province vigorously promoted the "plan to improve funeral facilities and funerals". On the one hand, they subsidized the construction of parks, bone-collecting towers, funeral parlours, crematoriums and other facilities in various places, and advocated that ashes should enter the tower, that is, the urn after cremation should be stored in the spirit bone tower; On the other hand, advocating frugality for funeral.

　　In July, 1994, dharma drum mountain Cultural and Educational Foundation, a Buddhist group in Taiwan, and Taiwan’s "Ministry of the Interior" jointly organized a symposium on reflection and improvement of funeral ceremonies in Taiwan Province, and put forward ways to improve various unreasonable social phenomena. According to this idea, in August and December of that year, dharma drum mountain and the Taipei Municipal Government held two joint libations respectively. Zhang Guoxiong said, "The two joint libations can be said to be the first in Taiwan Province."

　　Shi Shuli, deputy director of the funeral management office in Taipei, said that the joint libation ceremony was generally composed of 10 deceased people and held a joint farewell ceremony. First, they held their own family sacrifices, and then government officials, representatives of public opinion or non-governmental organizations offered public sacrifices for the dead. The whole ceremony was solemn and grand. After the public sacrifice, we will have separate funerals. In order to encourage people to participate in the joint libation, the government raises funds through fundraising and other means to provide people with free services as much as possible. Not only is there no charge for the farewell ceremony, but also the freezing, makeup and cremation of the remains are free. Family members only need to bear the cost of memorial tablet, shroud, coffin and so on.

　　Mr. Chen’s father died five years ago. At that time, he consulted the funeral service, and the lowest price was more than 100,000 yuan. Someone recommended a joint drink offering to him, and finally finished the ceremony with less than 30,000 yuan. Mr. Chen said, "If we don’t pay attention to the gorgeous auditorium layout like our family and have no money, we can consider this way." He believes that "after all, manners and customs are only for the living, and they are of no help to the dead."

　　Nowadays, all counties and cities in Taiwan are promoting joint libation, which has gradually become the norm. Taipei has increased from once a month to more than a dozen times a month. According to the figures released by the Taipei Funeral Management Office, in 2016, 1,324 people chose to jointly offer sacrifices. However, limited by people’s feelings, the joint libation in nanbu county City, Taiwan Province is still dominated by poor families.

　　Celebrity demonstration drives the trend

　　From entering the tower to entering the sea and burying.

　　At present, people in Taiwan Province have generally accepted the concept of ashes entering the tower. There are spiritual bone pagodas in cemeteries and some temples all over Taiwan Province, and there are also private land purchases to build family spiritual bone pagodas.

　　Four years ago, Ms. Wang’s mother died. After careful selection, she placed her mother’s ashes in the Linggu Tower of Huguo Temple in Taipei. She was pleased to say that the traffic here is convenient, it is easy to pay homage, it costs more than 90 thousand yuan, and the price is acceptable. "Such a tower is hard to find now." Some people rationally realize that entering the tower is not a long-term solution. Zhang Guoxiong said, "Your descendants remember you, but after three generations and 50 years, no one may remember you. Who will you leave it to after 100 years?"

　　In 2002, Taiwan Province authorities began to promote environmental protection natural burial, including tree burial, flower burial and sea burial. In addition to conceptual propaganda, the government subsidizes the construction of funeral facilities and encourages the construction of environmental protection parks. At present, there are 29 tree burial parks and 2 planting parks in Taiwan Province. The environment of tree burial and flower burial parks is very beautiful. The tree burial area of Yong ‘aiyuan in Fude Cemetery in Taipei is green with pine and cypress and lush green grass. In the flower burial area of Zhenshan Garden in Yangming Mountain, trees such as cherry blossoms, tassels and Podocarpus are planted, as well as shrubs such as rhododendron, camellia and osmanthus, which are like a big garden. Tree burial and flower burial must be located in the cemetery, and the planting park is located in the ordinary forest park.

　　However, it will take a long time for people to accept the ashes if they are scattered in the sea or in the soil, without erecting a monument or leaving a name. Taiwan Province’s experience is that celebrities demonstrate and drive the trend. In 2001, the "Ministry of Interior" held the first signing activity of a letter of intent to purify funeral rites and customs at a seminar on funeral reform, hoping that the social elite would take the lead, transcend the taboo of death and bravely say what they wanted.

