Brand-new MG 3 starts from "Rong"

  August 30, 2017 12: Auto Weekly? Auto show manuscript source: this newspaper

On August 25th, the brand-new MG 3 of "Entry-level Boutique Internet Family Car" was unveiled at Chengdu Auto Show, priced at 59,800 yuan to 93,800 yuan.

  At the same time, all the models of MG MG also made their debut, showing the layout of young Internet products. The popular national trendy car MG ZS and MG GS Internet Edition have jointly brought new ways to play MG MG car owners’ culture, covering the national car owners’ sharing and the upcoming Internet peak challenge.

  As another "Internet masterpiece" of MG MG, the brand-new MG 3 responds to the higher requirements of young consumers for entry-level cars, and brings exclusive internet driving experience to young people who pursue fashion and enjoy life with "good-looking, easy to drive and fun": not only riding instead of walking, but also showing social attitude, not only designing inside and outside the United States, but also adding safety points, and interpreting the true meaning of entry-level boutique family cars with strength.

  Smart Internet system allows the brand-new MG 3 to easily control many "magic skills" such as intelligent navigation, Alipay, voice interaction between people and cars. Users can take out their mobile phones to check the car condition at any time thousands of miles away, and they can set up navigation, play music and open the skylight "hands-free" during driving, and they can also focus on driving and driving smartly in complex road conditions.

  In addition, the "Super Team" function for self-driving enthusiasts allows users to share and master teammate information in real time; Coupled with food maps, Alipay’s convenient payment of parking or refueling fees, and the infinite iteration of the system, the travel experience is more refined and calm.

  As the second mass-produced model of MG MG’s "Perceptual Design", the brand-new MG 3 has a sporty star-leaping shield grille, London eye headlights that make the front of the car more slender, thunder taillights that flash across the night sky and 16-inch two-color aluminum alloy wheels, which fully meet the "eye edge" of young consumers with the beauty of fine products.

  The brand-new MG 3 adopts SAIC’s "blue core" high-efficiency power technology, and inherits the handling characteristics of MG’s "high speed and stability, stable braking and stable cornering". At the same time, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is only 5.6 liters, which is easy to drive and use. In addition, the brand-new MG 3 has a wide body and a large space, and is equipped with leading configurations such as 8-inch high-definition touch screen, direct tire pressure monitoring, reversing image, reversing radar, and air conditioning system that can filter PM2.5, creating a boutique driving experience and adding points to the safety, health and comfort of car owners. (Xiao Ding)

Hard lever in the market, technically dead, how does Huawei cross the operating system black hole?

Text | Intelligent Relativity (aixdlun), by | ihahe

Black holes have infinite gravity in astronomy, but they can also become the creators of new stars at the right time. The personality of creator and destroyer is interwoven through the personality of black hole, showing fascinating and diverse properties. But to make use of its creator characteristics, the premise is that it cannot be completely swallowed up by black holes.

Because of its complexity and high maintenance cost, the operating system has a similar effect to a black hole in nature. If it is done well, it can create a new format, and if it is not done well, it will be swallowed up and annihilated. On the road of operating system, especially twists and turns, most of them have been swallowed up and become a monument to guide the latecomers, one by one spectacular. Those who survived, standing on their bones, earned huge benefits while enjoying the obedience of the mountains. Stimulated by this, the latecomers climbed over the obstacles and took risks by pulling open the bones in front. At present, Huawei is undoubtedly the most vocal among them (this article only discusses the mobile operating system represented by the mobile operating system).

Whether Huawei HarmonyOS can be the one who survives or continue to be a monument to guide others, everyone is watching the play.

Huawei is also cooperating with acting. HarmonyOS system has been prepared for seven years since 2012, and it has adopted a bottom-up and inside-out technical attack mode. First, improve the details, and then output the product force from the complete product. On the surface, it is a systematic consideration, which is very effective. At present, HarmonyOS is still in a weak position, and it is necessary to have a killer weapon. However, greatly improving the efficiency through the compiler can completely pierce the heart of Android, which is one dimension higher than the way of simply making an operating system.

This is in a sense.Imitate the apple model,Provide perfect solutions at the operating system level, and reduce the burden on developers with the goal of high efficiency, thus expanding the team of developers.

At present, Huawei is building a developer group. According to the information provided by a development organization, Huawei began to send letters to recruit developers two years ago, expecting them to do development for Huawei.

Huawei has reason to prepare in advance. At present, its mobile phone sales exceed 200 million units, and among the top three mobile phone sales, Samsung has Tizen (although the quantity is small), Apple has iOS, but Huawei has no formed operating system.

