Originated in England. In the 17th century, boatmen on the Thames often held boat races. In 1715, the first rowing competition was held to celebrate the coronation of the British king. In 1775, Britain formulated the rules of rowing competition and established the rowing club in the same year. In 1811, Eton College held the first eight-person rowing competition. In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition. In 1839, the rowing cup was held. In 1846, the British installed a paddle rack on the side of the boat, which lengthened the length of the paddle and improved the rowing effect. In 1847, the outer keel boat with overlapping plates was converted into a smooth inner keel boat, which improved the speed of rowing. In 1857, Babcock of the United States invented the sliding seat (said to be invented by Belgian athletes in 1865). When rowing, athletes can move back and forth to increase their leg strength. In 1882, the Russians changed the closed paddle into a movable paddle ring, which increased the rowing range. Rowing is similar to weaving shuttle, with two sharp and narrow ends. The materials, shapes and sizes of boats, paddles and paddle racks are not limited in principle, and are usually made of aluminum alloy or glass fiber reinforced plastic. The boat is equipped with a seat plate with pulleys, which can slide on two tracks. When rowing, athletes push their legs and pull their arms. Rowing is divided into events according to the number of passengers, weight, whether there is a helmsman or not, and whether to use single paddle or double paddle. The lightest weight of the helmsman is 50 kg for men and 45 kg for women. When the weight is insufficient, corresponding weights should be added and placed in the nearest place to the helmsman.Men have 10 events: single sculls, double sculls, lightweight double sculls, double single sculls without helmsman, double single sculls with helmsman, four single sculls without helmsman, lightweight single sculls with helmsman, four single sculls with helmsman and eight single sculls with helmsman, while women have single sculls, double sculls, lightweight double sculls, double single sculls without helmsman and four people. The race is 2000 meters for men and 1000 meters for women. Each channel is 2200 meters long and 12.5~15.0 meters wide, with 6 channels in general and 8 channels at most. Athletes must complete the race in their own channel. The ranking is determined by the order in which the bow reaches the finish line. Men’s rowing was listed as an event in the first Olympic Games in 1896, but it was not held because of the waves, and it was listed again in 1900. Women’s rowing was included in the Olympic Games in 1976.

　　In the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, there were men’s single sculls, double sculls without helmsman, double sculls, four single sculls without helmsman, four single sculls with helmsman, eight single sculls with helmsman, lightweight double sculls and lightweight four single sculls without helmsman. Women’s single sculls, double sculls, double sculls without a helmsman, four sculls with a helmsman, eight sculls with a helmsman, lightweight sculls with 14 events, a total of 275 athletes participated. The entry qualification is based on boats, and each association has a maximum of one boat for each event. There are three ways to qualify for the competition: first, the 1999 World Championship, second, the Olympic qualifiers in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and finally, the qualifiers held in Europe where all associations except Africa, Asia and Latin America can participate.

　　The rowing competition of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games will be held in the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Center for 8 days, from August 15th to 22nd. It is estimated that 550 male and female experts from all over the world will participate in the competition, including 358 male players and 192 female players.

　　The single sculls boat is 8 meters long, 20 centimeters wide, and the lightest weight is 14 kilograms. There is an oar on each side of the boat. When rowing, the athletes turn their backs to the bow, sit on the seat plate that slides back and forth, and push their legs and pull their arms. Use the power of the left and right paddles to control the course. Men’s and women’s single sculls were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　The double sculls are 9.90 meters long, 35 centimeters wide and 27 kilograms lightest. There are two oars on each side of the boat. When rowing, two athletes sit back and forth on the sliding seat board, with their legs pedaled and their arms pulled, and paddle in coordination. Use the power of the left and right paddles to control the course. Men’s and women’s sculls were listed as Olympic events in 1904 and 1976 respectively.

　　The coxswain with double oars and single oar is 9.90 meters long, 35 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 27 kilograms. Paddle racks are installed on both sides of the boat, with one paddle on the front left and one paddle on the rear right. There is a rudder at the stern, and the athlete controls the direction with his feet. When rowing, two athletes sit back and forth on the sliding seat board, with their legs pedaled and their arms pulled, and paddle in coordination. Men’s and women’s double single oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　A double oar with a helmsman is 10 meters long, 35 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 32 kilograms. There are paddle racks on both sides of the boat, with one paddle on the front left and one paddle on the rear right. The bow or stern of the boat has a rudder, and the athlete controls the direction with his feet. When rowing, two athletes sit back and forth on the sliding seat, their legs are pushed and their arms are pulled, and they paddle in coordination. A helmsman uses the rudder to control the direction. Men’s and women’s double oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　The four-person sculls are 12.50m long, 49cm wide and 52kg lightest. The two sides of the boat are equipped with four auxiliary paddles in turn, and the stern of the boat is equipped with a steel cable soft handle rudder. When rowing, four athletes are seated in front of each other, each holding a pair of paddles, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. Among them, rower No.1 controls the course with his right foot. Only for men, it was listed as an Olympic event in 1976.

　　The four-person single-oar helmsman is 12.50 meters long, 49 centimeters wide and 50 kilograms lightest. The two sides of the boat are crossed with four auxiliary paddles with rudders. When rowing, four athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. One of them steered with his feet to control the course. Only for men, it was listed as an Olympic event in 1900.

　　The four-person single oar has a helmsman with a length of 13.25 meters, a width of 49 centimeters and a minimum weight of 51 kilograms. Four auxiliary paddles are crossed on both sides of the boat. A rudder is installed at the bow or stern of the boat. When rowing, four athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. The helmsman controls the course. Men’s and women’s four-person single oar with helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively. Eight people with a single paddle have a helmsman. The coxswain is 17 meters long, 57 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 96 kilograms. There are eight paddle racks crossed on both sides of the boat. A rudder is installed at the bow or stern of the boat. When rowing, eight athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. The helmsman controls the course. The No.8 athlete near the stern is the oarsman, who controls the rowing speed and rhythm. Men’s and women’s eight-person single oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　Eight people with a single paddle have a helmsman. The coxswain is 17 meters long, 57 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 96 kilograms. There are 8 paddle racks crossed on both sides of the boat. A rudder is installed at the bow and stern of the boat. When rowing, eight athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. The helmsman controls the course. The No.8 athlete near the stern is the oarsman, who controls the rowing speed and rhythm. Men’s and women’s eight-person single oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively. (Information according to the Chinese Olympic Committee)

"double 11" has just ended, and the courier brother is still busy. With the rounds of e-commerce wars, China’s express delivery industry has developed rapidly. As an important tool of urban distribution, it plays an increasingly important role.