　　In 2004, Dr. Li, the father of the famous director Ang Lee, died of illness. After the farewell ceremony, Ang Lee went to sea and held a sea burial according to his father’s wishes. Ang Lee told everyone that his father told us before his death to scatter the ashes in the sea, so as to fulfill his wish to look at his hometown in mainland China and protect Tainan. He said: "The sea is beautiful, the water is clear, and all this is beautiful. My father walked very clean, and I stopped crying. " In 2005, Manfei Lo, a dancer from Taiwan Province, passed away. Before her death, she also publicly stated that she would finish the funeral in the simplest and cleanest way. Finally, her body was cremated and scattered under the pine tree next to her father’s grave.

　　Around 2007, many environmental protection natural burial areas were built in various parts of Taiwan Province. In 2007, dharma drum mountain donated a hillside of more than 400 ping to the government of Taipei County (now New Taipei City) to set up Jinshan Environmental Life Park for the planting of ashes — — Tree burial is located in the cemetery, and planting is scattered into the forest garden. Zhang Guoxiong introduced that the first person to plant in the Life Park was the old man Dong Chu, the master of Master Sheng Yan, the founder of dharma drum mountain.

　　In February 2009, Master Sheng Yan passed away. He left a will: "No obituaries, no tombs, no towers, no monuments, no statues … …” According to his last wish, the ashes were also planted in Jinshan Park. At that time, 30,000 believers from all walks of life went up the mountain to watch the ceremony, and many of them were chartered from the south-central region. The major media widely reported that "at that time, the concept of planting was widely spread and gained more recognition." Zhang Guoxiong said, "The planting is simple, clean and economical, which is not only recognized by dharma drum mountain disciples and citizens of New Taipei, but also chosen by foreigners, Christians and even Muslims to plant in this grassland." Jinshan environmental protection life park was once so tight that it needed to be registered six months in advance, and New Taipei City built another planting park for this purpose.

　　My funeral is my call.

　　Let life return to the natural land

　　At the same time, the local government in Taiwan Province has also introduced many encouraging policies for environmental protection and natural burial. Most environmental natural burials are free, and some areas will charge a small amount of fees ranging from 2,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan. Not only that, Shi Shuli said that if Taipei residents move out of the Guling Tower and re-elect for environmental protection and natural burial, they will get economic rewards. For example, moving into Fude Cemetery for tree burial will reward 10,000 yuan; If you move into Yangmingshan Flower Burial Park, you will be rewarded with 20,000 yuan. Last year, nearly 60 people who had entered the tower were changed to environmental burial.

　　More and more people choose environmental protection and natural burial. At first, there was one sea burial jointly organized by Taipei, New Taipei and Taoyuan, which increased to four in 2013 and nine in 2016. According to the statistics of Taiwan’s "Ministry of the Interior", the number of people who chose environmental protection natural burial increased from 225 in 2004 to 9,136 in 2015, accounting for 5.58% of the dead population in that year.

　　The experience of tree burial is getting richer and richer. Zhang Guoxiong introduced that at first, the ashes were put in soluble corn cans. Later, it was found that even the corn cans did not melt for three years, so it was changed to cotton paper bags. It was also found that although the cotton paper bags could melt for half a year, the ashes were caked and difficult to integrate into the soil. Therefore, Jinshan Environmental Life Park is currently directly scattering ashes into the soil.

　　However, after all, this is a battle of ideas. Compared with the extravagance of funeral that only touches the custom level, the funeral way challenges people’s cognition of death. Relatively speaking, the metropolitan area is highly accepted, such as Taipei. According to Shi Shuli, in 2016, people who chose environmental protection and natural burial accounted for nearly 16% of the deaths in that year. The south and the countryside are not so mature.