Even if it follows Apple’s example of Samsung, Huawei has sufficient reasons and foundation to be an operating system. And in the ecosystem construction, follow the example of iOS. Of course, Huawei itself is a little worried. It began to promote HarmonyOS operating system after preheating its "ambition" through the compiler, so that users can accept it psychologically faster.

It can be said that Huawei would not be so high-profile if it were not for the ban of the US government.

After Huawei was banned by the US government, some overseas markets showed a wait-and-see attitude towards Huawei’s mobile phones. As a result, Huawei’s mobile phones have temporarily dropped significantly in Europe and Asia Pacific. The situation has changed dramatically at this moment. On June 7, Alphabet applied to the Trump administration to lift Huawei’s ban on Android for the same reason — — It’s about "national security".

Alphabet just wants to cover up the fact that HarmonyOS will have a great influence on Android through the pocket of "national security". Alphabet has obviously regarded HarmonyOS as the most difficult opponent of Android.

Alphabet believes that banning Huawei from using Android has triggered Huawei’s determination to be independent of Android, which will lead to the split of Android. Although Alphabet’s remarks are not credible, they are obviously urgent.

"Intelligent Relativity" ihahe thinks there are four reasons for thinking.

First of all,The introduction of some of Huawei’s mobile phones into HarmonyOS will reduce the market share of Android.In the current fierce competition situation, it is no different from the bottom of the pot.

Second,Alphabet is currently experiencing the most difficult period, and the growth rate of traffic advertising is weak.The market share of Android has declined, and Alphabet cannot bear it.

Third,One more opponent out of thin air will make Alphabet in danger of falling into the chronic disease effect.Alphabet will push a brand-new operating system Fuchsia, and now the backyard is on fire, which is not conducive to Alphabet’s vertical expansion of the operating system to survive the chronic disease effect.

Fourth,It may lead to a domino effect, which makes some mobile phone manufacturers turn to HarmonyOS.Form the upstream and downstream ecology of HarmonyOS. HarmonyOS will eat a fat piece of Android, and Alphabet is in such a hurry that HarmonyOS has become a nightmare for Alphabet.

At that time, HarmonyOS will attack head-on, and if iOS attacks again, the situation of Alphabet is not optimistic. Android retreats, HarmonyOS grabs food, and iOS sticks to it. There is basically no suspense in the top three operating systems.

To be an operating system, look at its threshold.

1, rich, pay attention to is very rich, can maintain the annual expenditure of $1 billion without affecting the company as a whole;

2. There is enough manpower input, and a stable development team with at least 5,000 people focuses on the operating system.

3. There should be enough hardware platforms to digest the operating system. That is to say, the market positioning should be done well to accommodate its growth.

4. It is necessary to achieve sales of more than 100 million copies per year, otherwise it will not form an ecology and there is no need to do it.

These points are just enough for Huawei. And its ideal state is to reach the level of Apple’s iOS.

Ren Zhengfei said that Apple is a teacher of Huawei, and iOS has become the goal pursued by HarmonyOS. However, Huawei does not simply and rudely accept all the orders, and Apple does not want to learn.

Apple’s iOS framework designs are linked with each other, and the data channels of mobile phones, tablets and computers are opened from the operating system level, and the data channels with cars will be opened in the future.

Its systematic design genes are not complicated on the surface, but contain super many detailed elements. For example, every time Apple’s iOS is upgraded, it even needs to modify hundreds of details. This is the most tedious and time-consuming investment.

Apple has been digging holes for potential competitors. This is like a small "conspiracy". When the latecomers catch up, they will be upgraded, so that the followers can’t keep up with the pace, and the barriers will be built.

As long as developers are willing, there can be endless improvements, and the improvement timeline can continue all the time. The development of operating system needs to maintain a huge R&D team to cope with the changes of market and technology at any time, but the surge in the number of developers may aggravate the chronic disease effect of operating system.

You need to pay attention to some details to make an operating system.

1, the technical strength is strong enough, strong enough to achieve technical output, and become a leader in this field.At present, almost all operating system development companies are basically technology leaders;

2. There are enough technicians to cope with all aspects of the operating system.From front-end to back-end, from kernel to shell, from various protocol stacks to various API designs, the operating system has become a digital mapping of the real physical society, and only a strong enough technical force can cope with it.

3, a keen sense of technical smell, keep up with the technical outlet or guide the technical outlet at any time.

4. Good technical framework design, which can continuously update iterations and balance a wide range of hardware platforms.

Few people can do this. For example, enough developers are enough for most investors to put a stop to it. It may take thousands of people to maintain and develop an operating system, and the code scale is close to 100 million lines.