From the current truck market, the mainstream brands are, New, and Transit series. The latter two, as imported models in China, have not been able to keep up with the pace of upgrading abroad due to various restrictions, leaving some old impressions on everyone. However, in fact, in the field of closed trucks, the development technology abroad is much more advanced. Previously, foreign media released a set of test drive reviews for 2015 Ford Transit, 2015 Mercedes -Sprinter, and 2014 Pro, which let us feel the current level of imported closed trucks.

● 　2014 dodgeProMaster The product of patchwork

After some tests, foreign media gave an evaluation of the ProMaster car, with sharp words and no mercy. they thinkProMasterIt is the product of patchwork, completely on the basis of Ducato, changing the logo on the top, and making up the number. In the cross comments with Mercedes-Benz Sprinter and Ford Transit,ProMasterIt was a terrible loss. Due to the poor performance of this car’s single clutch and automatic integration, a foreign colleague even showed it zero; While others only gave a sympathy score of one point. The people who participated in the test said that the gearbox of this car had a strong sense of frustration when shifting gears; Sitting in the car, the stability of the car is poor, the sense of bumps is strong, and it is a little scary. Xiao bian saw here that this is very serious for a car, and even the comfort of riding can’t be guaranteed. What else can I mention?

In terms of power, the Dodge ProMaster is equipped with a 3-liter inline 4-cylinder turbo diesel engine, which has relatively strong power. However, in the test, although it has the lightest weight and the shortest vehicle length, its acceleration time of 0-96km/h is two seconds slower than other models. Secondly, the braking distance of ProMaster is the longest among the participating models. In addition, colleagues also reported that ProMaster’s cab was narrow and lacked space, so the driver could not stretch out when sitting in it. The problems mentioned in the above small series are the reasons for ProMaster’s poor driving experience.

● 2015 Mercedes BenzSprinter superiority has become a habit.

Although Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is compared as a new model, the name Sprinter is not unfamiliar. There are Sprinter, Dodge Sprinter and Mercedes Sprinter today, and many models come down in one continuous line with the same quality.

Sprinter, which participated in this test, is equipped with a small diesel engine, and an optional partition is provided between the main and auxiliary drivers and the cargo compartment, which has a certain effect on isolating the noise from the cab.

Xiao Bian saw that the owner also placed a sofa, a small square table in the cargo compartment, and even posted a Mito poster. In particular, it has a feeling of home, which can be used as an RV. It can be seen that the space in the cargo compartment is really large enough.

Sprinter’s main driver’s seat, although in a higher position, is much more comfortable than the ram ProMaster, and the driver can easily reach the steering wheel when sitting on it, which is ergonomic. In addition, the steering system of this car is excellent, and its flexibility is even better than that of today’s Mercedes-Benz cars.

In terms of power, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is matched with a 2.1-liter four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine, although the power and torque output of this engine is the smallest among the models participating in the test. However, due to a 7-speed automatic gearbox, the shift is smooth, and the acceleration time of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is quite satisfactory, and the acceleration of 0-96km/h takes 11.4 seconds. The top speed of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is set at 133km/h, which is considered by foreign colleagues to be a waste for this big guy. Even at a higher speed, Sprinter can easily cope with it.

● 2015 FordTransit belly can be loaded with explosive force

Card friends who are familiar with Ford know that Ford often matches the twin-turbo V6 gasoline engine for its own models, which is full of power and can kill all Van models. However, the Ford Transit, which participated in the test this time, was equipped with a 3.2-liter inline 5-cylinder. Although the diesel engine is replaced, Transit still wins by absolute advantage in power, which can bring the fastest acceleration to Transit under the same fuel consumption.

Transit not only accelerates quickly, but also carries an amazing load, which can carry about 185 kilograms more goods than Sprinter. In addition, this model is very suitable for logistics transportation, and its pedal height is moderate, which is convenient for loading and unloading goods. The ability to effectively resist crosswind, good braking performance, and the "big car" give people a feeling that Transit is like an enlarged version of Ford Flex.

After testing Transit, foreign counterparts said that this car is very easy to drive, and even joked that Transit can pull more beer, comparable to Dodge A100 in the 1960s.

Xiaobian mentioned in the article that foreign media participated in the evaluation and gave corresponding scores. Card friends can refer to it if they are interested. See the next page for the attached table. (Source: car and driver Compilation/Truck House Zhang Yajing)

● Evaluation score table of three Van models.

● Related reading:

Repair both inside and outside, dodge Van model is upgraded and attacked again.

Transit VAN turned into a big stomach king with 6 people and 36 people!

　　(Reporter Xie Li) Beijing’s "high fever" persists, and the number of days exceeding 40 C in a row has broken records. Today, the working day is coming again, and the public is paying more and more attention to the definition of high temperature allowance and how to distribute it. In this regard, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from relevant departments that when the daily maximum temperature reaches above 40℃, the employer should stop outdoor open-air operations on that day. The Beijing Labor and Social Security Supervision Corps pointed out that employers can complain and report to the administrative department of human resources and social security without paying high-temperature allowance.

　　It is understood that the high temperature allowance refers to the allowance paid to workers by employers such as enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations that arrange workers’ operations during high temperature operations and high temperature weather. If the employing unit arranges the workers to work in the open air in hot weather and cannot take effective measures to reduce the temperature of the workplace to below 33℃ (excluding 33℃), it shall pay the high temperature allowance to the workers and incorporate it into the total wages.

　　So, can the distribution of heatstroke prevention drinks replace the high temperature allowance? The relevant departments responded that the employer should provide enough heatstroke prevention and cooling drinks and necessary drugs for workers working in high temperature and high temperature weather. However, it is not allowed to provide heatstroke prevention and cooling drinks instead of giving money and things. Heatstroke prevention and cooling drinks shall not be used to offset the high temperature allowance. Workers who suffer from heatstroke due to high-temperature operation or high-temperature weather operation and are diagnosed as occupational diseases can enjoy work-related injury insurance benefits.

　　According to relevant departments, Beijing’s high temperature allowance will be issued from June to August. At present, Beijing’s distribution standards are: outdoor outdoor workers are not less than 180 yuan per person per month; Personnel working in indoor workplaces above 33℃ (including 33℃) shall be no less than 120 yuan per person per month.

　　For the case that the employer does not issue the high-temperature allowance, the Beijing Labor and Social Security Supervision Corps said that it can complain and report to the administrative department of human resources and social security. "You can complain at the reception service window of labor security supervision in the workplace; You can also call 12333 or send it to the urban labor security supervision department in the form of letters; Or you can defend your rights through official website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and WeChat WeChat official account of Beijing People’s Society ‘ QR code ’ Make complaints and reports. " The relevant person in charge said.