　　Even if the deceased agrees with tree burial and flower burial, the family may not accept it. Is it disrespectful to relatives because there is no tombstone, no meeting and no tribute? A netizen named Chris admitted that Dad had mentioned that he wanted to be buried in a tree, but neither he nor his mother were sure. Finally, he threw a cup in front of the coffin, denied the tree burial, or chose to let Dad enter the spirit bone tower. In order to avoid this situation, the relevant departments in Taiwan Province specially amended the law in 2002, allowing the environmental protection natural burial in the form of a will or a letter of will, and the family members should respect the choice of the deceased. In fact, the choice of environmental protection natural burial is conducive to environmental sustainability, that is, to make the deceased get the best arrangement. As Master Sheng Yan said, "The process of life, like flowers blooming and falling, is a natural change. When we choose to return to the natural land in the last stage of life, it is to make life complete and extend indefinitely. "

On February 24, the reporter learned from the special class of migrant workers’ service in the province that the provinces that have signed the Memorandum of Cooperation on Promoting the Safe and Orderly Return of Migrant Workers to their Posts and reached a consensus on labor cooperation with our province are based on the previous Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces, and then Yunnan and Chongqing provinces (cities) are added.

According to reports, during the epidemic, our province will strengthen close cooperation with Guangdong, Zhejiang, Chongqing and Yunnan. On the one hand, we will realize the timely and safe return of migrant workers in Sichuan Province as soon as possible. On the other hand, we will jointly agree on relevant epidemic prevention and control measures and strengthen the management of migrant workers to prevent the spread of the epidemic caused by the flow of people.

Specifically, our province is responsible for sorting out and summarizing the number, travel time, job destination and employment industry of people who are willing to return to work in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Chongqing and Yunnan provinces (cities), giving priority to organizing people in epidemic-free or low-risk areas, as well as old employees of enterprises and counterparts to help file and set up cards, and gradually expanding the docking scope according to the epidemic prevention and control work and the resumption of work of enterprises. Release and push the enterprise employment information provided by the above four provinces (cities), and do a good job of connecting with the employment enterprises in job requirements, employment time, salary and treatment.

At the same time, our province is responsible for providing pre-job health services for those who have returned to work, issuing relevant health certificates to those who meet the requirements, and guiding migrant workers to make health declarations according to the requirements of the provinces (cities) where they have returned to work. Our province also agrees with the health codes provided by the personnel returning to Sichuan from the above four provinces (cities).

The reporter learned that in addition to the above four provinces (cities), our province has recently conducted labor cooperation docking with eight provinces including Fujian, Jiangsu, Beijing, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu and Guizhou, and is ready to sign a memorandum of labor cooperation to fully open up the input and output channels for migrant workers to return to work.(Reporter   Liu Chunhua)

On the day of 618, the number of participating users exceeded 700 million, which greatly promoted the consumption fever. This year, various e-commerce apps changed the promotion rhythm and overweight concessions, and the head brand joint platform put advertisements to grab user traffic. What was the effect from creating momentum to transformation?

Uncertainty and competition have intensified, and each platform has achieved growth through the change of marketing rhythm and the shortcomings of power categories.

1. The consumer market has bottomed out, and the e-commerce platform and merchants jointly seize certain opportunities.　

1.1 Affected by both macro-economy and epidemic situation, the consumer market bottomed out before the "618" promotion.　

With the unsealing of key cities in May and June, the consumer market is expected to usher in a recovery, and the 618 major promotion nodes provide a good opportunity for brands to drive sales.　

1.2 Policy standardizes the development of platform economy, and head players increase subsidies to merchants and consumers, aiming at grasping certain growth in the context of intensified competition.

2. The competition among users between platforms is deepening, and the conversion efficiency of two waves of traffic is different.　

2.1 The scale of large-scale users of mobile shopping continued to grow in the big promotion period. With the intensification of competition, the scale of industry users was more explosive at important nodes.　

According to QuestMobile data, the number of active users in the mobile shopping APP industry reached 730 million on June 18, 2022, up 15.0% year-on-year.

2.2 Each platform is still the focus of the marketing cycle, and it is promoted by actions such as inviting investment in advance and paying in advance.

Integrated e-commerce continues to struggle in the three-stage marketing, and the live e-commerce platform creates a specific outbreak period for the key categories of the platform to achieve the continuous outbreak of category business.　