If we have no idea about this, we can do an arithmetic. This 100 million lines of code plus other materials will take up about 20GB (much smaller after compilation), and now Android is about this size.

This can be handled, and the continuous large amount of unrewarded services will make it difficult for any company that pays attention to revenue to survive. At the same time, we also need to face a long-term thankless upgrade, and if it is not good, it will be swallowed up, and the operating system will face great risks.

We can also understand Huawei’s caution. After all, this is no joke, and it is possible to become famous or to be beyond redemption. The development of operating system is not a good option, or a bad option, unless it is absolutely necessary.

Therefore, it is impossible for companies with poor revenue and companies with insufficient scale to support the sustainable development of the operating system. At present, several mature operating systems, the parent company’s revenue is very good, do not expect to make money directly through the operating system, all by building a traffic fortress, using traffic to turn into profits.

Traffic contention has thus become the core task of the operating system, and even Alphabet has not been exempted. According to its financial report, Alphabet’s traffic fortress has provided half of its advertising revenue. To this end, it also paid Apple’s $9.5 billion traffic entrance fee in 2018, and this fee is still rising. It is reported that it will reach 12 billion US dollars in 2019.

Apple can enjoy it, and the $10 billion bomb command room. Apple now has about 1 billion active users, which brings about $30 billion in direct benefits to Apple every year. Please note that this is only the value that its users bring to Apple. Imagine that Apple can sell users as a whole again, and the black hole effect of the operating system is full.

No wonder in WWDC2019, the measure of logging in with random email address was particularly emphasized, and Apple also forced App developers to introduce this strategy. On the surface, it did protect users’ privacy, but basically Apple prevented its App from stealing its user bonus.

Technology and capital are the appearance of the existence of operating system; Ecosystem, traffic portal and user bonus are the essence of operating system.

Apple’s iOS has users, traffic and money. It consumes enough time and money, and it also gives birth to a new format of making money. Apple’s iOS is a perfect example of showing the black hole of the operating system.

Alphabet wants to learn it, but it is hard to say whether Huawei can learn its essence. In fact, we have overlooked a key point. Apple started from the operating system. Since the Lisa computer in 1983, Apple’s operating system has been completely one dimension higher than its contemporaries, and it still is. It is not difficult for Huawei to learn from Apple.

But why is it daunting to develop an operating system? Most developers died halfway?

I think there are two points: the black hole effect and the chronic disease effect mentioned earlier. The black hole effect devours money, and the chronic disease effect devours hope.

The operating system looks easy — — Open source can be used for reference; It is the hardest to do, and it is difficult to make money through the operating system. That is to say, on the road of making money, the operating system is only the first step, and it is the key to build various service architectures on the platform of the operating system. This is the cause of chronic disease effect.

Alphabet and Apple present two different ways to make money. Alphabet sells traffic to earn advertising fees, Apple sells mobile phones to earn money, and sells traffic to Alphabet. Apple is more stable and its business foundation is more solid. While the growth rate of Alphabet has slowed down, it remains to be seen what form HarmonyOS will take in the future.

On the whole,Alphabet is virtual as a whole, and the output of hardware platform is very low. Apple and Huawei have similar hardware platforms, which can theoretically support their introduction of the Apple model. However, the precautions against Apple in the market are already obvious. If another "Apple" appears, it is estimated that it will be jointly strangled by competitors, and developers may also have resistance.. Therefore, how Huawei can break through in the current mode is a test of its top-level software design ability.

In a similar market sentiment, let’s look at the examples that have failed. In their closed circles, Palm and Blackberry both have operating systems, but the design idea with local service and mail service as the core determines their defeat, and they have not kept pace with the times when the network is rapidly evolving.

They first fell into the black hole effect and were swallowed up by money, then fell into the chronic disease effect and were swallowed up by hope, and gradually disappeared with the elimination of products. Interestingly, QNX of Blackberry unexpectedly found living space on smart cars, accounting for about 75% of the total.

Symbian is also seriously ill. It used to have the largest market share, but its architecture design has fallen behind the times. In the face of Apple’s powerful attack, it has no clue to deal with it, leading to its collapse.

Symbian, Blackberry and Palm are not without strong user base or technical base. Similarly, they are supported by strong development groups, and there is a view that they are too slow to cope with market changes. In fact, it is the lack of flexibility in architecture design, which has been unable to cope with the changes in business environment. At the same time, "they are trapped in their own successful past", unable to develop, and swallowed up by chronic disease effects.

Operating system naturally has chronic disease characteristics, and update iteration is the root of chronic disease effect of operating system.

Weak organizational structure can also lead to a sharp deterioration of the disease.

