2023 Zero Carbon Summit: From 0 to 1, Towards Carbon Neutrality and High Quality Development

In the past year, the situation at home and abroad was complicated and changeable, and the combination of geopolitics, extreme weather and other factors had a profound impact on the global response to climate change. How to maintain a reasonable economic growth rate on the road of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions has become a focus topic.
On August 9th, the 2023 First Financial Zero Carbon Summit was held in Shanghai. With the theme of "From 0 to 1, towards carbon-neutral and high-quality development", this year’s "Zero Carbon Summit" invited authoritative experts and industry leaders in the field of sustainable development to share their insights on sustainable development.
Chen Siwei, CEO of CBN, said in his speech that at the first CBN Zero Carbon Summit in 2021, we solemnly put forward the initiative of "0 to 1" to witness the development and change of the environment from a professional perspective and explain the challenges and opportunities contained in it to the public. Today, two years later, everyone is more and more aware of the value of doing professional research and reporting in the field of double carbon. The past July was the hottest July on record. The environmental crisis has changed from an abstract topic to a phenomenon that we can generally perceive. The goal of double carbon has become more and more practical and urgent. It is expected that this summit will continue to gain insight into the complex relationship between climate and social economy from a professional perspective, and make suggestions for the sustainable development of China in the future.
Chen Sixie, CEO of CBN
In the next keynote speech, Huang Zhen, academician of China Academy of Engineering and dean of the Institute of Carbon Neutralization Development of Shanghai Jiaotong University, shared four characteristics of energy green transformation under the goal of carbon neutrality. Huang Zhen said that the green energy transition towards carbon neutrality is not only an energy issue, but also a technical issue. It is a global and systematic issue. Therefore, energy transformation is not achieved overnight, but should be gradual, with policies, laws and regulations as the leading factor, science and technology as the strategic drive, and the market as the important support, so as to make top-level design and scientific decision.
Huang Zhen, Academician of China Academy of Engineering and Dean of Carbon Neutralization Development Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University.
How to balance carbon neutrality and economic development and transformation? Dai Yande, former director of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission and director of the Energy Economic Committee of the China Energy Research Association, proposed that to achieve carbon neutrality, we should not only do a good job in energy, but also do a good job in economy, and the four wheels should turn together. These four wheels include: the economic development model should be changed to improve the quality of economic growth and reduce periodic waste; The supply mode should be changed, and the current energy structure should be reversed. Now more than 80% is fossil energy, and 85% will be non-fossil energy in the future. To change the production mode, we can approach the theoretical energy consumption by relying on digitalization, informationization and programmability; The lifestyle should be reduced.
Dai Yande, former director of Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission and director of Energy Economic Committee of China Energy Research Association.
Leng Bing, director of the International Council for Sustainable Standards (ISSB), introduced the international sustainable disclosure standards and the latest progress. With the global market’s emphasis on environment, society and corporate governance (ESG), ISSB issued two standards for the disclosure of sustainable information on June 26th this year. The first is the general requirements for financial disclosure related to sustainability. The second item is the only theme criterion so far, climate disclosure. "This is a standard set between the ceiling and the floor." Lengbing said that in the future, ISSB will concentrate all its efforts to support the smooth and effective implementation of the new S1 and S2 standards, including talking with major countries around the world to help them implement, introduce and implement the standards.
Leng Bing, Director of the International Council for Sustainable Standards (ISSB)
The construction of carbon market in China is also a topic of great concern. Liu Jie, general manager of Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange, said that since the national carbon market was officially launched on July 16, 2021, the basic framework of the national carbon market has been basically completed and the key links have been initially opened. Generally speaking, there have been transactions on every trading day in the past two years. In the future, electricity will take the lead in the national carbon market, and other industries will gradually follow suit. After all industries are brought into the national carbon market, the overall quota will reach 6.5 billion to 7 billion tons, accounting for about 60% of the country’s total emissions, and there will be more than 80,000 management enterprises.
Liu Jie, General Manager of Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange.
John Markmann, president of Gryffindor China, shared the melting of ice in Greenland and the changing trend of temperature in China. Facing the increasingly severe climate, water resources and energy challenges, Grundfos provides groundbreaking solutions to help customers optimize water resources and energy management and help sustainable development through continuous innovation, optimizing supply chain and expanding partnerships. Mark Man introduced that Gryffindor’s net zero emission target in 2050 was fully certified by SBTi (Scientific Carbon Target Initiative), and Gryffindor’s emission reduction target in 2030 was also certified.
John Markmann, President of Gryffindor China.
Photovoltaic is one of the important means to support zero carbon. According to the prediction of the International Renewable Energy Agency, 90% of the global energy in the future will be renewable energy, of which more than 70% will be photovoltaic+wind power, so photovoltaic will become a major energy source in the future. Wu Shengwen, CTO of Ai Shiwei, said that as of the end of last year, the global PV installation was 1.2TW, and it is expected to reach 18TW by 2050, which means that there is still a lot of room for photovoltaic development. Judging from the situation in China, the installed capacity has reached 78GW in the first half of this year, and the whole installed capacity will exceed the previous expectation, reaching about 300~350GW.
Ai Shiwei CTO Wu Shengwen
After the keynote speech, two wonderful round-table discussions pushed the atmosphere of this zero-carbon summit to a high point.
In the first discussion on the official release of ISSB Standards-ESG financial integration is fully started, and the logic of high-quality assets is waiting to be reconstructed, Janice, managing partner of climate and sustainable development business of Oliver Wyman Consulting, Yu Rong, head of ESG business in Greater China of S&P Global Sustainable1, Qu Weifeng, chairman of sustainable development committee of Leverage and co-leader of sustainable development standard project team of Shanghai Federation of Industrial Economics, Liu Yifeng, senior ESG researcher of Xingzheng Global Fund, and Zhou Xufeng, deputy director of CBN Sustainable Business Research Center, discussed the impact of ISSB standards.
Participants believed that the official release of ISSB guidelines can be said to be "the wolf is really coming", and its essence is to change sustainable data from voluntary disclosure to mandatory disclosure, which represents the end of one era and the opening of another. Under the requirements of high standards, enterprises need to rediscover their own sustainable problems and understand how to balance their sustainable development goals with their own business goals, which also means that future business management will face a big change.
In the round-table discussion on "Breaking First, Standing Next: Sustainability and Energy Transformation", Huang Chongjie, general manager of China District of Glenford Industrial Division, Qi Kang, deputy general manager of Shanghai Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Center, Du Huanzheng, double-employed professor of UNEP-Tongji University School of Environment and Sustainable Development and Marxist College, director of Tongji University Institute of Ecological Civilization and Circular Economy, and president of Yangtze River Delta Circular Economy Technology Research Institute (Zhejiang), Fang Yong, general manager of China District of Grundfos Commercial Construction Division, and Ji Ya, editor-in-chief of CBN Sustainable Business Research Center, had in-depth discussions on the challenges encountered in the sustainable development of industries with high energy consumption, such as industry and construction, and how technological innovation can promote energy transformation. Participants agreed that digital development will play a very important supporting role in low-carbon energy.
Reporting/feedback

Expert: Aerobic exercise is the best way to keep fit for a long time.