2.3 In the past three years, the popularity of user participation in the head e-commerce platform has continued to heat up. The final payment period of Taobao has brought the peak of user scale ahead of schedule, and the fluctuation rhythm of users in JD.COM is the same as in previous years.　

According to QuestMobile data, the user scale of the head integrated e-commerce platform reached the peak on June 18th in 2022 during the "618" period, and the user scale in JD.COM increased the most on the day of the 618 carnival compared with the end of May 31st.

2.4 There was a cluster of promotional periods between platforms, and users of Amoy and JD.COM experienced traffic explosion on the first payment day. There was no concept of payment time in Pinduoduo, and the peak of user scale appeared two high points in the morning.

2.5 The water storage characteristics of people in front of important nodes are obvious, which helps the brand to realize efficient transformation.　

As the high point of the first wave of traffic, the payment efficiency of users has been significantly improved compared with normal days. With the help of platform marketing tools, the brand’s lock on potential users, users’ purchase of goods and the cooperation of marketing activities are more accurate, so it has also achieved a secondary improvement in the payment efficiency of the day.

2.6 On the first payment day, users’ cross-platform comparison and ordering behavior became more obvious, and the competition for users by platforms intensified.

3. Each platform takes great opportunities to attract a wider range of users.　

3.1 Under the background of high penetration of mobile e-commerce, Tmall and JD.COM’s newly installed users grew rapidly during the pre-sale period.

3.2 Under the stock market, the head players can cover the user groups more comprehensively with the help of big promotion marketing.

Both ends of the platform exert their strength to awaken users and empower businesses, and brands compete for traffic by rushing to market.

1. The "flow" of comprehensive e-commerce operation has changed to "reserved quantity", and the e-commerce crowd has been broadcast live in a refined way to undertake the realization of flow.

1.1 618 as a super marketing IP, the marketing links are deeply involved by many parties, the media and content positions set up to create a shopping atmosphere and guide traffic, and the marketing pattern of business positions is solid.　

1.2 Integrated e-commerce platform focuses on full-link, multi-node marketing actions to guide users’ full-cycle traffic.

With the advantage of traffic, the live e-commerce platform mainly focuses on the intra-domain content and traffic distribution mechanism, and leads to live transactions through user content consumption patterns.　

1.3 In addition to traffic and marketing subsidies, each platform relies on the marketing science platform and uses differentiated marketing resources to empower businesses.　

By upgrading the marketing platform, integrated e-commerce can promote the business of people and goods yard. In addition to creating high-quality short video/live content IP, live e-commerce provides businesses with refined operational capabilities for brand groups and marketing resources.

2. The enthusiasm of brand joint advertising is not diminished, and the rhythm is pre-emptive to compete for the first wave of traffic.

2.1 The cooperation between brands and channels has deepened, and at the same time, more brands have tried to improve their marketing effects through joint exposure through big promotion.　

2.2 The focus of joint launch is inclined to the drainage period, and e-commerce is coordinated to drain the key marketing nodes.　

2.3 The brand maintains cooperation with other channels on the basis of joint e-commerce, but the attempt of multi-platform cooperation is weakening.

Great promotion stimulates consumption and drives the marketing market to be hot.

1. Advertising is an effective marketing tool during the promotion period.　

1.1 On the whole, 618 material advertisements were placed around the payment date, and the center of gravity was tilted to 6.18.

1.2 During the promotion period, media resources are scarce, and social and video attribute media are more likely to concentrate the resources invested by brand owners and reach users’ attention in combination.

1.3 Typical consumer goods industries adopt multi-peak and high-point advertising.

During the promotion period, a variety of media types were laid out, among which the beauty care and household appliances industries preferred social media.

2. New categories and big items are the main targets of brand owners.　

2.1 The overall beauty industry is fierce, and brand players participate more; The categories of home scenes such as household appliances and computer office are relatively prominent.

2.2 Taking the beauty industry as an example, facial skin care products account for 90% of the investment resources; Head advertisers in the beauty industry are still dominated by internationally renowned brands.

2.3 Domestic brands are more inclined to focus on explosive products, and beauty products reach accurate segmentation through functional features.