In order to get rid of the chronic disease effect, Alphabet took the initiative to make several major updates to Android. In version 4.4, the ART(Android Runtime) mode is provided to improve efficiency. And the AOT (pre-compilation) mode is provided in Android version 5.x, which has tripled the speed of Android 5.x These key updates prevent Alphabet from falling into the chronic disease effect.

Besides,Vertical deep ploughing of the operating system can also effectively avoid the chronic disease effect.At present, Apple and Alphabet are betting on smart driving as a vertical expansion. Apple has smart driving — Titan plans that in order to strengthen Apple’s position in smart driving, Apple is still seeking to acquire Drive.ai;; Alphabet invested earlier in the field of intelligent driving, and its investment in Waymo was at the forefront of the field.

Huawei’s trend in smart driving is also worth noting.On May 27th, Huawei’s smart car BU was formally established. Considering the ambition of HarmonyOS system to get through the car data channel, it is not surprising that Huawei cut into the car intelligent system.

However, the three bet on smart driving at the same time. On the one hand, under the existing traffic model, the high-growth model is hard to find, and new methods of "outsourcing" are needed to break through; On the other hand, the training cost of the new profit Taurus is getting higher and higher, so we have to make plans early. The third is the traffic entrance of intelligent driving, which is too attractive for them to refuse.

Atrix in the field of mobile phones will repeat itself in the field of intelligent driving, only in a different competitive position, but the essence of the competition for data, traffic and user bonuses will remain the same as before. The difference is that in the new consumption battlefield, users’ consumption habits and consumption power may change, and their sensitivity to traffic and consumption behavior makes them run on the same track.

Alphabet once thought about closing Android and building its own ecosystem like iOS. Later, Alphabet gave up this principle. If you insist on learning iOS, it may fall into Apple’s pit. Huawei comes from hardware, and has invested in chips for a long time, and its infrastructure is complete. Learning from Apple has an advantage over Alphabet.

Some people have counted Huawei’s input and output. They predict that when Huawei’s sales revenue reaches $10 billion, it will cross the growth inflection point of J-curve, and the subsequent input will greatly improve Huawei’s output.This is also the case, and Huawei has crossed the J-shaped growth and realized the S-shaped curve growth model, which has been going on for more than ten years.

It stepped on the rhythm of technological development at the node of development and growth, and perfectly fitted the quadratic S curve.Before the last business reached the inflection point of growth decline, Huawei’s growth was completely like "beating" by changing positions to maintain rapid growth.

It is indeed "typed". R&D plays a key role. From 2006 to 2018, Huawei invested nearly $70 billion in research and development. At present, its annual research and development expenses exceed that of Apple.

Its R&D machine runs at a high speed, and its combat effectiveness is super strong. It has the basis of learning from Apple, and its organizational structure is also forward-looking.

As early as 20 years ago, Huawei made preparations for its management and organizational structure. It took nearly 20 years to bridge 15 consulting companies and improve its R&D organizational structure.

Ren Zhengfei said, "Learn from all advanced technologies". This is not only a slogan, but also a horn.

Since 1998, Huawei, which blew the horn, spent 400 million dollars and spent five years fully introducing IBM’s management structure and development-oriented organizational structure, thus breaking out with strong combat effectiveness and remarkable results.

"Intelligent Relativity" inquired that in 1998, Huawei had 8,000 employees, the number of which was about 4.4% now; Sales amounted to 9 billion RMB, about 1.25% of the current level. In contrast, Huawei’s efficiency is now 3.5 times that of that time. No wonder some people say that Huawei can achieve 160 million sales with 100 people, and its 100 people are only about one-third of Huawei’s productivity.

After feeling the strong productivity of the organizational structure, Huawei is full of energy in learning the organizational structure. After the product development system was designed by IBM, the human resources system was designed by Hay Group. The organizational structure is designed by Mercer; The financial system is designed by PricewaterhouseCoopers; The sales system is designed by Accenture; The supply chain system is designed by IBM. …

Huawei, which has not yet reached the peak, has stood at the highest point in spirit. The results are also quite remarkable.

In the end, IBM, once a teacher, learned Huawei’s development model in turn. Huawei started to export knowledge from knowledge input and exported it to its own teachers. This is very interesting.

IBM’s "support" for Huawei is crucial. This time ‘ Cut off the supply ’ Huawei is in no hurry. It adopts the supply chain system designed by IBM, and has long considered its business continuity in extreme cases, so it will not be directly shocked like ZTE.

It is impossible to find out whether the bureau set up twenty years ago was able to hit the nail on the head twenty years later, whether it was an unintentional blow or a deliberate pursuit of intentional action. But it is coincidence and necessity that this kind of precaution can be so accurate.