　　In addition, the Beijing Municipal Labor and Social Security Supervision Corps suggested that if the daily maximum temperature reaches above 40℃, the employer should stop outdoor open-air operations on that day; When the daily maximum temperature reaches 37℃ or above and 40℃ or below, the employer shall not arrange outdoor open-air operation for workers for more than 6 hours in total, and the continuous operation time shall not exceed the national regulations, and outdoor open-air operation shall not be arranged within 3 hours in the highest temperature period; When the daily maximum temperature reaches above 35℃ and below 37℃, the employer shall not arrange outdoor workers to work overtime.

　　highlight

　　For the first time, the city suffered a "triple whammy" of extreme high temperature of 40 C.

　　Yesterday, the highest temperature in the observatory in the southern suburbs of Beijing was fixed at 40.0℃, which was the third consecutive day (June 22-June 24) that the station experienced high temperature above 40℃, and it was also the first time in the history of meteorological observation in Beijing that it encountered a "triple whammy" of extreme high temperature of 40℃. It is expected that the maximum daytime temperature in Beijing will drop in the next two days, but the atmospheric humidity will increase in these two days, and the sultry feeling will be enhanced. The citizens’ heatstroke prevention and cooling work cannot be relaxed.

　　Yesterday morning, the lowest temperature in the southern suburbs observatory was as high as 26.4℃. In the morning, the temperature rose rapidly, and the temperature in the observatory reached 37℃ at 11 o’clock. From afternoon to evening, the south wind is mixed with heat waves, and the rolling heat waves make people feel even hotter. According to the monitoring of the meteorological department, the highest temperature in most parts of the city was 38℃ to 40℃ during the day on the 24th. As of 17: 00 yesterday, the highest temperature of 376 of the 556 meteorological monitoring stations in the city reached 39℃ and above (accounting for 68%), and the highest temperature of 265 stations reached 40℃ and above (accounting for 48%).

　　Yesterday afternoon, the highest temperature in the southern suburb observatory reached 40.0℃, which has been above 40℃ for three consecutive days. Among them, it was 41.1℃ on the 22nd and 40.3℃ on the 23rd. This is the first time in the history of meteorological observation in Beijing to encounter the "triple whammy" of extreme high temperature of 40℃. The continuous high temperature record of 40℃ in Beijing was thus refreshed to 3 days. According to statistics, the number of high temperature days in Beijing (≥ 35℃) is 10.6 days. Now that June is not over, Beijing has overfulfilled this year’s high temperature days ahead of schedule.

　　It is predicted by the meteorological department that although it is still sunny in partly cloudy today, the maximum temperature in Beijing will drop to about 37℃ due to the weakening of the high-altitude heating mass affecting North China. On the 26th, with the increase of clouds in the sky, there will be thunderstorms in most parts of the city from afternoon to evening, and the highest temperature is expected to be around 35℃. The Municipal Meteorological Observatory downgraded and issued a yellow warning signal for high temperature at 21: 00 on the 24th. Although the temperature has dropped slightly, the air humidity will increase in the past two days, and the sultry feeling will be enhanced. The citizens’ heatstroke prevention and cooling work still cannot be relaxed.

　　From next Tuesday (27th), the temperature in Beijing will rise again. It is estimated that the hot weather in this city will continue from 27th to 30th, with the highest temperature at 36℃ to 38℃ during the day. Text/reporter Zhao Tingting

　　Cctv newsOn the evening of October 23rd, EZZY, a shared car brand operating in Beijing, suddenly announced the dissolution of the company to its employees. A person familiar with the matter said that the company has set up a liquidation committee at present, and is going through legal procedures, and solutions to various problems, including deposit disposal, will be released in the near future.

　　In recent years, China’s car rental industry has shown a rapid development trend, especially with the wide application of mobile internet technology and the promotion of new energy vehicles, the car sharing model, also known as time-sharing rental, has emerged in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

　　According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2016, there were more than 370 shared car platforms in China, and more than 100 were put into operation. Among them, EZZY shared car of Beijing Dameng Technology Co., Ltd., with high-end cars and BMW electric cars as highlights, entered the "high-end shared car market" in Beijing. The founder of the company has publicly stated that EZZY has registered 100,000 users.

　　Employees received "lost contact" from the founder of WeChat "No work tomorrow" late at night.

　　On October 24th, an employee of EZZY, who did not want to be named, said: "On the evening of 23rd, the company suddenly held a high-level meeting, and then informed us through WeChat group that all employees were dissolved and would not have to go to work tomorrow, without explaining the specific reasons."

　　The above-mentioned employees said that their wages were not paid in October, and the company verbally promised to compensate them: "They will not treat us badly", and at the same time asked them to keep their mouths shut and keep all matters of the company confidential.

　　On Sina Weibo, some users said that they had applied to EZZY for a refund of the deposit since September 24, but the company has been delaying it on the grounds of financial evasion. The deposit paid by EZZY members ranges from 1200 to 2000 yuan.

　　It is understood that after the incident, Fu Qiang, the founder of EZZY Company, deleted a large number of media friends in WeChat and blocked the contact information, and was in a state of losing contact with the outside world.

　　Why did EZZY shut down?

　　First of all, EZZY’s distribution volume is seriously insufficient.

　　Some EZZY employees said that before the company stopped operating, there were less than 100 vehicles actually operating in Beijing.

　　The imbalance between supply and demand has aggravated the compliance risk of EZZY: in June this year, it was reported that the shared car provided by EZZY lacked a motor vehicle driving license, which would lead users to violate the Road Traffic Safety Law. In this regard, Fu Qiang once responded that due to the shortage of new cars, the platform had to put some display vehicles into the market.

　　Secondly, the scheduling ability is not strong.

　　According to a person familiar with the matter, EZZY’s vehicle deployment relies heavily on offline labor. When dispatchers dispatch vehicles, they often "11-way walk" mixed with other means of transportation, and the intelligence of background dispatching and data integration is insufficient; In addition, many users park their vehicles in underground garages, residential areas and other areas, which reduces the efficiency of offline scheduling.

　　According to industry insiders, the most important thing to share a car is scheduling. The scheduling efficiency is not high, which will provide operating costs and affect the experience, resulting in the loss of users.

　　Third, the heavy asset business "burns money" too fast.

　　Unlike bike-sharing, where each bicycle costs several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan, the cost of a car starts at tens of thousands of yuan, which is a heavy asset business and burns money quickly. Without a huge employer background and the support of the automobile factory, it is difficult to bargain with the automobile manufacturers. Small and beautiful model, it is difficult to survive in this business.

　　The market capacity of industries with rapid growth of sharing economy is equivalent to 10% of China’s GDP.

　　"Sharing economy" is now well known by more and more consumers, and bike-sharing, shared charging treasure, shared umbrella and shared car have sprung up.