The main purpose of students’ participation in sports is to keep fit. There are many sports methods. Lany, a teacher in the Department of Physical Education of Chengdu Institute of Physical Education, said that aerobic exercise is the best way to keep fit, and the long-term persistence is effective.

    Aerobic exercise is an exercise that takes aerobic metabolism as the main energy source under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply. The metabolic form is thorough, only carbon dioxide and water are produced, and almost no harmful substances are produced. Long-term persistence can obviously improve cardiopulmonary function, prevent and control "three highs" (hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia), reduce excess fat, improve mental state and promote sleep quality.

    He said that when doing aerobic exercise, if you want to achieve the ideal fitness effect, you must grasp the load. Generally speaking, the load intensity can be judged by the heart rate. When the heart rate is 120 -140 beats/min, the contraction and relaxation of the heart are the most sufficient, and the heart function can be exercised to the maximum extent. In addition, it should be adjusted according to the individual’s specific situation, and people of different ages should choose the appropriate intensity according to the actual situation.

    Fitness is a long-term project, and persistence is the last word. Lany suggested that in terms of frequency, the best fitness effect can be achieved by arranging intermittent exercise 3 -5 times a week.

[Print this page]
[Close window]

Seeing the director being excavated with my brother, Hua Qiangu became a hit, but Kyle’s new drama was a match for new people?

There are many handsome men in the entertainment circle who are suitable for ancient costumes, but there are not many who can still play after taking off their ancient costumes. Kyle is such a representative. In "Hua Qiangu", with the role of "Sha Qianmo", the first handsome man in the six circles, Kyle used to suck countless powders, but after a short period of glory, Kyle didn’t make more splash in the entertainment circle. Now he looks a little thin, and it is not easy to create more glory from the appearance.

How amazing is Sha Qianmo? From Hua Qiangu’s reaction to seeing him for the first time, he can see that he directly shouted "Kill my sister" and secretly muttered "My sister is beautiful, but her breasts are so small". Such an evaluation is definitely irritating to the average man, but it is a rare praise for Sha Qianmo who is obsessed with beauty, so he is also a little more loving to Xiao Gu. In Kyle’s performance, Sha Qianmo is beautiful, cold, and a little endearing, which makes people memorable.

Unfortunately, after Sha Qianmo’s success, it was a temporary ceiling for actor Kyle. Since then, all the labels about Kyle can’t be separated from "Sister Hua". After that, Kyle also made different attempts, acting as the rich second generation in modern dramas, acting as a youthful drama, and exploring in suspense dramas, but unfortunately there was no more splash.

In the suspense drama "Breaking the Cocoon" which just started broadcasting, Kyle, as a special star, plays the attending physician of neurosurgery, a handsome guy of abstinence, Wen Bai, and a teacher and friend of forensic doctor Jin Ling. But this time, Kyle has no aura, so he can only play a supporting role for the newcomer Gala. After taking off his costume, Kyle’s shape is slightly thin, and there are not many eye-catching places. In addition, the character itself is a bit cold, and at first glance it is difficult to give people a good impression.

On the contrary, the role of Wen Bai itself is full of expectations. Judging from the current broadcast story, he and Tan Jingtian, the male actor played by Gala, have many common interests and hobbies, and even nightmares are similar, which makes people curious about their relationship. However, judging from the time of debut and the position in the circle, it is indeed a bit overqualified for Kyle to play a supporting role for the newcomer Gala, which is probably why the drama was specially marked for special performance.

Regardless of Kyle’s embarrassment in the play, Breaking the Cocoon is a slightly interesting suspense drama. The biggest selling point is naturally the insect-solving method. Finding clues related to insects from ordinary cases and using the professional knowledge of the male host to help the police solve the case is novel and fascinating, which is a great attraction. However, the stereotype that this drama has not escaped is that it is still debatable from which direction to unilaterally exaggerate the role here and treat others as a decoration-like existence.

In fact, many people only know the embarrassment of Kyle’s popularity, but they don’t necessarily know the anecdote that he actually stepped into the entertainment circle. Kyle’s brother Maher is also an actor. Although he has no particularly impressive role so far, he is a supporting role in the Guo Jingyu series. He has appeared in The Red Lady, dog stick, Brave Heart and yangko dance. When my brother was admitted to the Beijing Film Academy, he took his brother to see the director by chance. However, Kyle was unexpectedly taken to the entertainment circle. Before he appeared in Hua Qiangu, he played Xiaoxue’s "Gossip Boyfriend" in Family with Children.

The two brothers are brave enough to break into the entertainment circle. It is reasonable to say that they can support each other, but the appearance of the two brothers is too different, and the pace of development in the circle is also inconsistent. Compared with his elder brother, Kyle is obviously lucky, at least he has been a big hit, but it’s a pity that the role of "Sha Qianmo" is not enough for him to eat for a lifetime, and the insipid taste after his popularity is not easy to endure. However, my brother is limited by his appearance, and it is estimated that it is difficult for him to be popular. Therefore, besides playing bit part in a down-to-earth manner, he has already found his own happiness. In 2018, he successfully proposed in The Most Beautiful Drama, and he has successfully won the beauty. I don’t know if Kyle can break through next, but I really expect him to put aside the label of "beauty" and "handsome" and take a different path by acting. Text/Red Queen

The single pedal mode will usher in a major change, and the driver has to adapt again!

  • Author: cherries
  • Source: Today’s headlines understand the car emperor-cherries

Do you still remember that Xiaomi’s official OTA gave a small function to the owner of SU7, that isDerusting the brake disc by braking..

From the user’s point of view, the product manager actively responds to the user’s needs, but this function is really a bit redundant, and behind these behaviors are all due to the "kinetic energy recovery of electric vehicles.""Caused by it.

When it comes to kinetic energy recovery, it is naturally inseparable.Tesla’s single pedal modeThis strong kinetic energy recovery model is almostChanged the habits of many drivers., also led to someThe occurrence of traffic accidents, soFor the rectification of this function,give rise towatch from a height or distanceThe attention of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology!

However, Tesla also cleverly changed the user manual from the previous "complete stop"Up to now," almost stopped.". It seems that Tesla’s legal department has to play word games.

In fact, in essence,The single pedal mode does not make a fundamental difference.After all, at the last moment of kinetic energy recovery, the vehicle tends to be stationary due to the friction of tires.

Theoretically, there is no need to change the procedure, and it can still meet the new standards of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. But for the driver,It still needs an adaptation process.Always understand that it is still necessary to step on the brake pedal in an emergency to avoid the situation that the accelerator brakes.

Nowadays, manufacturers are developing kinetic energy recovery simply to have a better data on battery life, but in the domestic public opinion environment, Tesla is more likely to be pushed to the forefront.