"The basketball that was thrown twenty years ago accurately hit the blue box twenty years later, which is both foresight and luck."

However, when Huawei introduced the external management structure, it was not smooth sailing and met with strong internal resistance. It is said that at that time, it was very tough and strongly promoted. If the management objected or did not support it, it was directly demoted or even fired. In the end, Huawei surpassed the category of an inanimate organization team and evolved into an evolving life, with high-speed growth and efficiency.

Looking at IBM twenty years later, it has fallen behind Huawei in efficiency and productivity. At present, IBM has 350,000 employees, nearly twice that of Huawei, and its annual sales have dropped to about 80 billion dollars, only 80% of Huawei’s. That is to say, IBM’s per capita creation is only about 40% of Huawei’s. IBM is still suffering from the pain of continuing to shrink, and its annual sales volume is still decreasing. Compared with Huawei’s triumphant progress, the annual sales volume plays a triumphant song. Is there a big contrast between the hatchbacks?

With the organizational structure and the preparation of developers, Huawei started the journey of operating system. But at first, it started with the details. Huawei has solved several major problems of Android:

1. The efficiency of long-term operation, from a moment to a lifetime, and promised not to get stuck for 18 months;

2. Full stack optimization to solve structural problems, rather than simple tinkering. To this end, Huawei invested 40% of EMUI’s manpower to optimize.

3. Optimize the management of fragmented files and improve the recycling method of fragmented files from the bottom. And introduced F2FS (Flash Optimized File System). Although this was developed by Samsung, Huawei carried it forward and successfully entered the Android native system in 2018.

If the above items have pierced the flesh and blood of Android, the compiler is completely rushing to the heart of Android.

In April 2019, with the release of P30, Huawei announced the Ark compiler. Even if the existing App does not change the code, recompiling once can improve the performance by 40%. This means that Huawei pays great attention to the understanding and optimization of hardware while doing the underlying software, which is the basis for doing a good job in the operating system.

Huawei also put forward the concept of full-stack optimization from hardware, chip, bottom software and application software, and with the help of artificial intelligence, it analyzes the application side intelligence and judges the resource demand characteristics of the application (calculation-intensive, RAM-intensive, IO-intensive, etc.), and breaks them down one by one in a targeted manner; On the hardware resource side, the status of CPU, memory, IO(Input/Output), storage and other resources is perceived, and idle resources are sorted and recycled in time and reasonably through AI algorithm, thus solving the problems of hardware resource coordination and excessive expansion of APP space.

In addition, in terms of external collaboration, we have established an Android Green Alliance with more than 1,000 partners, optimized more than 200,000 apps, and built development standards. In the ecosystem, we need efficiency from algorithms, exchange efficiency for speed, and exchange speed for user experience.

Huawei completely grasped the seven inches of the operating system and also grasped the pain points of users. On the one hand, it is a strong technical output, and on the other hand, it is a strong demand. Through the operating system, Huawei has completed the port docking.

Huawei has completely become the "big brother". The operating system has come naturally … …

When Huawei was founded, it was in the midst of Ren Zhengfei’s internal and external troubles, which determined Huawei’s unique temperament as a company. So that in the Sino-US trade war, when Huawei was treated specially, there were actually countermeasures. This makes two kinds of voices in the market have no market: one is to fight back with high-profile and not admit defeat, and the other is to quickly admit that it will not suffer, but no matter which voice, it quietly exits after the launch of Huawei’s plan. According to its own business logic, Huawei has already made a layout, so it is still calm in the face of life and death, and all the cards in its hands are played out.

Everyone knows these things. First of all, Huawei turned the spare tire plan into a positive one, including chips, which can replace the United States to cut off supply and ensure business continuity; Secondly, it launched a more radical operating system plan and registered its trademark at the end of May. This actually shows that Huawei would not have turned the spare tire plan into a regular one so early if it was not the current accident. It still needs time to strengthen its bones and muscles in order to win with one blow. It also shows that the operating system can’t succeed on a whim, and there are endless examples of dying on the beach.

Opening the history of the operating system is a history of blood and tears.The IT companies we are familiar with have basically done operating systems (this paper mainly refers to consumer operating systems, and business operating systems such as Tencent and Alibaba). Before that, China Unicom, China Mobile and ZTE have all tried, and then Tencent and Alibaba have basically tasted it. Baidu duerOS’s business scope focuses on the AI market segment, while AliOS has shifted its position and wants to lay a world in the IoT field. But they are all frustrated in the field of mobile phone operating system. Huawei goes against the trend, and many people admire it. I want to see more plays.