　　According to the report of the National Information Center, the financing scale of the sharing economy industry in China in 2016 was 170 billion, with 600 million consumers enjoying the sharing economy and more than 60 million service providers participating in the sharing economy. At the same time, the growth rate has been very fast in recent years. It is estimated that in 2020, the market capacity of the industry is equivalent to 10% of China’s GDP.

　　But the problem also follows. The exit of bike-sharing such as Wukong Bike and 3Vbike, as well as the behavior of machimachi Bike and Cool Bike that "the deposit is difficult to refund" and even the money is rolled away, have "smeared a black hand" on the bike-sharing industry; The problem of "the deposit is difficult to refund" has also appeared in the field of shared cars, including TOGO Tuge and GOFUN shared cars, and users have fed back similar problems; In the shared charging treasure industry, hippo charging and Letian have been shut down, and Hi Power has been rumored to be laid off.

　　— — CCTV Review — —

　　In the market called sharing, some enterprises are alive and some are already dead; Some products are still promising, while others are short-lived. Without him, "the market is the market after all."

　　The same model, different fate: it is not enough to "share"

　　For example, the vitality of bike-sharing is still going on, but it is difficult to really spread the shared car. The same pattern, different fate, just reflects that it is not possible to "share".

　　Compared with bike-sharing, the most prominent feature of sharing cars is the emphasis on assets, and an important element of sharing economy is precisely economies of scale. Insufficient capital and licenses, not to mention long-term profit expectations, even the start is very difficult, and there is no sufficient market share. The final result is likely to be "thank you for your patronage".

　　Sharing economy is expected to be profitable with boundaries.

　　In the long run, a society where everything is shared seems to meet people’s life expectations; But in the short term, there is indeed a big bubble in the blind development of cluster. In the final analysis, the sharing economy has boundaries. From the most basic point of view, as the "economy" of industry (business), it should have profit expectation.

　　Only from this point of view, it is hard to say that mobike and ofo, which are most praised at present, have found a clear profit model. Furthermore, the profit expectation is based on the fact that products really meet the demand and improve economic efficiency, that is, from the perspective of social and economic efficiency, it should be "economic" rather than "uneconomical".

　　The reason why sharing umbrellas and basketball is short-lived can be attributed to the lack of use scenarios. If even the most basic "opening rate" cannot be guaranteed, the input and output are doomed to be disproportionate.

　　There is no victorious model, only a volatile market.

　　In fact,There is no model of winning every battle, only a changing market.The market is very specific, and it is successful abroad, but it may not be acclimatized in China.

　　For example, Airbnb, a shared residence, is still stumbling in the China market. The reasons are inseparable from the differences in family privacy, the level of social integrity, and the highly competitive reality of low-cost hotels in China. Talking about model promotion without such a business environment will certainly face many subsequent difficulties.

　　Sharing mode also faces industry competition and administrative regulation.

　　Of course, the sharing model also faces industry competition and administrative regulation. Looking at the development history of the group buying industry, we can clearly find that the combination of Internet and big capital indicates the final outcome of monopoly or oligarchy, and the sharing industry is no exception.

　　In recent months, mobike has launched a competitive strategy of riding 5 yuan for one quarter, which is unbearable for small enterprises, and the bike-sharing industry is "fading". At the same time, when the power of quantity control is clearly given to cities, the history of disorderly delivery in bike-sharing should soon pass, and some enterprises are likely to face the situation of capital support without market support.

　　Regulatory measures need to be strictly implemented, and consumers should pay attention to risks.

　　The rapid growth and decay of enterprises naturally brings out a regulatory problem. At the end of September, after the problem of poor management of cool cycling was exposed, a run followed, and users could not withdraw cash smoothly. This shows that the stipulation of "Guiding Opinions on Encouraging and Regulating the Development of Internet Rental Bicycles" that enterprises should strictly distinguish their own funds from users’ deposits and prepayments "and" implement earmarking "is probably not implemented.

　　For consumers, this is also a vivid risk warning: sharing all kinds of early adopters is actually sharing market risks. To protect consumers’ rights and interests, regulatory measures should not stay on paper, but should be implemented more strictly.

　　Respect the laws of the market and respect the existing boundaries of the sharing economy.

　　Is the bubble of disorderly development punctured, or is the tide of sharing economy itself receding? It remains to be seen. But what is certain is that the days when sharing can raise money and sharing is the darling have passed. Compared with the simple concept of playing, we need to respect the laws of the market and respect the existing boundaries of the sharing economy.

　　Wen Yi, the Mountain of Special Contributions for CCTV Comments

editorial comment/note

When it comes to forensic experts, words such as "professional" and "meticulous" often appear in our minds.

Whether it is the "forensic doctor" who is often put on the screen or other "appraisers" who work hard behind the scenes, they all play an important role in judicial practice. These people use science and technology or expertise to identify and judge the specialized issues involved in litigation, and give the most objective appraisal opinions to bring fairness and justice to the people.

The Institute of Forensic Science and Technology of the Ministry of Justice is the "aircraft carrier" in the field of forensic expertise in China, where the most well-known and authoritative forensic and expert teams gather. In recent years, they have conducted judicial expertise on a large number of major, difficult, complex, sensitive and foreign-related cases, timely safeguarded national interests and citizens’ legitimate rights and interests, corrected a number of unjust, false and misjudged cases, and played an important role in resolving disputes and conflicts, maintaining social stability and ensuring judicial justice. On November 19th, the Ministry of Justice announced that the Institute of Forensic Science was officially renamed as the Institute of Forensic Science, and at the same time, the button of upgrading the whole forensic industry was pressed.

The reporter of "Legal Daily" used half a year to walk into the Institute of Forensic Medicine, face to face with the forensic doctors and experts here, and unveiled the mystery of this profession in the form of news documentary. Starting today, the Ministry of Justice’s WeChat WeChat official account launched the column of "Appraiser’s Narration" and published this series of reports.

Case review

In September 2009, a young woman in Hohhot was sent by the police to a women’s drug rehabilitation center for compulsory isolation and detoxification because of taking methamphetamine, and died 47 days later because of the rescue of ectopic pregnancy. According to the relevant biochemical indicators during the visit, it is inferred that under normal circumstances, the pregnancy time is about 30 days ago, that is, she is pregnant in the women’s drug rehabilitation center.

Drug rehabilitation centers, police, young women, pregnancy, sudden death … At that time, all kinds of speculations poured out, and family members suspected that she was raped and pregnant to death in drug rehabilitation centers, and the reeducation through labor bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and drug rehabilitation centers were pushed to the forefront. With the consent of family members, on March 20, 2010, the relevant appraisal was entrusted to the Institute for Identification.