As a means of transportation, it is necessary toLet users use it conveniently.It is king, not forcing users to change their habits for the purpose of the enterprise. And car owners should always know,Life should be firmly under your own feet.The brake you should step on must be firmly stepped on.

editor in chiefvehicleMeiweiLetter: chinaoyx (click ← to add friends/join the group)

Cheyou Exchange QQ Group: 136291581

calendar

With the policies in place and the funds in place, can the auto market take off again?

history

At the peak, it was necessary to raise the price to pick up the car. Now it has exploded to 130,000, and it has also failed in China?

writing

More than 500,000 luxury cars sell first! The M9 sold 15,800 sets in May, breaking the record.

chapter

Earn 230 billion a year! Former Chairman of Jianghuai Group: Toyota still has many hands, and BYD can’t win it!

Point sharing

Point collection

Point to see

Click like

Wenzhou Audi Q7 special sale, special 518,300! limited quantity

Welcome to the Autohome Wenzhou promotion channel, bringing you a car-buying feast that cannot be missed. Currently, the high-profile luxury SUV is being promoted in Wenzhou with unprecedented intensity. It is understood that this promotion is unprecedented, and you can enjoy up to 113,400 yuan in cash, making the Audi Q7 with an already attractive starting price of 518,300 yuan even more attractive. If you are yearning for the Audi Q7, now is the time to seize this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to realize your luxury car dream. Just click "Check the car price" in the quote form below to learn more about the specific offer details and strive for a better car buying experience.

温州奥迪Q7特价出售,特价51.83万!数量有限

The Audi Q7 creates a refined and atmospheric appearance with its unique design concept. The front face features Audi’s iconic hexagonal air intake grille, paired with sharp LED headlights, showing the perfect fusion of power and technology. The body lines are smooth and sporty, and the overall style is both luxurious and practical, showing Audi’s unique interpretation of luxury SUVs.

温州奥迪Q7特价出售,特价51.83万!数量有限

The Audi Q7 shows the side charm of a luxury SUV with its exquisite craftsmanship and elegant design concept. The body size is amazing, with a length of 5077mm, a width of 1970mm, a height of 1715mm, and a wheelbase of 2999mm, which provides a solid foundation for its interior space and driving stability. The side lines are smooth and powerful, reflecting Audi’s control of detail and the pursuit of dynamic aesthetics. The front and rear tires are 285/40 R21, and the tires are large and stable, and the dynamic rim design not only enhances the visual impact, but also provides excellent grip and comfort for driving.

温州奥迪Q7特价出售,特价51.83万!数量有限

The interior design of the Audi Q7 reflects the perfect fusion of luxury and technology. The exquisite leather steering wheel provides a good grip, supports manual and electric up and down + front and rear adjustment, so you can get an excellent control experience during driving. The 10.1-inch central control screen is equipped with an advanced automatic speech recognition control system, which can easily control multimedia, navigation, phone and air conditioning functions to enhance driving convenience.

In terms of seats, the Audi Q7 is made of imitation leather and genuine leather. The seats support front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment and waist support to ensure passenger comfort. The front seats are also equipped with heating and ventilation functions to meet the needs of different seasons. The driver’s seat is equipped with a power seat memory function, which is convenient for drivers to quickly find a suitable sitting position. In addition, the second row of seats supports backrest adjustment, while the seat reclines in a proportional way, providing greater flexibility in the interior space.

温州奥迪Q7特价出售,特价51.83万!数量有限

The Audi Q7 is powered by a powerful 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 195 kilowatts and a torque output of 370 Nm. This engine has 265 horsepower and is paired with an 8-speed manual transmission to provide the driver with a smooth and efficient driving experience.

Summarizing the evaluation of the owner Autohome, the Audi Q7 has won praise for its solid chassis, comfortable driving experience, and good handling brought by the rear wheel steering. The exterior design has also been loved by the owner. More importantly, its power performance is strong, just press the accelerator lightly to feel the surging power. And the silky gearbox matching undoubtedly adds more fun to the driving experience. Overall, the Audi Q7, with its excellent performance in many aspects, is undoubtedly a luxury SUV that meets the expectations of drivers.

The stills of "Legend of the White Snake" exposed that Jet Li was tempted by the fox demon when he was challenged.


Deep in the bamboo forest, trapped in a demon bush


Vivid colors are fragrant and dangerous.

    Produced by Cui Baozhu, a famous producer in Hong Kong, and directed by a famous director in Hong Kong, the magical action love movie co-starred by stars such as,,,,,, and recently exposed a group of demon-seduced Fahai stills, and Fahai in Jet Li was seduced by foxes. Whether it is the previously exposed stills or the first trailer of the film, they all try their best to render the wonderful action scenes of various demons in Jet Li War. However, seeing a group of beautiful and charming fox spirits surrounding Fahai, they are all flattering and teasing, and Fahai’s eyes are closed and he is chanting Buddhist scriptures, so he must be turning the river inside; And under this beauty, it is even more sinister and exciting. This edition of The Legend of the White Snake has established a demon world and enriched the original myth system, but at the same time, it also shows that if Jet Li Fahai wants to fight against all kinds of demons, he will be seduced by the fox demon, and there will be more violent confrontation, which makes people look forward to it.


Color is either empty desire or prison


I have nothing to show for myself.

The glamorous fox demon teases Jet Li half naked and encounters beauty challenge.

    In this edition of The Legend of the White Snake, Fahai, played by Jet Li, changed the impression of an elderly and white-haired old monk, but became a righteous, upright and even handsome law enforcement guru. In this set of seductive stills, a group of fox demons surrounded Fahai in the middle, all of them were beautiful, their lips were about to drip, their manners were charming and seductive, and their clothes were even more imaginary and provocative. I think this time, I will completely throw caution to the wind and let Fahai break the precepts. The coquettish manner fully reveals the nature of the fox demon. Fahai’s shape is very simple, with a white robe and a string of black beads. His manners are not angry and arrogant, but also thunderous, which is awesome. It is quite speculative that Fahai is excellent in martial arts and powerful in mana. Why did he fall into the Eight Diagrams array of fox demon seduction? Of course, the most exciting thing is whether this trick has been tempted. How to get rid of the temptation? Another photo of Fahai closing his eyes and crossing his hands seems to imply that he is expelling the entanglement of demons. No matter what the result is, it seems that in this edition of The Legend of the White Snake, Jet Li Fahai will not only stage a kung fu and mana war with various demons, but also stage a lust war.


King Kong glared at Kun and turned around.

Lure, luring, luring, killing, sea life hanging by a thread

    In the evil world created by The Legend of the White Snake, there are also two ends of good and evil. Different from the White Snake and the Green Snake, these foxes, by virtue of many years’ practice, conjure up beautiful human figures, confuse people, attract people’s yang, harm people’s lives, and do all kinds of things that harm nature and justice. From this point of view, this delicious seduction drama is actually full of dangers, and it is life and death between thoughts. If Fahai doesn’t hold his ground in the face of temptation, this group of fox demons will definitely show their true colors and try their old tricks again, then the abbot of Jinshan Temple, who is bent on "subduing demons and subduing demons", will fear that his lifelong cultivation and life will be lost … … At this time, Fahai is not only a "law enforcer", but also an ordinary person facing temptation. What awaits him will be a dangerous challenge between desire and death … … The addition of this scene facing the test of human nature also makes people look forward to this version of The Legend of the White Snake.