2.4 Personal care products advertising focused on shampoo and hair care products.

2.5 Take the household appliance industry as an example. Most household appliances focus on refrigerators and air conditioners, while household appliances and small household appliances mainly focus on new types of household appliances.

Among household appliances and small household appliances, new brands are also relatively active.

3. The topic of manufacturing content of e-commerce platform is preheated, and the volume of popular categories is increased.

3.1 The platform side strengthens the link between consumers and brands through marketing activities, and improves the efficiency of "people-goods" matching.　

During the warm-up period of each platform, the sound volume is increased through topic hot search, so that brands can release new products or main explosive products.

4. Live e-commerce is normalized, and traffic is concentrated on brand sales.

4.1 During the promotion period, the live broadcast of goods continued to be hot, and the live broadcast room still served as a key sales conversion contact.

The marketing node of the live broadcast e-commerce platform moved forward, and the platform activities were further enriched. By creating various theme days and task competitions, the drainage and transformation of the live broadcast room were helped.　

There are many kinds of goods in the live broadcast room. QuestMobile data shows that during the period of June 18, 2022, the TOP3 sales of platform categories in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker were skin care, leisure snacks and make-up.

4.2 During the promotion of Oriental Selection, "accident" broke out, and Lao Yu took over Lao Luo, driving a new round of live e-commerce to move towards scene marketing.　

As a phenomenal live broadcast room, Oriental Selection drives more mature consumers to participate in live e-commerce through scene-based live broadcast, and enhances the cultural level of live broadcast rooms with goods while expanding the crowd.

5, brand heat index map

　　As the G20 Hangzhou Summit approaches, rumors in the society, especially on the Internet, begin to spread. Zhejiang province, municipal public security and other departments responded to this rumor.

　　one

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　There is a post circulating on the Internet, "Expressway No.1-5 can only get out."

　　In order to ensure the G20 Hangzhou Summit to be held safely and smoothly, the public security organs will take traffic control measures in due course, but "high-speed only can’t get in" is a rumor. Please pay attention to the authoritative release and reminder of public security organs in time.

　　2

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Online transmission of the message that Hangzhou security checkpoint requires "a car owner to take a sip of more than 20 bottles of mineral water one by one"

　　It was confirmed that the news was a false rumor. Inspection of liquids is a routine practice in security inspection. The public security organs will carry out relevant inspections in accordance with strict work norms and operating procedures, and at the same time, on the premise of ensuring safety, they will try their best to embody the principle of convenience and convenience.

　　three

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Restaurants, food markets, grocery stores and pharmacies should be closed down?

　　Shop assistant of "Ganqishi" Baozi Store: The store has not received the notice of closure, and will open as usual during the summit. We have many delivery orders from nearby units every day. The order for September has already been placed, and everything is as usual!

　　Person in charge of the "Keshamier" store on Stadium Road: At present, I have not received the notice from the superior company about temporarily closing the store, and I will definitely not take the initiative to close it.

　　Clerk of Huadong Pharmacy on Jianguo Road: Business is as usual in response to the needs of the public for dispensing medicines.

　　The boss of Hemei Nong’s "Yao Dajie’s assured food": During the summit, we should not close the door, open as usual, and everyone can still come to my place to buy food. None of the hotels we have cooperated with have heard that they are going to close down. They are open as usual, and our delivery has been going on.

　　The proprietress of Kaixuan Road grocery store: Some time ago, community workers came to make a survey on whether to continue business from the end of August to the beginning of September, but no one asked me to close the door.

　　four

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　No entry to Hangzhou without a pass?

　　From August 10th to September 6th, Zhejiang public security organs set up public security checkpoints (points) in places such as the land and waterway passages around Zhejiang into Hangzhou to strengthen the safety inspection of people, articles and vehicles passing by. From 0: 00 on August 15th to 24: 00 on September 6th, the entry security card was officially opened.

　　Vehicles going to the main city of Hangzhou, Xiaoshan and Yuhang District, including Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, can be handled, and it is not necessary to apply for this permit in other parts of Hangzhou. Holding the entry security certificate can be quickly verified at the relevant public security checkpoints to enter the above-mentioned areas in Hangzhou, and vehicles without the entry security certificate can also enter the above-mentioned areas in Hangzhou after passing the security inspection at the public security checkpoints.

　　five

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Can’t Hangzhou vehicles be inspected annually in mid-August?