Huawei’s approach has two effects, one is to set an example for domestic technology companies, and the other is to expose Huawei’s ambition — — That is, to become the head company of a world-class company.At present, there are not many companies ahead of it. According to its plan, if it can develop smoothly according to the second curve model, within five years, Huawei will become the largest technology company in the world, thus making history.

However, the ideal route of Huawei’s development was pressed the pause button. From enterprise-level products to consumer-level products, with the complete supply of chips, services and software, Huawei’s development speed has been seriously slowed down.

What is seriously lowered is the confidence of partners in whether Huawei can continue to move forward. After Huawei was restricted, some of Huawei’s partners began to offline their mobile phone sales, and some contracts began to swing, which increased the uncertainty of Huawei’s 5G base station contract.

At present, in Huawei’s growth sequence, the growth rate of consumer business is the first, and the base station business that has been silent for a period of time has also begun to break out with 5 G. The United States has suppressed Huawei’s development momentum, which is equivalent to giving Huawei a death sentence, and the US government is waiting for the result.

But the result is a bit surprising. Huawei is hard in the market and technically dead. Where does its confidence come from? Knowing that the operating system is a black hole, you dare to move forward bravely.

In Huawei’s strategic arsenal, there are also rich private collections. For example, Huawei, which turned the spare tire plan into a positive overnight and was banned at the same time, did not lose its development momentum as some people expected, and its 5G base station delivery continued to rise.

Of course, Huawei’s key competitiveness is not its arsenal inventory, but more than 100,000 employees including 70,000 developers. Stimulated by Huawei’s wolf culture, Huawei has such a strong fighting capacity that it can rebound strongly when it receives a ban.

Huawei’s strength lies in its execution. After so many years in the market, its sensitive reaction to the market has become a genetic memory.

Over the years, Huawei has also recognized many teachers. Before I recognized Apple as a teacher, I also recognized Nortel as a teacher and Ericsson as a teacher. This is rooted in Huawei’s follow-up strategy. Once there is no object to follow in front, the strategy may be easy to miss.

Ren Zhengfei said that China people are good at engineering innovation, not theoretical innovation.

Comparing Huawei and Qualcomm, it hit the nail on the head. Qualcomm maintains high profits by using patent sticks with lawyers exceeding the number of engineers, while Huawei makes money by materializing patents. The distinction between the upper and lower levels is self-evident.

This can be seen when Huawei expands overseas markets. Other companies grab patents, Huawei grabs talents, and other companies put their energy into the field of making money now. Huawei looks further.

Huawei can no longer just position itself as a follower. Today, it is a giant.

Once, Huawei’s bet on GSM led to "Huawei’s winter", and there was a fierce argument about whether to make a mobile phone. Once unable to survive in China, he was forced to leave overseas, and once again returned to the highlight moment because of 3G and 4G.

It almost won the opponent and lost to the times, and it almost fell on the road of charging. It defeated Nortel and Ericsson, and it swept its opponents with low prices and recruited talents with high salaries.

It has the forbearance of China people and learns from the western way of doing things; There are the wisdom of China people and the directness of foreigners; There is a hot fighting power and a warmth that allows people.

It has exploded the negative side of the wolf culture, and there are more victories in opening up the territory. It is technical and engineering, China’s and the world’s.

At present, in the 5G roll-out, the world opens a new chapter. As an infrastructure, 5G will bring about drastic changes, while China’s connected devices will be extended from mobile phones to automobiles and industries, and the data and access will be improved by orders of magnitude.

Standing in the center of the 5G stage, Huawei no longer needs other people to dance.

[Introduction of titanium media author:Intelligent Relativity (WeChat id:aixdlun): Dig deep into the well of artificial intelligence, judge the saltiness, tell the black and white, and tell the depth. Focus on areas: AI+ medical care, robotics, intelligent driving, AI+ hardware, Internet of Things, AI+ finance, AI+ security, AR/VR, developers, chips, algorithms and human-computer interaction behind them. Without authorization, no one may use this document in any way, including reprinting, extracting, copying or creating a mirror image. 】

Guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance Guangdong Provincial Health and Family

Guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission

Opinions of Guangdong Food and Drug Administration on Further Strengthening the Safety Supervision of Basic Medical Insurance Fund

Cantonese Social Regulation [2018] No.1

In recent years, the national basic medical insurance (hereinafter referred to as medical insurance) system has been continuously improved, and the level of financing and security has been steadily improved. At the same time, with the increasing number of participants, fraudulent insurance practices have occurred from time to time, and the means are more complicated and hidden, which has seriously violated the security of medical insurance funds, hindered the sustainable development of medical insurance system and damaged social integrity. In order to strengthen the supervision of medical insurance funds and crack down on illegal and criminal acts of fraudulent insurance, according to the Social Insurance Law, the Regulations on the Supervision of Social Insurance Funds in Guangdong Province and other laws and regulations, with the consent of the provincial people’s government, we hereby put forward the following opinions on further strengthening the safety supervision of medical insurance funds in the province:

First, standardize service behavior and strengthen supervision of all participants.