More wonderful stills on the next page

Can sensitive muscles still be whitened with nicotinamide?

Nicotinamide is a vitamin obtained by amidation of nicotinic acid.A type of B3, widely distributed in nature..In recent years, niacinamide is a kind of skin care industry.The "big red man" occupies the C position of the whitening stage, and many young ladies are fond of it. So can people with sensitive muscles use nicotinamide?

sequenceYe Jianqing, Ph.D., School of Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, the founder of "Rational Skin Care School", was invited to give us a talk on whether nicotinamide can be used for sensitive muscles.

What is nicotinamide?

Nicotinamide is a vitamin.One of B3 is a "star" ingredient in skin care products, which can whiten skin, control oil, resist aging and repair damaged skin. In fact, nicotinamide was first used in feed additives to improve the luster of poultry, especially chickens, ducks and geese. It can also be used to treat pellagra, a rare dystrophic skin disease, which is common in corn-based areas with typical symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. In life, supplementing milk and meat can prevent pellagra.

What role does nicotinamide play in cosmetics?

1.Whitening. Nicotinamide can prevent the transformation of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, thus reducing skin pigment deposition; At the same time, nicotinamide can also accelerate the metabolism of skin and accelerate the exfoliation of keratinocytes containing melanin.

2.Anti-aging. Nicotinamide is involved in cell metabolism and fat, protein andDNA synthesis. Therefore, nicotinamide can prevent the spontaneous glycosylation reaction between protein and glucose, thus maintaining the skin energy balance. At the same time, nicotinamide can restore cell energy, accelerate collagen synthesis and prevent collagen degradation, thus playing an anti-aging role.

3.Repair skin barrier.Nicotinamide can promote the synthesis of ceramide in skin, accelerate the differentiation of keratinocytes, and thus play a role in repairing skin barrier.

4.moisturize.Nicotinamide for external use,Can prevent the loss of skin moisture, thus achieving the role of moisturizing.

Will nicotinamide be tolerated?

Although nicotinamide has many skin care effects, it can also cause irritation to the skin. People with skin intolerance (sensitive skin, dry skin, dermatitis, etc.) are not suitable for using nicotinamide. Because nicotinamide can be decomposed into nicotinic acid in human body, nicotinic acid can promote blood vessel dilation and blood circulation, but it may also cause irritation and lead to redness and allergy of skin.

In order to avoid harm to the skin, before using nicotinamide products, you can test whether your skin is tolerant in a small area and low concentration on your face, and whether there are allergic phenomena such as redness and tingling. If there are allergic symptoms, you should stop using nicotinamide products immediately.

Can sensitive muscles still use nicotinamide?

Sensitive muscles can use low concentration of nicotinamide, and do not contain essence, preservatives and other products. Sensitive muscle stratum corneum is thin, particularly intolerant, allergic, prone to tingling and redness. Sensitive muscle whitening should pay special attention not to cause irritation to the skin and avoid aggravating skin sensitivity.

Sensitive muscle whitening should pay special attention to sun protection, ultraviolet rays are harmful to the skin and are the most important culprit in causing skin blackening. Try to choose hard sun protection methods such as wearing a hat, playing a sun protection umbrella and wearing a sun protection suit. The way of applying sunscreen is always not as cost-effective, safe and effective as hard sun protection.

Correctly look at the role of nicotinamide

Nicotinamide is not a panacea, and its whitening mechanism is to inhibit the transport of melanin, rather than reduce the production of melanin from the source. Nicotinamide is just a vitamin, so there is no need to exaggerate its efficacy. We should correctly understand and use products containing nicotinamide.

References:

1. 18th An Yun lecture "Can nicotinamide be used for sensitive muscles? 》

Reporting/feedback

Detailed rules of the standard for the review of network short video content: You are not allowed to cut and adapt movies without authorization.

  On December 15th, China Network Audio-visual Program Service Association issued the Detailed Rules on the Standards for Auditing Network Short Video Content (2021). The new version of the "Rules" stipulates that short video programs shall not appear "show ‘ Fanquan ’ Chaos and bad fan culture, advocating hype, abnormal aesthetics, fanaticism of idolize, fans’ irrational voice and support, and celebrity scandal, "cutting and adapting various audio-visual programs and fragments such as movies, TV dramas and online TV dramas without authorization" and "luring and instigating the public to participate in virtual currency ‘ Mining ’ , trading, hype, etc.

  The full text is as follows:

  In order to improve the quality of short video content, curb the spread of false and harmful content, and create a clear cyberspace, these rules are formulated in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, the Provisions on the Administration of Internet Audio-visual Program Services and the General Rules for the Audit of Internet Audio-visual Program Content.

  First, the basic standards of network short video content audit

  (1) The 10 standards listed in Article 16 of the Regulations on the Administration of Internet Audio-visual Program Services.

  (2) The 94 standards listed in Articles 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Chapter IV of the General Rules for the Content Examination of Internet Audio-visual Programs.

  Second, the specific rules for the review of network short video content

  According to the basic standards for the review of network short video content, short video programs and their titles, names, comments, barrage, emoticons, etc., the following specific contents shall not appear in their language, performance, subtitles, pictures, music and sound effects:

  (a) the content of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system.

  For example:

  1. Attacking, denying, damaging or violating Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s guiding ideology and action guide;

  2 ridicule, irony, opposition, contempt for the latest theoretical achievements and guiding position of Marxism in China;

  3. Attacking or denying the most essential characteristics of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, attacking, denying or weakening the core position of the CPC Central Committee and the whole party;

  4. Disregarding the world, national conditions and party conditions, denying the development history of the party and the country at one stage and engaging in historical nihilism;

  5. Violating the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s resolution on the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, ridiculing, denying and attacking the major principles and policies, major initiatives and major work promoted by the party and the state since the founding of New China;

  6. Misinterpret, deny, attack or abuse the formulation and revision of major national laws and regulations such as the Constitution, or ridicule, satirize, oppose or distort specific provisions thereof;

  7.以娱乐化方式篡改、解读支撑中国特色社会主义制度的根本制度、基本制度、重要制度,对其中的特定名词称谓进行不当使用的;

  (二)分裂国家的内容

  For example:

  8.反对、攻击、曲解“一个中国”“一国两制”的;

  9.体现台独、港独、藏独、疆独等的言行、活动、标识的,包括影像资料、作品、语音、言论、图片、文字、反动旗帜、标语口号等各种形式(转播中央新闻单位新闻报道除外);

  10.持有台独、港独、藏独、疆独等分裂国家立场的艺人及组织团体制作或参与制作的节目、娱乐报道、作品宣传的;

  11.对涉及领土和历史事件的描写不符合国家定论的;

  (三)损害国家形象的内容

  For example:

  12.贬损、玷污、恶搞中国国家和民族的形象、精神和气质的;

  13.以焚烧、毁损、涂划、玷污、践踏、恶搞等方式侮辱国旗、国徽的,在不适宜的娱乐商业活动等场合使用国旗、国徽的;

  14.篡改、恶搞国歌的,在不适宜的商业和娱乐活动中使用国歌,或在不恰当的情境唱奏国歌,有损国歌尊严的;

  15.截取党和国家领导人讲话片段可能使原意扭曲或使人产生歧义,或通过截取视频片段、专门制作拼凑动图等方式,歪曲放大展示党和国家领导人语气语意语态的;

  16. Without the authorization or approval of the state, special actors and ordinary people dress up and imitate the image of party and state leaders, participate in activities including hosting, performing, giving speeches, posing, etc., and seek benefits or grandstanding and have adverse effects (except film and television works or cultural performances approved according to law);

  17. The characters in the program wear clothes, shoes and hats printed with the heads of the party and state leaders, and form strange expressions by shaking and folding the clothes, shoes and hats printed with the heads;

  (four) content that damages the image of revolutionary leaders and heroes and martyrs.