After careful operation during dissection, the appraiser finally found the embryo tissue with the size of soybean in the fallopian tube. After fully considering the difference between normal intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy, it was preliminarily estimated that the embryo should be about 7 weeks, instead of 4-5 weeks calculated according to biochemical indicators. The appraiser also conducted a DNA test on the embryonic tissue, and the comparison confirmed that the biological father of the embryonic tissue was a social drug addict who had close contacts with young women.

The appraisal results restored the truth, calmed the storm of public opinion, and the reeducation-through-labor bureau and drug rehabilitation center resumed normal working order.

A leaky spoon uncovers the mystery of the death of drug-addicted girls

What the supervision and reform institutions fear most is the abnormal death of detainees. In September 2009, Xiaoyun (a pseudonym), a 19-year-old drug addict, died in a women’s drug rehabilitation center. A few days later, a post "Beautiful girl was raped and beaten to death in drug rehabilitation center" spread quickly on the Internet …

Zhang Jianhua, 41, is currently the deputy director of the Pathology Research Office of the Judicial Appraisal Institute of the Ministry of Justice, and an old forensic doctor with 17 years’ experience. When the reporter saw him, he was coming back from a business trip. Because of his rich experience and reputation, many difficult cases from all over the country will eventually find him here.

Zhang Jianhua told reporters that the biggest job feature of forensic pathologists in the Institute of Forensic Medicine is that they travel a lot, and they spend one third of their time on business trips every year; The second is the habit of "detail control". After receiving the case, they will always take pains to think and prepare all kinds of unexpected details.

Just like the "abnormal death case in drug addicts’ drug rehabilitation center", after receiving the case, the first thing Zhang Jianhua did was to buy the finest colander in the market, the colander used by ordinary people to filter soybean milk.

Why do autopsies use colander? The reporter was somewhat surprised.

"At that time, this case has formed a very serious social public opinion. Whether it is the leaders of the drug rehabilitation center and relevant competent departments, or the families of the deceased, there is an urgent need to find the truth. Our work can only succeed and not fail, so the preparations are particularly adequate." Zhang Jianhua said.

It is reported that after Xiaoyun’s death, the case-handling organ detected that her serum HCG (an indicator used to judge whether she was pregnant) index was high, which means Xiaoyun was pregnant. Then combined with other relevant evidence, the investigators preliminarily concluded that Xiaoyun’s death was caused by tubal rupture caused by ectopic pregnancy, which led to massive bleeding.

However, this preliminary conclusion makes the family even more excited: Xiaoyun is in a drug rehabilitation center and has no contact with men at all, so who made this beautiful girl pregnant? At that time, the family members pointed the finger at the only two or three male police officers in this drug rehabilitation center, and claimed 1.09 million yuan, and the public opinion was almost out of control …

"According to the numerical standard of HCG, Xiaoyun’s pregnancy is about 5 weeks, and her admission time is 47 days. According to this inference, the male policeman can’t escape suspicion. Therefore, the local political and legal organs are very anxious and want to find out the truth as soon as possible. " Zhang Jianhua said.

However, at that time, many appraisal institutions were unwilling to accept this case. Because of the great pressure of tubal rupture, the embryo is likely to be washed away. If the embryo cannot be found, it is impossible to accurately identify the length of pregnancy. In addition, the pressure of public opinion is so great that once it is not handled properly, the contradiction is likely to be transferred to the judicial expertise department.

Zhang Jianhua was well aware of the seriousness of the case, but he and two other colleagues formed an appraisal team to accept the case.

Although the cause of Xiao Yun’s death has been preliminarily inferred, what Zhang Jianhua and others need is an accurate conclusion, and they adopted the method of total dissection and exclusion.

Abdominal cavity, chest cavity, cranial cavity … Autopsy never misses a link, and after all other reasons, such as trauma, poisoning, drug abuse and disease, are excluded, the focus is locked on ectopic pregnancy.

"The’ leaky spoon’ is used in this link." Zhang Jianhua said, "At that time, we judged that the embryo was probably washed into the abdominal cavity, and there were four or five thousand milliliters of blood in the abdominal cavity, so we bought a colander to catch the embryo."

An embryo at the fifth week of pregnancy is only the size of a soybean. If it is washed to other parts of the body, it is like looking for a needle in a haystack. The "detail control" of pathological forensic doctors really deserves its reputation!

Fortunately, however, the embryo was found and the truth was close at hand.

Schematic diagram of embryonic development

"During this period, we also consulted and compared many literatures at home and abroad, and found that the HCG level of intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy is very different. In the case of ectopic pregnancy, it is not accurate to use HCG level to infer gestational age, and there is also a lack of theoretical support. In order to accurately judge the gestational age and fix the time of conception, this hope is pinned on this small embryo. " Zhang Jianhua said.

According to the size and other characteristics of the embryo, the forensic doctor finally accurately judged that the actual gestational age of the embryo should be more than 7 weeks, and the pregnancy time should be before admission. At this point, the cause of death of drug addicts was found out, and the grievances of several male policemen were also cleared.

Then, who will be the man who got the drug addict pregnant before entering the hospital?

"This requires DNA identification." Zhang Jianhua said, "Many forensic doctors often put an embryo in formalin after taking it out. However, I don’t know that although formalin has antiseptic effect, it will also destroy some substances in the tissue itself and affect DNA testing. "

Fortunately, Zhang Jianhua left a hand after taking out the embryo, and processed the embryo by freezing preservation, without destroying the integrity of the embryo, and successfully extracted the DNA from the embryo.

At the suggestion of the forensic doctor, the public security organs collected blood samples from all the male friends who came into contact with the deceased before his death, started a DNA comparison investigation, and finally locked in a man …

"Acupuncture Case" in Shandong Province

There are twists and turns, and there is a case in the case. In fact, in Zhang Jianhua’s career, there are not a few cases that solve the fog and restore the truth by looking for a needle in a haystack.

At the end of the interview, Zhang Jianhua told the reporter about another similar case-the case of "acupuncture death" in Shandong. The case was similar to the case of "the death of a drug-addicted girl". At that time, the detainee of a detention center in Shandong died in a certain place, and there was no wound on his body, which was not like death. Many media voiced this and thought that Yu was killed by the detention center.

Looking for the cause of death can also be described as looking for a needle in a haystack, but Zhang Jianhua finally found a very small eye of a needle in the heart of the deceased’s body surface, and along the eye of a needle, found a small hole at the apex of the deceased’s heart, with a deep wound that reached the heart.

Zhang Jianhua’s discovery found the direction to solve the case. The investigators found out that Yu had hidden a needle while doing needlework at ordinary times, and then committed suicide by stabbing his heart.