(A) to strengthen the supervision of medical institutions.. Provincial social insurance agencies should formulate model service agreements for medical institutions and strengthen guidance on the management of service agreements for medical institutions in the province. Local social insurance agencies should strengthen the negotiation of agreements with medical institutions and refine the contents of the agreements. Conditional areas can improve the agreements according to the types of medical institutions and implement classified management. Make full use of the audit results of the medical insurance intelligent audit monitoring system, strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of the agreement of medical institutions, and link the inspection and supervision with the integrity file, annual deposit return, year-end expense settlement, total amount distribution in the following year, hierarchical management and agreement renewal. For medical institutions that violate the agreement, they should take measures such as interviews, rectification within a time limit, suspension of disbursement, refusal to pay fees, suspension of the agreement, and termination of the agreement in accordance with relevant regulations and agreements, and recover the illegal medical insurance expenses that have been paid. The human resources and social security department should reduce the total performance pay of public medical institutions with fraudulent insurance practices. Medical institutions, pharmaceutical trading units and other social insurance service institutions defraud social insurance fund expenditures by fraud, forgery of certification materials or other means, and the social insurance administrative department shall order them to return the defrauded social insurance money and impose a fine of not less than two times but not more than five times the amount defrauded. Medical institutions and pharmaceutical business units that have signed service agreements with social insurance agencies shall be held accountable by social insurance agencies in accordance with the agreement. If the circumstances are serious, the service agreements signed with them shall be terminated in accordance with relevant regulations. The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel with professional qualifications,The administrative department of social insurance may suggest that the relevant competent department that granted its practice qualification revoke its practice qualification according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

(B) to strengthen the supervision of medical services..Establish a medical insurance physician management system, and stipulate the responsibilities and obligations of medical insurance physicians in the service agreement of medical institutions. Establish the integrity files of medical insurance doctors, encourage medical institutions to establish and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of medical insurance doctors’ management, and link the medical insurance doctors’ compliance with medical insurance regulations with their job title evaluation and incentive performance pay, and the evaluation results of medical insurance doctors are linked with the assessment of medical institutions and the payment and settlement of medical expenses. For medical insurance physicians who violate social insurance regulations or agreements, the relevant departments shall, according to the circumstances, nature and agreement, give admonishing talks, interviews, rectification within a time limit, refuse to pay for the medical services they provide, and announce the record of dishonesty to the public. Medical insurance doctors who have been punished for violating the regulations on the management of medical insurance funds shall not declare professional title evaluation during the punishment period. When a medical insurance doctor takes advantage of his position to ask for or illegally accept patients’ property or seek other illegitimate interests in his practice, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall give him a warning or order him to suspend his practice for more than six months and less than one year; If the circumstances are serious, his practice certificate shall be revoked; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

(three) to strengthen the supervision of retail pharmacies.. Provincial social insurance agencies should formulate a model service agreement for retail pharmacies and strengthen guidance on the management of service agreements for retail pharmacies in the province. Food and drug supervision departments and social insurance agencies should focus on checking the purchase and sale of drugs, the compliance of medical insurance drug sales, and whether there are behaviors such as purchasing drugs from illegal channels, selling drugs in violation of the regulations on the classification of prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs, selling drugs beyond the scope, falsely selling drugs, and swapping drugs, and whether there are problems such as using medical insurance personal accounts to sell daily necessities and food. For retail pharmacies that violate the medical insurance fund in violation of the agreement, the social insurance agency shall handle it according to the relevant regulations and the agreement. If the circumstances are serious, the agreement shall be terminated according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. Pharmaceutical trading enterprises must have true and complete purchase and sale records, and the purchase and sale records must indicate the generic name, dosage form, specification, batch number, expiration date, manufacturer, unit of purchase (sales), quantity of purchase (sales), purchase and sale price, date of purchase (sales) and other contents stipulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. For pharmaceutical trading enterprises that violate the above provisions, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and give them a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the Drug Business License shall be revoked by the original issuing and approving department.

(four) to strengthen the sense of responsibility of individual card for medical treatment.All localities should strengthen the publicity of the rights and obligations of individuals to participate in medical insurance according to law, and guide the insured to standardize medical treatment and abide by the law.