  For example:

  18 discredit, distort, vilify, blaspheme or deny the deeds and spirit of revolutionary leaders and heroic martyrs;

  19 improper use and spoof the names and portraits of revolutionary leaders and heroic martyrs;

  (five) the contents of revealing state secrets.

  For example:

  20. Leaking unpublished documents and speeches of party and government organs at all levels in the country;

  21. Leaking the contents, procedures and work arrangements of special work that have not been made public by party and government organs at all levels in the country;

  22. divulging state secrets such as national defense, science and technology, and military industry;

  23. Privately publishing information about the personal work and life of party and state leaders and family members of party and state leaders;

  (six) the content of undermining social stability

  For example:

  24 hype social hotspots, intensify social contradictions, and affect public order and public safety;

  25. Disseminating information on disasters and accidents released by news organizations at or above the provincial level;

  26. Programs about the impact and consequences of disasters and public events produced by non-news organizations;

  (seven) damage to national and regional unity content.

  For example:

  27. Laughing, teasing, hurting national and regional feelings and undermining stability and unity through language, address, dress, pictures and music;

  28. Render normal security measures into national prejudice and opposition;

  29. Disseminating content that may lead to misunderstanding;

  30. Seeking novelty and exaggerating unique national customs and religious beliefs, or even uglifying and insulting them;

  31. Showing the brutal and bloody war of conquest between ethnic groups in history with approval and praise;

  (eight) content that violates the national religious policy.

  For example:

  32. Showing religious extremism, extreme thoughts, activities of cult organizations and their main members and followers, as well as their "doctrines" and thoughts;

  33. Improper comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different religions and sects may lead to contradictions and conflicts between religions and sects;

  34. Excessive display and promotion of religious teachings, canons and ceremonies;

  35. Confusing religious extremism with legitimate religious activities, exaggerating normal religious beliefs and activities into extreme thoughts and actions, or interpreting extreme thoughts and actions as normal religious beliefs and activities;

  36. Joking and poking fun at religious content, as well as all kinds of malicious remarks that hurt ethnic and religious feelings;

  (9) Disseminating the contents of terrorism

  For example:

  37. Representing terrorist organizations at home and abroad;

  38. Showing terrorist acts in detail;

  39. Spreading terrorism and its propositions;

  40. Spreading videos of purposeful, planned and organized violent terrorist attacks by means of self-immolation, suicide bombers, smashing and looting (except those publicly reported by the central news media), or forwarding one-sided reports and video clips that distort the truth of these activities;

  (ten) distort and belittle the content of the excellent national cultural tradition.

  For example:

  41. Tampering with famous works and distorting the spiritual essence of the original works;

  42. Subverting the important figures in the classics;

  43. Violating the basic historical conclusion and arbitrarily misinterpreting history;

  44. Playful or over-entertaining performance of history, especially revolutionary history;

  (eleven) malicious slander or damage the image of the people’s army, national security, police, administration, justice and other national public servants and the image of communist party and party member.

  For example:

  45. Malicious interception of fragments of law enforcement work of law enforcement personnel, creating a violent law enforcement effect for law enforcement personnel;

  46. Spreading unconfirmed fights, assemblies, processions, protests and petitions by people wearing military uniforms, pretending to be public servants such as the People’s Army, national security, police, administration and justice, and swindling and confusing people in public;

  47. When showing the image of the People’s Liberation Army, the language is exaggerated and there is a problem of pan-entertainment;

  (twelve) beautify the content of negative and negative characters.

  For example:

  48. To provide a publicity platform for all kinds of criminals, including drug addicts and prostitutes, and to highlight their positive aspects;

  49. Singing praises to the negative characters who have been identified;

  (thirteen) to promote feudal superstition, contrary to the scientific spirit of the content

  For example:

  50. Set up channels, sections and personal homepages for jumping into the gods, breaking the traditional life, witchcraft, stabbing villains, Dojo practices, and promoting feudal superstitious ideas such as witchcraft practices;

  51. Advocating changing people’s destiny through magic;

  52. Propagandizing feudal superstition through folk classics and legends;

  (fourteen) to promote the content of bad, negative and decadent outlook on life, world outlook and values.

  For example:

  53. Propagandize bad values such as the supremacy of flow, extravagant enjoyment, showing off wealth and money worship, and showing a decadent life that violates ethics;

  54. Show the chaos of "rice circle" and bad fan culture, advocate hype, abnormal aesthetics, crazy idolize, irrational voice of fans and support, and celebrity scandal;

  55. Propagandizing and publicizing funeral culture and suicide games;

  56. Showing sympathy, supporting extramarital affairs and one-night stands;

  (fifteen) the content of rendering violent and bloody, showing ugly behavior and scary scenes.

  For example:

  57. Showing rampant acts such as gang fighting, murder, violent debt collection, recruiting thugs, hiring murderers, etc. by evil forces;

  58. Showing in detail the violent, cruel, horrible and extreme criminal process and physical and mental abuse;

  59. Carefully show the extremely excited physiological state and distorted expression after taking drugs, and show all kinds of drug-taking tools and drug-taking methods that are easy to cause imitation;

  60. Showing bad customs and ugliness culture in detail;

  61. Showing in detail gambling devices such as slot machines, coin pushing machines, fishing machines, scorers and cheaters, as well as gambling skills and behaviors such as Qianshu and Anti-Qianshu;

  62. Pictures, lines, music and sound effects that show excessive physical pain and hysteria and may cause strong sensory and mental stimulation to ordinary viewers, thus causing physical and mental panic, anxiety, disgust, nausea and other discomfort;

  63. Advocating violence with violence and advocating extreme revenge psychology and behavior;

  (sixteen) display obscenity and pornography, render vulgar and vulgar tastes, and promote unhealthy and non-mainstream views on marriage and love.