"Behind every case, there are so many eyes staring at the truth. We can’t be careless. We can only be cautious, cautious and careful. This is not only a respect for the deceased, but also a responsibility for legal fairness and justice."

In a couple of days, Zhang Jianhua may be out of business again …

Source: Legal Daily-Legal Network

　　22 Challenger Hellcats, with rough appearance and hot performance, are a special product of America’s post-war prosperity in the 1970s, simple violence. This is the American locomotive. Hellcats carry the American dream since the 1970s. This is a pure speed machine, and 22 Dodge Challenger Hellcats. Only a handful of people in China know this brand, not to mention finding a pure Hellcat on the road. Tel: 13920291120 Manager Chen (same as WeChat)

　　Price: 1.3-1.8 million yuan, down payment of 300,000 yuan to take home! For details of the reserve price, please call the car purchase number: 13920291120 Manager Chen (with WeChat) or add WeChat to find out.

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　　22 Dodge Challenger Hellcats, with rough appearance and hot performance, are a special product of America’s post-war prosperity in the 1970s, with simple violence. This is an American locomotive. Hellcats carry the American dream since the 1970s. This is a pure speed machine, 22 Dodge Challenger Hellcats, and only a handful of people in China know this brand, not to mention finding a pure Hellcat on the road. Tel: 13920291120 Manager Chen (same as WeChat)

　　The 22 Dodge Hellcat wide-body red-eye cats are equipped with a 6.2L V8 supercharged HEMI engine with an output of 808 HP (797 British HP) /960 Nm, which is called the muscle car with the highest horsepower acceleration, the fastest speed and the fastest mass production. 0-96 km accelerates for 3.4 seconds, 0-400 m accelerates for 10.8 seconds, the tail speed is 210 km, and the top speed is 327 km/h. It is also equipped with "ejection preparation" Line Lock mode, which can easily burn tires in situ. Tel: 13920291120 Manager Chen (same as WeChat)

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　　Tel: 13920291120 Manager Chen (same as WeChat)

　　The aggressive front face of 22 Dodge Hellcat wide-body red-eyed cat muscle sports cars is the most striking place, like a shark with a big mouth, which is quite powerful. The integrated taillight uses 164 LED light sources, and the tail wing improves its stability at high speed. 22 Dodge Hellcats Wide-body Red-Eye Cats From the front of the car, the two headlights are as sharp as eagle eyes, and the flexible lines of the whole body overflow with an aura. If you like passion, sports cars and speed, 22 Dodge Hellcats are the best choice. Tel: 13920291120 Manager Chen (same as WeChat)

　　On Monday (April 23rd), EST, after the sell-off of US technology stocks last Friday, US stocks collectively rebounded overnight, and the S&P and Nasdaq ended their six-day losing streak. The easing of the situation in the Middle East made risk aversion fall back, and investors turned to risky assets again. Correspondingly, gold and silver ushered in a sharp correction.

　　[US stock index]

　　With the obvious easing of the situation in the Middle East, the market risk appetite has rebounded. On the other hand, after the hawkish remarks of Fed officials "bombed" the market last week, investors gradually digested their remarks, and the core PCE price index favored by the Fed will not be released until Friday, and the market will be able to breathe.

　　In addition, this week is a heavy earnings week, and giants such as Tesla, Meta, Google and Microsoft will announce the latest earnings results, and the market hopes to welcome them with a positive attitude. Overall, nearly 180 S&P 500 stocks announced their results this week, corresponding to a market value of nearly 40%.

　　American debt

　　On April 22nd, the benchmark 10-year US bond yield closed at 4.62%, and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, closed at 4.97%.

　　[Hot American stocks]

　　Among the popular US stocks, Microsoft rose 0.46%, Apple rose 0.51%, NVIDIA rose 4.35%, Google A rose 1.42%, Amazon rose 1.49%, Meta rose 0.14%, TSMC rose 1.62%, AMD rose 1.36% and Intel rose 0.61%.

　　Among them, Tesla fell more than 3% again, and fell for seven consecutive days on the eve of the earnings report. Analysts generally said that they were not optimistic about Tesla’s latest performance after the close of trading today.

　　In addition, it is worth noting that UBS Group AG said in the latest strategy report that the upward momentum of American technology giants is disappearing, because the profit momentum once enjoyed by this sector is facing cooling down. UBS downgraded the industry ratings of Google, Apple, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and NVIDIA from "high match" to "neutral".

　　[global index]

　　In European stock markets, the FTSE 100 index rose 1.62% to 8024 points. The French CAC40 index rose slightly by 0.22% to 8040 points. Germany DAX index rose slightly by 0.70% to 17,861 points. Among them, the British stock market closed at a record high. The analysis pointed out that the expectation of interest rate cuts in the UK is heating up, which weakens the performance of the pound, but also boosts the financial market including the British stock market.

　　In Asian stock markets, the Hang Seng Index rose 1.77% to 16,512 points. The index of state-owned enterprises rose 1.47% to 5831 points. The Nikkei 225 index rose% to 37,438.6 points.

　　[Overseas Market China Index]

　　Overnight, Hang Seng Technology Index futures rose 1.31%, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index rose 2.34%, and FTSE China A50 Index fell 0.09%.

　　[China Stock Exchange]

　　In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Tencent Holdings (Hong Kong stocks) rose by 5.46%, Alibaba by 2.33%, Pinduoduo by 9.38%, Netease by 1.47%, Baidu by 2.30%, Ctrip by 2.81%, LI by 5.57%, Weilai by 5.40% and Xpeng Motors by 0.79%.

　　[foreign exchange commodities]

　　The picture shows the real-time market as of press time.

　　The US dollar index continued to strengthen in the Asian and European markets, and then weakened during the US session due to the retreat of risk aversion, and finally closed down 0.004% to 106.12.

　　The price of gold hit its biggest one-day drop in the past two years, and COMEX gold finally closed down 2.72% to $2,327.43 per ounce; COMEX silver finally closed down 5.31% to $27.15 per ounce.

　　According to the analysis, with the easing of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, the demand for hedging has decreased, and traders are concerned about the US PCE data to be released this week, the price of gold has declined. However, although the market expects the gold price to enter the consolidation period, UBS believes that any price correction is an opportunity for investors to increase their holdings of gold, and the persistence of geopolitical risks may provide support for the gold market in the long run.

　　As part of the premium brought by the Middle East conflict continued to fade from the market, WTI crude oil closed down 0.24% to $82.02/barrel; Brent crude oil closed down 0.16% to $87.15/barrel.

　　[Highlights]

　　Rieder, BlackRock investment officer, thinks the Fed has room to cut interest rates twice this year.