　　The traffic police department of Hangzhou said that the annual inspection of motor vehicles in Hangzhou is being handled normally.

　　six

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Will Hangzhou Passenger Transport Center Station be closed during G20?

　　Hangzhou has indeed shut down all the long-distance simple stations in the main city, such as the North Station Market Simple Station and Qianjiang Market Simple Station. However, the passenger center station, South Bus Station, West Bus Station, North Bus Station and East Railway Station, which belong to Hangzhou Changyun, are all operating normally, and all the buses from the five major bus stations are running normally, so the majority of passengers can rest assured to buy tickets and ride.

　　seven

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　The security police each subsidize 100,000 yuan?

　　This is really an unfounded nonsense. During such an international grand event, it is not only an internationally accepted practice, but also a minimum requirement for maintaining public safety to prepare for battle and strengthen security. The survey shows that Hangzhou citizens are most concerned about the security incidents during the G20 Summit.

　　eight

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Hangzhou express can’t only go out, but can’t send express mail from August?

　　Hangzhou express delivery implements the real-name registration system, and carries out unpacking inspection and inspection and acceptance of express delivery. Express delivery is not impossible to send, but centralized inspection and acceptance. With the gradual strengthening of traffic control measures from late August to early September, there may be lag or delay in the receipt and delivery of express mail.

　　nine

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　All logistics carts are prohibited from entering Zhejiang?

　　According to the international practice and environmental quality requirements of the summit, during the summit, Zhejiang Province will take necessary vehicle restriction measures as appropriate, and the specific policies will be subject to the official authority. Please don’t believe the rumors.

　　10

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　The G20 Hangzhou Summit has a budget of 160 billion yuan?

　　In 2016, the general public budget expenditure in Hangzhou was only 123 billion yuan. What’s more, many projects accused of serving G20 were key development projects in Zhejiang and Hangzhou several years ago. Most of the transformation is to "repair the old as the old" and use modern technology to make the tradition more prominent.

　　11

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Due to G20 Summit, Hangzhou suspended the application for temporary residence certificates for foreigners?

　　Since July 1st, the newly revised Regulations on Residence Registration of Floating Population in Zhejiang Province has been officially implemented. According to the regulations, Zhejiang cancels the handling of Temporary Residence Permit and Temporary Residence Permit, and the floating population should apply for residence registration, and the floating population who meets certain conditions can apply for residence permit. The floating population holds the Zhejiang Temporary Residence Permit, which will remain valid within the validity period of the certificate.

　　According to Zhejiang release

Before the old reform, the second ring road of Xihong Road to the industrial section. Reporter Ye Yibin photo

After the old reform, the section from the Second Ring Road to the industrial section of Xihong Road is more spacious. Reporter Ye Yibin photo

Fuzhou Daily reporter Ying Yang Li Bailei Jun Wu correspondent Peng Hui

　　Since the beginning of the year, the renovation of the old housing area in Gulou District has been reported frequently:

　　Three old renovation projects started at the beginning of the year, such as the renovation of the old housing area around Xianta Street, the plot around Fuda Yishan Campus (I) and the Guoyangdang plot, have basically completed the relocation;

　　The requisition and relocation of four contiguous old housing reconstruction projects, including the reconstruction project from Ouyechi to Chenghuang Temple (Phase I) and the reconstruction project around Huoxiang, are progressing in an orderly manner;

　　Two old housing reconstruction projects, including Sheshan in Mei Feng, are about to enter the site, and another eight projects are in the early stage of preparation, and the land requisition and relocation will be started in due course in the second half of the year.

　　The renovation of old housing areas bears the people’s dream of living in peace, and is also closely related to the improvement of urban functional quality. In order to speed up the construction of a blessed state with a more beautiful environment, better quality, more comprehensive functions and better service, last year, the municipal party committee and the municipal government decided to implement a three-year action plan for the renovation of contiguous old housing areas, and put forward the specific deployment of the "three-year action plan and two-year work arrangement".