  For example:

  64. Specifically showing the plots of prostitution, whoring, fornication, rape, etc., directly showing sexual behavior, moaning, calling for bed and other sounds and special effects;

  65. In the video, obscene pornographic information is used as bait for diversion;

  66. Shooting and displaying the "red light district", nightclubs and bathing and massage places with sex trade content by way of novelty hunting and publicity;

  67. Showing and exhibiting abnormal sexual relations and behaviors;

  68. Displaying and propagating unhealthy and non-mainstream views on marriage and love and the state of marriage and love;

  69. Showing pictures, lines, music and sound effects of kissing, caressing, showering and similar indirect expressions or hints related to sexual behavior, with obvious sexual teasing, sexual harassment, sexual insult or similar effects, showing male and female organs, or covering up the hidden parts of the human body with only limbs or with a very small cover and exposing clothes excessively;

  70. Using vulgar language to show vulgar behavior;

  71. Expressing the content that makes people associate with sexual behavior and sexual organs in obscure and vulgar language;

  72. Taking the "full version", "unabridged version", "unabridged version", "deleted fragment" and "assembled version" of the film and television drama whose adult films, erotic films films and third-level films have been audited and deleted as the title, classification or promotion of video programs;

  73. Taking candid photos, naked photos, dew points and all kinds of provocative and suggestive words or pictures as the title, classification or promotion of video programs;

  (seventeen) insult, slander, derogatory, spoof others’ content.

  For example:

  74. Insulting, slandering, belittling or spoofing the image and reputation of historical figures and other real figures;

  75. Disdaining or spoofing the national leaders of other countries, which may cause international disputes or cause adverse international influence;

  76. Insulting or degrading the professional identity, social status, physical characteristics and health status of others;

  (eighteen) contrary to social morality, vulgar style, serious entertainment content.

  For example:

  77. Depicting major natural disasters, accidents, terrorist incidents, wars and other disaster scenes in a spoof way;

  78. Showing fights, humiliating others or using foul language in a positive and approving tone or by introducing imitation;

  79. The content is shallow, which violates public order and good customs and disrupts the order of public places;

  80. Spreading false charity and false positive energy by fabricating the facts of charitable donation, fabricating and exaggerating the tragic life experience of others, etc.;

  (nineteen) content that is not conducive to the healthy growth of minors.

  For example:

  81. Showing puppy love among minors, and smoking, drinking, fighting, drug abuse and other bad behaviors;

  82. The characters are too exaggerated and weird, which has a bad influence on minors;

  83. Making use of minors to produce bad programs;

  84. Infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of minors or damage their physical and mental health;

  (twenty) to publicize and beautify the contents of the war of aggression and colonial history in history.

  For example:

  85. Advocating fascism, extreme nationalism and racism;

  86. Ignoring or ignoring the aggression of the unjust side in the war of aggression, but highlighting some mistakes of the just side;

  87. Using words, titles and pictures with colonial overtones;

  (twenty-one) other contents that violate the relevant provisions of the state and social ethics.

  For example:

  88. The political content, classic culture and serious historical culture are over-entertained, and the mainstream values are dispelled, and the mainstream values are "low-level red and senior black";

  89. Programs produced or participated in by specific organizations or individuals engaged in anti-China, anti-Party, separatist, cult and terrorist activities, and the channels, sections, homepages and accounts opened by them;

  90. Illegal news editing and dissemination involving politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, major social, cultural, scientific and technological, health, education, sports and other important sensitive activities and events;

  91. Programs produced or participated in by those who commit crimes or scandals, or those who vindicate those who commit crimes or scandals;

  92. Illegally broadcasting clips of movies, TV dramas and online TV dramas that have not been approved by the state, and all kinds of overseas audio-visual programs and clips that have not been approved for introduction, or audio-visual programs and clips that have been explicitly prohibited by the state;

  93. Cutting and adapting various audio-visual programs and fragments such as movies, TV dramas and online TV dramas without authorization;

  94. Violating personal privacy and maliciously exposing other people’s health and illness, private residence, marriage relationship, private space and private activities;

  95. Abuse or misuse the marks, call signs, titles and terms that have been clearly defined by the relevant provisions of the state;

  96. Destroying the ecological environment, maltreating animals, killing and eating animals under state protection;

  97. Showing that an individual holds dangerous controlled articles with lethality;

  98. Luring and abetting the public to participate in virtual currency "mining", trading and speculation;

  99. Embedding illegal and illegal product and service information in the program to mislead the masses through fraud;

  100 other violations of laws, regulations and social public order and good customs.

Will Israel "perform surgery" on Iran’s nuclear program alone?

Topic: picture channel

  


  Profile picture: On November 2, 2006, in a military exercise held in the desert near Qom, a city in central Iran, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard was testing the Meteor -3 medium-range missile. The Iranian military successfully test-fired a number of medium-range "Meteor -3" missiles in the military exercises that began that day. The missile range can cover the whole of Israel and the US military bases in the Middle East. Xinhua news agency


    On December 23, Washington post published a report that surprised readers. The article quoted David Satterfield, senior adviser to the US Secretary of State on Iraq affairs, as saying that the "highest level" in Iran decided to restrain Iraqi Shiite militia and reduce attacks on American soldiers in Iraq. The U.S. official said that Iran restrained the Iraqi Shiite militia it supported, which greatly reduced the number of attacks on the U.S. military by using advanced roadside bombs.


    In an interview with Washington post, Satterfield said that although there may still be roadside bombs flowing into Iraq from Iran, the use of these bombs and the overall attacks have decreased, which must be related to Iran’s policies. Ryan Crocker, the US ambassador to Iraq, will hold the fourth round of talks with the Iranian ambassador to Iraq. Washington post quoted Crocker as saying that if the Iranian side confirmed that such a decision had been made, it would be a good start for the fourth round of talks.


    Other reports also confirmed the above news. On December 21st, General William Fallon, the new commander of American forces in the Middle East, called on Iran to formally stop supporting anti-American militants in Iraq and Afghanistan. He made the remarks after visiting the wounded soldiers in a US military hospital in Germany. These soldiers were injured by powerful roadside bombs provided by Iran in Iraq. After visiting the hospital, Admiral Fallon said that Iran seems to have slowed down and may even have stopped providing such weapons. However, he hoped that Iranian officials would formally end their participation in anti-American activities in Iraq. Fallon said: "We really want to see Iran’s behavior change openly and stop training anti-American elements to use weapons. We know that they have been training like this, and we also know that there was training not long ago. We haven’t seen a signal that we really want to see, so we have to speculate on the reasons for the decrease in bombings compared with the past few months. "


    It is reported that Iran seems to have slowed down the delivery of weapons to Iraq after a high-level meeting between the leaders of the United States and Iran. However, Admiral Fallon said that it is not clear whether the situation has changed because of policy changes or other reasons. Fallon said that American and Iranian diplomats have held three talks on the situation in Iraq, and he expects to hold another meeting before the end of this month. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates also said that the turbulent situation in Iraq has obviously improved, especially in the past three months, the number of terrorist violence incidents has decreased by 62%, and the situation in Iraq is still improving. Therefore, some American troops stationed in Iraq will soon withdraw to China. Some commentators believe that this is a subtle change between the two countries after the US National Intelligence Agency announced that Iran stopped developing nuclear weapons.


    Has Iran misinterpreted the US security assessment?