　　Rick Rieder of BlackRock believes that bond investors who have been tortured by rising yields this month may soon find some comfort from slowing inflation and the Federal Reserve. In an interview, the global fixed income chief investment officer of this asset management company predicted that the Fed is expected to cut interest rates twice this year as inflation slows down in the coming months.

　　JPMorgan Chase strategist: There may be room for further decline in the US stock market.

　　JPMorgan Chase strategists believe that the three-week losing streak of US stocks has not ended for many reasons, including rising bond yields, high oil prices and high stock market concentration. Marko Kolanovic, the bank’s chief market strategist, and others wrote in a report sent to customers on Monday that about 40% of American companies reported earnings this week by market value, and the price changes may depend on the earnings report, which may stabilize in the short term. "However, we think the selling will continue."

　　Self-developed end-side large model of Apple’s AI competition

　　On Monday, Mark Gurman, a well-known science journalist, broke the news that Apple is developing a large-scale language model (LLM) running on the device side, which will give priority to ensuring response speed and privacy protection. Gurman said that this model will become the basis of Apple’s future generative AI function, and it will run entirely on devices, not in the cloud.

　　Tesla’s marketing team, which was established only four months ago, was all laid off.

　　At the weekend, some media said that Tesla’s actual layoffs may exceed 20,000. Musk believes that the layoffs should reach 20%, instead of more than 10% reported by the media last week that he told the company’s employees.

　　UBS downgraded the "Big Six" of American technology stocks.

　　In the latest strategy report, UBS Group AG said that the upward momentum of American technology giants is disappearing, because the profit momentum once enjoyed by this sector is facing cooling down. UBS downgraded the industry ratings of six technology giants, namely Alphabet, Apple, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and NVIDIA, from "high match" to "neutral".

　　Jonathan Golub, strategist at UBS, said that the profit kinetic energy turned to negative after the sharp increase in profits, and the downward adjustment was "an acknowledgement of the difficulties and cyclical power constraints faced by these stocks" rather than "a forecast based on the expansion of valuation or a suspicion of artificial intelligence".

　　Meta announced that it will open the VR operating system to external companies.

　　Meta announced on Monday that it will cooperate with Lenovo, Microsoft, Asus and other external hardware manufacturers to create a virtual reality headset using Meta Horizon operating system. This also enables the equipment of external manufacturers to run the same system as Quest 3 and Quest Pro.

　　Zuckerberg said that the company’s goal is to let the open mode define the next computing era together with the meta-universe, glasses and head-mounted devices. He also said that Meta will allow Steam and Microsoft’s Xbox cloud games to run on its operating system.

On May 11th, Japanese semiconductor manufacturer Rapidus released a press release on May 1st, in which President Shoichi Koike revealed that the company was negotiating with a number of American AI chip design companies to expand its foundry business. At present, the company has signed a memorandum of cooperation with two start-ups such as Tenstorrent.

In addition, Koike Chunyi said that the trial production line of Rapidus in Chitose City, Hokkaido has partially started operation on April 1, and it is expected that all processes will be started within this month (May).

In the field of advanced semiconductor production, Rapidus obtained the manufacturing technology of 2 nm products from IBM in the United States, and strived to achieve mass production in 2027. Although this time is two years later than TSMC’s planned 2025, Koike Chunyi stressed that,Under the "optimal production conditions", the company’s speed from ordering to chip production and assembly can be increased to more than 2 to 3 times that of TSMC, forming a differentiated advantage..

Looking forward to the future, Koike Chunyi said that Rapidus will also actively deploy 1.4 nm technology after 2 nm. He stressed: "If you can’t devote yourself to developing the next generation technology in about two and a half to three years, you can’t win in the industrial chain." Once the 2 nm OEM business is on the right track, Rapidus will continue to advance the preparation of the next generation of semiconductors.

Before the old reform, the second ring road of Xihong Road to the industrial section. Reporter Ye Yibin photo

After the old reform, the section from the Second Ring Road to the industrial section of Xihong Road is more spacious. Reporter Ye Yibin photo

Fuzhou Daily reporter Ying Yang Li Bailei Jun Wu correspondent Peng Hui

　　Since the beginning of the year, the renovation of the old housing area in Gulou District has been reported frequently:

　　Three old renovation projects started at the beginning of the year, such as the renovation of the old housing area around Xianta Street, the plot around Fuda Yishan Campus (I) and the Guoyangdang plot, have basically completed the relocation;

　　The requisition and relocation of four contiguous old housing reconstruction projects, including the reconstruction project from Ouyechi to Chenghuang Temple (Phase I) and the reconstruction project around Huoxiang, are progressing in an orderly manner;

　　Two old housing reconstruction projects, including Sheshan in Mei Feng, are about to enter the site, and another eight projects are in the early stage of preparation, and the land requisition and relocation will be started in due course in the second half of the year.

　　The renovation of old housing areas bears the people’s dream of living in peace, and is also closely related to the improvement of urban functional quality. In order to speed up the construction of a blessed state with a more beautiful environment, better quality, more comprehensive functions and better service, last year, the municipal party committee and the municipal government decided to implement a three-year action plan for the renovation of contiguous old housing areas, and put forward the specific deployment of the "three-year action plan and two-year work arrangement".

　　Gulou District attaches great importance to it, responds quickly and takes the initiative to pressurize it. It has decided to start all the 17 450,000-square-meter old renovation projects involved in the "Three-year Action Plan" within this year. "Three-year old reform, one-year implementation", in this tough battle, the majority of cadres in Gulou District lifted their spirits, worked hard, carefully planned and coordinated, collected sunshine and provided sincere service, and carried out the action of "improving livable environment and building a happy home" in depth, striving to show new responsibilities and achieve new achievements in the new era.

　　"I accidentally stepped on shit when I was walking, and I happened to have an injury on my foot. Do you want to get rabies vaccine?" You must want to know such a wonderful question. "After the baby is vaccinated, why do you have to wait for 30 minutes to leave the hospital?" You must be very concerned about such common problems. "With HPV vaccine, you can stay away from cervical cancer once and for all?" You must not miss such a hot question.

　　At the final of "Guangzhou Vaccination Science Popularization Competition in 2020" held recently, all kinds of knowledge about vaccines and vaccination made people learn a lot.

　　The birth process of vaccine is not simple.

　　Since ancient times, human beings have been fighting against viruses, and have gradually discovered the magic weapon to win — — Vaccine. There are several ways to produce vaccines, one of which is — — Take inactivated vaccine as an example to talk about the birth of vaccine.

　　First of all, scientists should isolate the virus from the source of infection. The isolated virus can not be used directly, and it needs to be processed before screening out the ideal strain. Then these strains are cultured and propagated on the cell matrix; These strains contain some impurities, which need to be removed by filtration. Then treated with formaldehyde and other solutions to make the strain lose its pathogenicity and retain its antigenicity; Finally, through a series of processing, inactivated vaccine can be born.