　　Gulou District attaches great importance to it, responds quickly and takes the initiative to pressurize it. It has decided to start all the 17 450,000-square-meter old renovation projects involved in the "Three-year Action Plan" within this year. "Three-year old reform, one-year implementation", in this tough battle, the majority of cadres in Gulou District lifted their spirits, worked hard, carefully planned and coordinated, collected sunshine and provided sincere service, and carried out the action of "improving livable environment and building a happy home" in depth, striving to show new responsibilities and achieve new achievements in the new era.

　　"I accidentally stepped on shit when I was walking, and I happened to have an injury on my foot. Do you want to get rabies vaccine?" You must want to know such a wonderful question. "After the baby is vaccinated, why do you have to wait for 30 minutes to leave the hospital?" You must be very concerned about such common problems. "With HPV vaccine, you can stay away from cervical cancer once and for all?" You must not miss such a hot question.

　　At the final of "Guangzhou Vaccination Science Popularization Competition in 2020" held recently, all kinds of knowledge about vaccines and vaccination made people learn a lot.

　　The birth process of vaccine is not simple.

　　Since ancient times, human beings have been fighting against viruses, and have gradually discovered the magic weapon to win — — Vaccine. There are several ways to produce vaccines, one of which is — — Take inactivated vaccine as an example to talk about the birth of vaccine.

　　First of all, scientists should isolate the virus from the source of infection. The isolated virus can not be used directly, and it needs to be processed before screening out the ideal strain. Then these strains are cultured and propagated on the cell matrix; These strains contain some impurities, which need to be removed by filtration. Then treated with formaldehyde and other solutions to make the strain lose its pathogenicity and retain its antigenicity; Finally, through a series of processing, inactivated vaccine can be born.

　　But this vaccine can’t be injected into human body at this time. In order to ensure safety and effectiveness, the vaccine needs to undergo strict tests at different levels. The first level is the animal test. After passing the animal test, it can be reported to National Medical Products Administration to apply for clinical trials. The clinical trial is divided into three phases. This is for the sake of safety, and the test population should increase in a step-by-step manner. Only after the safety of the first-phase clinical trial is ensured can the second-phase clinical trial be carried out to study its effectiveness. In the last three phases, a randomized, blind and placebo-controlled design should be adopted to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine in a wider range of people. All clinical trials generally take at least 3-8 years, and some even take more than 10 years. If the vaccine fails to meet the requirements in the test, it will be stopped or even terminated.

　　After passing the above-mentioned layer-by-layer tests, it is necessary to go through enterprise self-inspection, expert review, on-site inspection by the Food and Drug Administration, and identification by the Central Inspection Institute to confirm that the vaccine is safe and effective, the process is true, and the quality is controllable. At this time, the vaccine can be officially marketed and promoted.

　　Today’s children have been vaccinated to prevent various diseases shortly after birth. One of the most common phenomena is that babies are usually asked not to go home immediately after vaccination in the hospital, and can only go home after observation in the observation room for at least 30 minutes. Why is this? Is there anything unsafe about the vaccine? In fact, adverse reactions may occur after vaccination, but the probability of occurrence is very low. There are two kinds of adverse reactions, one is a relatively common general reaction, such as fever, redness and swelling at the injection site, poor appetite, etc. There is also an abnormal reaction, which means that the vaccine is qualified and the vaccination process is standardized, but it has brought some damage to the baby’s body. Both of these reactions belong to "adverse drug reactions with no fault on both sides".

　　If the baby’s body temperature does not exceed 38℃, you can use the method of physical cooling and pay attention to rest to return to normal; If the inoculation site is red, swollen and indurated, it is generally not necessary to deal with it, and special attention should be paid to it. It is forbidden to apply hot compress after inoculation with BCG. If the baby’s temperature exceeds 38℃ or the general reaction is serious, you should seek medical treatment immediately without delay.

　　Therefore, don’t go home immediately after vaccination, also for "just in case".

　　There is no need to get rabies vaccine when you step on shit when you have a foot injury.

　　When a Panyu player popularized the vaccination of rabies vaccine, he mentioned a new knowledge point that people didn’t know much about before: if a dog bites you, you can observe the dog for ten days. If the dog doesn’t get sick, then the remaining shots of rabies vaccine that we have started to vaccinate don’t need to continue.