    On December 3, the National Intelligence Assessment Report issued by the National Intelligence Agency of the United States pointed out that they had "high confidence" that Iran had suspended its nuclear weapons program at the end of 2003 under international pressure and no longer sought to become a nuclear weapon state. The declassified report pointed out that Iran did not restart this nuclear weapons program.


    It is reported that Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his cronies were very happy when they saw the report, and they thought that they had won the battle and made a great achievement. Ahmadinejad said that this is the greatest achievement of Iran in the past 100 years, and its importance exceeds the nationalization of oil companies. Later, some experts studied the report carefully and began to read between the lines. They said to Ahmadinejad, don’t be too happy. The Americans gave us a very clever report. First, the report says that Iran has a military plan. This is the first time. Although Americans always say this, this is the first time it has been written in a report. This is a valuable report published by 16 intelligence agencies in the United States.


    As a result, the Iranian side began to worry, and most people in the Iranian leadership were worried about the results of the report. They are thinking, what are the consequences? What is Bush’s idea? As for other Iranians, many of them are disappointed. In their view, the Iranian authorities are indeed trying to develop nuclear weapons. These people think that the United States has made concessions to the Iranian authorities. Recently, however, critics, journalists and others have been explaining to Iranians that this is not a concession. On the contrary, Americans are saying that Iranians have the ability to develop nuclear weapons. The United States continues to put pressure on Iran over its nuclear program and calls on the United Nations to take new sanctions against Iran. The United States may resume its military plan at any time.


    Experts believe that the U.S. intelligence assessment report mainly talks about the capability and intention of Iran’s nuclear program, that is, whether Iran is trying to make nuclear weapons. The difference between this assessment report and the 2005 report is that the 2005 report said that Americans thought Iran had a nuclear weapons program, but this year’s report thought Iran didn’t. The 2005 report said that if Iranians want to make nuclear weapons, they will be able to make nuclear weapons between 2010 and 2015. This year’s assessment report retains this statement.


    Israel has a "criminal record" of "performing surgery" on Iraq’s nuclear program.


    Israelis have completely different conclusions about Iran’s nuclear program. After the publication of the US National Intelligence Assessment Report by the US National Intelligence Agency, Israel categorically rejected the report. Israeli Defense Minister Barak said he thought the report was incomplete. He said that he believes that Iran has restarted its nuclear weapons program and Israel will solve the Iranian nuclear issue through its own way. For a time, the saying that Israel may "perform surgery" on Iran’s nuclear facilities spread.


    American experts analyzed that Israel is really worried about Iran and Iran’s acquisition of nuclear weapons. Ahmadinejad’s remarks also give them reason to worry. Israel has publicly stated that if the United States and other countries do not solve the issue of Iran’s nuclear weapons, Israel will act alone. Israel is so small that it can be easily defeated by a nuclear attack, so they can’t let Iran develop nuclear weapons. It is for this reason that Israel bombed Syria’s nuclear research facilities earlier this year. The international community has not protested against this. Israel knows that if they take action against Iran, there will be no objection. Some people may express it in form, but they will not really object. French President Nicolas Sarkozy also said recently that he was worried that if Israel thought Iran was no longer under diplomatic pressure, it might take some kind of "unilateral action" against Iran’s nuclear program. The French president also said that there was a danger of war between Israel and Iran.


    In fact, Israel has always wanted to destroy Iran’s nuclear facilities. As early as Sharon was in power, the tough Israeli Prime Minister said that Israel could not allow Iran to become a country with nuclear power. Israel has been preparing to destroy Iran’s nuclear facilities, and it also has the ability. When it comes to using force against Iraq, Israel is indeed "ahead of the United States." As early as 1981, Israel carried out a "surgical" air raid on the Ausilla nuclear reactor near the Iraqi capital Baghdad. On Sunday, June 7 of that year. Bei Jing, then Prime Minister, held an emergency cabinet meeting at his official residence in Jerusalem, and decided to carry out an air strike on the Iraqi "Tammuz 1" nuclear reactor, code-named "Operation Babylon". The Israeli Air Force selected top pilots to fly 14 fighters to form a commando team. In the afternoon, Israeli fighter formations evaded Iraqi radar and sneaked into Baghdad. After locking the target, Israeli warplanes dropped all the bombshells they carried. The whole air raid took less than 2 minutes. The "Tammuz-1" nuclear reactor was completely destroyed, a secret underground laboratory was also destroyed by high-explosive bombs, and two other buildings were also severely damaged. A young French scientist was killed on the spot. Although Iraqi anti-aircraft artillery fired back fiercely, it failed to hit the Israeli plane. At about 7 pm, all the participating planes returned to Israel safely.


    Some commentators believe that Israel today is not Israel then, and of course, Iran now is not Iraq then. Iran believes that even if the United States does not attack Iran, Israel will eventually attack it. Therefore, there are two preparations and military preparations. Iran has a powerful revolutionary guard and now has a unified command system. Iran has also conducted new missile tests. Iran has set up secret organizations overseas, and then these organizations can launch attacks on American interests. Iranians believe that there is a real possibility of war. It is reported that Iran’s nuclear projects are hidden in reinforced underground facilities and scattered all over the country. These targets have a longer range than Syrian targets, and Israel must strengthen its attack capability to destroy these distant targets. This is very difficult for Israel. If the current dispute between the United States and Iran shows signs of mutual compromise, it will mean that the contradiction between Israel and Iran will intensify. How the relationship between the two countries has evolved is worthy of attention. (old)

Editor: Li Xiuwei

Congestion charges are repeatedly mentioned! Why is it difficult to levy? Can it really be blocked?