　　But this vaccine can’t be injected into human body at this time. In order to ensure safety and effectiveness, the vaccine needs to undergo strict tests at different levels. The first level is the animal test. After passing the animal test, it can be reported to National Medical Products Administration to apply for clinical trials. The clinical trial is divided into three phases. This is for the sake of safety, and the test population should increase in a step-by-step manner. Only after the safety of the first-phase clinical trial is ensured can the second-phase clinical trial be carried out to study its effectiveness. In the last three phases, a randomized, blind and placebo-controlled design should be adopted to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine in a wider range of people. All clinical trials generally take at least 3-8 years, and some even take more than 10 years. If the vaccine fails to meet the requirements in the test, it will be stopped or even terminated.

　　After passing the above-mentioned layer-by-layer tests, it is necessary to go through enterprise self-inspection, expert review, on-site inspection by the Food and Drug Administration, and identification by the Central Inspection Institute to confirm that the vaccine is safe and effective, the process is true, and the quality is controllable. At this time, the vaccine can be officially marketed and promoted.

　　Today’s children have been vaccinated to prevent various diseases shortly after birth. One of the most common phenomena is that babies are usually asked not to go home immediately after vaccination in the hospital, and can only go home after observation in the observation room for at least 30 minutes. Why is this? Is there anything unsafe about the vaccine? In fact, adverse reactions may occur after vaccination, but the probability of occurrence is very low. There are two kinds of adverse reactions, one is a relatively common general reaction, such as fever, redness and swelling at the injection site, poor appetite, etc. There is also an abnormal reaction, which means that the vaccine is qualified and the vaccination process is standardized, but it has brought some damage to the baby’s body. Both of these reactions belong to "adverse drug reactions with no fault on both sides".

　　If the baby’s body temperature does not exceed 38℃, you can use the method of physical cooling and pay attention to rest to return to normal; If the inoculation site is red, swollen and indurated, it is generally not necessary to deal with it, and special attention should be paid to it. It is forbidden to apply hot compress after inoculation with BCG. If the baby’s temperature exceeds 38℃ or the general reaction is serious, you should seek medical treatment immediately without delay.

　　Therefore, don’t go home immediately after vaccination, also for "just in case".

　　There is no need to get rabies vaccine when you step on shit when you have a foot injury.

　　When a Panyu player popularized the vaccination of rabies vaccine, he mentioned a new knowledge point that people didn’t know much about before: if a dog bites you, you can observe the dog for ten days. If the dog doesn’t get sick, then the remaining shots of rabies vaccine that we have started to vaccinate don’t need to continue.

　　We know that 95% of rabies in China is spread by sick dogs, followed by some carnivorous mammals, such as cats, bats, foxes, wolves and raccoons. Cold-blooded animals such as poultry, fish and insects will not infect and spread rabies. You don’t need rabies vaccine after being bitten by rodents, rabbits and rabbits. Infectious diseases of dogs, cats and other animals are usually spread to them by external animals. Once a cat or dog is bitten by an infectious animal, the incubation period of the virus in their bodies is generally more than one month, but only in the saliva of the cat or dog 3-5 days before the onset of the disease may rabies virus be carried. Therefore, for some cats and dogs that are confirmed to be healthy, such as domestic cats and dogs that have a clear history, are not free-range or wandering, have never been bitten by animals suspected of rabies, and have been regularly injected with rabies vaccine, it is not necessary to take rabies vaccine when bitten by these cats or dogs.

　　Someone asked, "I accidentally stepped on shit when I was walking, and I happened to have an injury on my foot. Do you want to get rabies vaccine?" In fact, there is no need to get rabies vaccine. But it is best to clean the wound in time to prevent infection by other germs.

　　However, most people are not sure whether the biting animal is healthy after being bitten by an animal, so it is certainly right to think of vaccination at the first time. However, the rabies vaccine needs 5 shots in the whole process, and there is an interval between every two shots, so it not only costs money, but also takes time. Here is a "ten-day observation method" worthy of attention — —

　　First of all, for peace of mind, you can get vaccinated first, and at the same time lock up the biting dog for observation; If the dog is still very healthy after ten days, which proves that the biting dog was not in the period of rabies infection at the time of the incident, then you don’t need to take the rest rabies vaccine. If the dog is abnormal during the observation period, then your vaccine must be finished.

　　Vaccination with HPV vaccine is not 100% away from cervical cancer.

　　Like "settled" in the female cervix of the HPV virus, the scientific name is human papillomavirus, which is the chief culprit leading to cervical cancer. According to the ICO (Catalan Cancer Institute) report on HPV and related diseases in China released in 2018, 98% of cervical cancer in China is caused by high-risk HPV infection. There is no specific medicine for HPV infection at present. However, human beings have developed an HPV vaccine. After vaccination, the body can produce antibodies to eliminate high-risk HPV, thus preventing cervical cancer.

　　It has been known that there are more than 200 family members of HPV virus, and only 14 species can really "make waves" on human cervix. These fourteen kinds are called high-risk HPV, among which HPV16 and 18 are the most powerful, and 69% of cervical cancer is attributed to them.

　　At present, the HPV vaccines on the market are bivalent, bivalent and bivalent. If you hit the price of 2 and 4, you can prevent about 70% of cervical cancer; The tetravalent vaccine can also prevent 6/11 types of 14 high-risk HPV, which can prevent sexually transmitted diseases caused by these two types of viruses; On the basis of 4 valence, 9 valence has the function of preventing 31/33/45/52/58 type, which can prevent 92% of cervical cancer. The ideal vaccination time of HPV vaccine is before sex, that is, before the first exposure to HPV infection, but women who have had sex can also benefit from HPV vaccination.

　　Why does HPV appear in the human body? Mainly through sexual behavior, or contact with unclean sanitary ware or supplies. It is worth noting that women who are sexually active and have many sexual partners are particularly vulnerable to infection. But not being infected with high-risk HPV means getting cervical cancer. Only when high-risk HPV is continuously infected for 10 to 20 years will it naturally evolve into cancer. In this process, most people’s body functions can remove HPV.

　　It is worth reminding that the HPV vaccine is not once and for all. The HPV virus family is "numerous", and about 7% of cervical cancer can not be prevented by vaccination with HPV vaccine for the time being. So if you are old enough to have regular screening for cervical cancer, you should remember to have regular screening. If HPV vaccination is the primary prevention of cervical cancer, regular cervical cancer screening is the secondary prevention. Only when primary and secondary prevention are done, the "big devil" of cervical cancer will not be easily encountered. (Yangcheng Evening News reporter Li Gang)