　　We know that 95% of rabies in China is spread by sick dogs, followed by some carnivorous mammals, such as cats, bats, foxes, wolves and raccoons. Cold-blooded animals such as poultry, fish and insects will not infect and spread rabies. You don’t need rabies vaccine after being bitten by rodents, rabbits and rabbits. Infectious diseases of dogs, cats and other animals are usually spread to them by external animals. Once a cat or dog is bitten by an infectious animal, the incubation period of the virus in their bodies is generally more than one month, but only in the saliva of the cat or dog 3-5 days before the onset of the disease may rabies virus be carried. Therefore, for some cats and dogs that are confirmed to be healthy, such as domestic cats and dogs that have a clear history, are not free-range or wandering, have never been bitten by animals suspected of rabies, and have been regularly injected with rabies vaccine, it is not necessary to take rabies vaccine when bitten by these cats or dogs.

　　Someone asked, "I accidentally stepped on shit when I was walking, and I happened to have an injury on my foot. Do you want to get rabies vaccine?" In fact, there is no need to get rabies vaccine. But it is best to clean the wound in time to prevent infection by other germs.

　　However, most people are not sure whether the biting animal is healthy after being bitten by an animal, so it is certainly right to think of vaccination at the first time. However, the rabies vaccine needs 5 shots in the whole process, and there is an interval between every two shots, so it not only costs money, but also takes time. Here is a "ten-day observation method" worthy of attention — —

　　First of all, for peace of mind, you can get vaccinated first, and at the same time lock up the biting dog for observation; If the dog is still very healthy after ten days, which proves that the biting dog was not in the period of rabies infection at the time of the incident, then you don’t need to take the rest rabies vaccine. If the dog is abnormal during the observation period, then your vaccine must be finished.

　　Vaccination with HPV vaccine is not 100% away from cervical cancer.

　　Like "settled" in the female cervix of the HPV virus, the scientific name is human papillomavirus, which is the chief culprit leading to cervical cancer. According to the ICO (Catalan Cancer Institute) report on HPV and related diseases in China released in 2018, 98% of cervical cancer in China is caused by high-risk HPV infection. There is no specific medicine for HPV infection at present. However, human beings have developed an HPV vaccine. After vaccination, the body can produce antibodies to eliminate high-risk HPV, thus preventing cervical cancer.

　　It has been known that there are more than 200 family members of HPV virus, and only 14 species can really "make waves" on human cervix. These fourteen kinds are called high-risk HPV, among which HPV16 and 18 are the most powerful, and 69% of cervical cancer is attributed to them.

　　At present, the HPV vaccines on the market are bivalent, bivalent and bivalent. If you hit the price of 2 and 4, you can prevent about 70% of cervical cancer; The tetravalent vaccine can also prevent 6/11 types of 14 high-risk HPV, which can prevent sexually transmitted diseases caused by these two types of viruses; On the basis of 4 valence, 9 valence has the function of preventing 31/33/45/52/58 type, which can prevent 92% of cervical cancer. The ideal vaccination time of HPV vaccine is before sex, that is, before the first exposure to HPV infection, but women who have had sex can also benefit from HPV vaccination.

　　Why does HPV appear in the human body? Mainly through sexual behavior, or contact with unclean sanitary ware or supplies. It is worth noting that women who are sexually active and have many sexual partners are particularly vulnerable to infection. But not being infected with high-risk HPV means getting cervical cancer. Only when high-risk HPV is continuously infected for 10 to 20 years will it naturally evolve into cancer. In this process, most people’s body functions can remove HPV.

　　It is worth reminding that the HPV vaccine is not once and for all. The HPV virus family is "numerous", and about 7% of cervical cancer can not be prevented by vaccination with HPV vaccine for the time being. So if you are old enough to have regular screening for cervical cancer, you should remember to have regular screening. If HPV vaccination is the primary prevention of cervical cancer, regular cervical cancer screening is the secondary prevention. Only when primary and secondary prevention are done, the "big devil" of cervical cancer will not be easily encountered. (Yangcheng Evening News reporter Li Gang)