This article was transferred from [China News Network];
Some experts in the industry pointed out that congestion charges should not be discussed and considered separately, but comprehensive policies should be considered for the purpose of alleviating congestion.
On December 7, the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission said that the relevant departments of Beijing will further study and demonstrate other policy suggestions such as congestion charges and suburban licenses in combination with the implementation of the overall urban planning.
When this statement came out, it once again triggered public concern about congestion charges. Some people exclaimed: Does this mean that congestion charges are coming?
Congestion fee, "only hear the voice but not the person"
The so-called congestion charge refers to the price adjustment means of charging a certain fee to road users in some areas during the traffic congestion period. In fact, Beijing has been studying congestion charges for ten years.
As early as December 2010, Beijing introduced 28 measures to alleviate traffic congestion, and "researched and formulated traffic congestion charging schemes for key congested road sections or regions, and implemented them at the right time", which was the first time that the topic of collecting congestion fees appeared.
Data map. China News Agency issued Liu Zhen photo
Since then, the Beijing Clean Air Action Plan for 2013-2017, released in September 2013, requires the Beijing Municipal Commission of Communications and the former Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau to take the lead in "studying the congestion charges levy scheme for urban low-emission areas". This indicates that the congestion charge has officially entered the official topic, but the wording of the implementation scope has changed from the previous congested road sections and areas to urban low-emission areas.
After 2013, news related to congestion charges will be reported almost every year. For example, at the beginning of 2014, when the former Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau issued the Detailed Rules for the Supervision of Mobile Pollution Sources in the City in 2014, the media reported that this policy would be completed in 2014 and implemented in 2015 at the earliest.
Up to now, reports of congestion charges have appeared in newspapers from time to time, but they still "only hear their voices but not their people". What is the difficulty in collecting congestion charges? This may be found in some official statements in the past.
Rong Jun, spokesman of the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission, said during the two sessions in Beijing in 2017 that there is no timetable for the implementation of the congestion charge policy, and the policy involves a wide range, and the government will carefully study it. It is uncertain whether it is called congestion charge, emission reduction charge or both. In addition, it is necessary to fully study the specific charging methods, technical paths and charging areas.
To whom and how?
Different experts have different views on the charging methods and technical means of congestion charge.
Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the All-China Federation of Riders, told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that the congestion fee should be mainly levied on the congested roads in the main city, and the collection targets are mainly vehicles entering and leaving the main city, and it should be levied according to the standards such as the length or times of travel, and at the same time, it should be taken care of for some special circumstances, such as the travel of residents in the main city, commuting and so on.
"At the beginning of the congestion charge collection, the collection standard should be relatively low. For short-frequency trips, exemption conditions can be appropriately provided. For long-term occupation of road resources, congestion charges can be collected through the accumulation of times or time, which basically does not increase travel costs for ordinary people." Cui Dongshu said.
Data Map: Buses and private cars driving on the roads in Beijing. China News Service reporter Jia Tianyong photo
"’Charging by time section’ can effectively control congestion." Xue Zhaofeng, an economist, said in an interview that the specific method is to set the driving speed of "moderate congestion" first. With this as the goal, the congestion rate of roads will be adjusted in real time, publicized by electronic display boards and wireless broadcasting, and the license plates of passing vehicles will be recorded by cameras, and the congestion fee will be notified and collected afterwards. After a period of adjustment, the congestion rate at different time periods will be stabilized, and the car owners can form more accurate expectations and make the travel demand more reasonable.
In 2020, the topic that has been delayed for ten years has been brought up again. Is it time to collect congestion charges?
Cui Dongshu believes that the technical means of collecting congestion charges in the past were immature, but now with the development of vehicle identification system, ETC and other technologies, the conditions have been met. Moreover, on the basis of private cars in the past, the occupation of road resources by online car is also very serious, so vehicles that occupy more road resources should bear certain congestion fees.
Cui Dongshu also pointed out that comprehensive measures should be taken to alleviate traffic congestion. Congestion fee is an important measure, but it should be matched with the improvement of public transport capacity, otherwise it will not be effective to only collect money, and the opinions of ordinary people will be great.
Data Map: Passengers take a bus in Beijing in an orderly manner. China News Service reporter Jia Tianyong photo
World experience of congestion charge
Congestion fees have been practiced all over the world for a long time. How are they collected and what is the effect of alleviating congestion?
The first country in the world to implement congestion charge is Singapore. Since 1975, in the control area of 6 square kilometers in the city center, if vehicles with fewer than 4 passengers enter the area from 7: 30 to 10: 15 in the morning, they must show their purchased traffic permits, and the license price is about 2.5 US dollars/day (1.3 US dollars/day in the first few years).
In international metropolises, congestion charges has been levied in London, England since 2003. The charging standard is that every car enters the toll area and pays a one-time "entry fee" of 5 pounds per day. After several price adjustments, the congestion charges in London has risen to 11.5 pounds.
After the implementation of congestion charge in Singapore, the traffic volume entering the control area has dropped by about half and remained at a low level. However, the situation in London is just the opposite. After the introduction of the congestion charges levy scheme, the income in 2007 reached 800 million pounds. However, the traffic situation has not improved, only at the beginning of the congestion charge, but the policy continued to be congested soon after implementation, and even the more it was collected, the more it was blocked.
According to Zhao Jian, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Beijing Jiaotong University, the success of the Singapore model is due to the small land area and the earliest charging in a small area of 6 square kilometers. The principle of "who uses and pays" is easy to operate in practice. "Beijing is now full of congestion with tidal characteristics, and it is difficult to define the charging area and time of congestion charges."
Data Map: A beijing subway changping line train enters Shahe Higher Education Park Station. China News Service reporter Hou Yushe
Alleviating congestion requires comprehensive measures
From the public’s point of view, if the congestion charge is charged, the travel experience has not improved, which is obviously unacceptable.
Some experts also have doubts about the implementation effect of congestion charge. Zhi Zhenfeng, a researcher at the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, had previously worried that "after the congestion charge is levied, the intensity of car use in Beijing will decrease accordingly, and the pressure on public transportation will increase. If the public transport transfer and congestion are not improved, the car will be forced to the road again. "
In response to this concern, some experts in the industry pointed out that congestion control should not be discussed and considered separately, but should consider comprehensive policies for the purpose of alleviating congestion.
"Has the existing policy been used to the extreme? Is there room for improvement? Compared with other measures, which one is better? Congestion fee is a controversial and last resort, and there is no need to discuss such specific issues as charging methods. " Cheng Shidong, director of the Urban Transportation Office of the Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, told the reporter of Zhongxin.com.
During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2016, Yang Chuantang, Party Secretary of the Ministry of Transport, once said that to solve the traffic problems in big cities, it is necessary to "combine unblocking with comprehensive management".
Yang Chuantang said, "First of all, we should give priority to the development of urban public transport, and promote the optimization of public transport to become a public travel habit. Second, we should strengthen the guidance of transportation planning, and establish a model of urban development oriented by urban public transportation through integrated transportation planning and comprehensive development and construction. Third, we should speed up the system construction of urban intelligent transportation and improve the level and operational efficiency of urban traffic management. Fourth, we must strengthen the comprehensive management of urban traffic to improve the utilization efficiency of traffic resources. "
Buses on the streets of Beijing. Zhongxin.com reporter Zhang Xu photo
Cheng Shidong also holds a similar view. He believes that the root of congestion lies in the lack of road resources, so we should encourage everyone to use green modes of travel such as public transportation and bicycles and drive as little as possible. In order to achieve this goal, the government should better provide public basic services, tap the potential of public transportation, increase the proportion of bus lanes, form a network, and improve the right of way of public transportation; The construction of rail transit should also be continuously promoted to meet the needs of the people; There is still much room for improvement in the cycling experience of bicycle lanes.
Cheng Shidong said, "77% of Manhattan residents don’t buy a car, and the proportion of Hong Kong residents buying a car is a quarter of that of Beijing. On the one hand, the reason is that these two cities have done a good job in public transportation, and people don’t need to buy a car; On the other hand, a parking space in Hong Kong is 2 million Hong Kong dollars, and Manhattan is also very high. Marketization of parking fees is an economic means to reduce congestion, which I think is better than charging congestion fees. "
"The collection of congestion charges is a means to be considered after all the means to control congestion have been exhausted." In Cheng Shidong’s view, "policies need to be compared. If people’s needs are met by improving public transport capacity, or if road users pay their due price by means of marketization of parking fees, congestion can be alleviated, and there is no need to implement congestion charges. "
What do you think about whether congestion charges should be levied in big cities?
Author: Zhang Xu
Reporting/feedback