Second, optimize big data applications and promote real-time monitoring throughout the process.

(5) Strengthen the application of intelligent medical insurance audit monitoring system.Establish and improve the medical insurance intelligent audit monitoring system, monitor the whole process of medical service in real time, analyze the medical service behavior and medical expenses in multiple dimensions, establish a dynamic early warning index system and an event handling business system, support the discovery, recording, analysis and handling of abnormal behaviors, and realize the prompt in advance, monitoring and early warning in the process and tracing the responsibility afterwards. Focus on strengthening the monitoring of medical services such as chronic diseases, serious illnesses and hospitalization. Provincial social insurance agencies take the lead in formulating the intelligent audit rules and results processing procedures for medical insurance in the province. The social insurance agency can directly deal with the violations found and clearly defined by the monitoring system through the monitoring system. Promote technologies such as face recognition, and promote social insurance agencies, agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies to log in to the system through face recognition.

(6) Give play to the big data monitoring function.Strengthen the big data analysis and judgment of medical insurance expenses, and monitor the whole process of outpatient, hospitalization and pharmacy purchase of contracted medical institutions and retail pharmacies, medical insurance doctors and insured persons. Strengthen the electronic information supervision of medical insurance drug consumables, connect the purchase and sale storage systems of medical institutions and retail pharmacies, increase the bill inquiry function, and realize the authenticity identification function of sporadic reimbursement invoices. Strengthen the supervision and application of big data, and strengthen the supervision of the implementation of various regulatory systems such as the budget of medical insurance funds and the implementation of medical service agreements, and the internal control management of agencies. Strengthen the security control of social security cards, standardize the transaction settlement process, and monitor the use of social security cards in agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies and their fund transactions online in real time to prevent fund transaction risks.

Three, clear departmental responsibilities, strengthen joint supervision.

(seven) the implementation of social insurance agencies internal control audit responsibilities..Provincial social insurance agencies conduct guidance and spot checks on the development of medical insurance business of subordinate agencies every year. Social insurance agencies around the country should strictly implement the medical insurance handling system, strengthen the authority management of information systems, ensure that the whole process of business handling leaves traces, implement the double audit system for high-risk business sites and monitor the whole process. Intensify the audit of the implementation of service agreements and medical insurance fees by agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies, and timely organize and verify the doubts found in online monitoring and report complaints. Establish and improve the verification mechanism of medical institutions and the return visit mechanism of insured persons, and implement the daily on-site verification of auditors. Strengthen the standardized management and clean government education of social insurance handling staff. Strictly implement the "Social Insurance Law", "Social Insurance Staff Disciplinary Provisions" and the provisions on the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government, implement the post responsibility system and accountability system, and implement regular rotation of key posts. If the masses report that the handling staff violates the social insurance regulations, they should carefully organize the verification and deal with it according to law. Social insurance agencies and their staff fail to perform their statutory duties of social insurance, fail to deposit social insurance funds into financial accounts, deduct or refuse to pay social insurance benefits on time, lose or tamper with payment records, enjoy social insurance benefits records and other social insurance data and personal rights records, and violate other social insurance laws and regulations, the social insurance administrative department shall order them to make corrections; If losses are caused to social insurance funds, employers or individuals, they shall be liable for compensation according to law;The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

(8) StrengtheningResponsibilities of fund supervision of human resources and social security department.Human resources and social security departments should establish and improve the coordination mechanism of fund supervision, labor security supervision, comprehensive law enforcement and handling audit. Establish a receipt for reporting complaints and a system for identifying unreasonable medical expenses for medical insurance, standardize the procedures for filing and investigating, and increase the inspection of contracted medical institutions and retail pharmacies in combination with the distribution characteristics of cases of defrauding medical insurance funds, fully implement the "double random and one open" supervision, randomly select inspection objects, randomly select law enforcement inspectors, and disclose the inspection results to the public in a timely manner. Establish and improve the internal audit system of medical insurance fund, carry out the third-party audit of medical insurance fund, and timely rectify the problems found in the audit. The Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security took the lead in focusing on the risk points and outstanding problems of the medical insurance fund, and carried out special inspections on the safety of the medical insurance fund from time to time, and supervised major and complex cases.

(9) Implementing the supervisory duties of relevant departments.The financial department should do a good job in the budget and final accounts of the medical insurance fund, conduct separate accounting for the financial accounts of the medical insurance fund, supervise the income and expenditure and management of the medical insurance fund, and strengthen the supervision and inspection of the financial departments at lower levels in implementing the financial accounting system of the social insurance fund. Health and family planning departments should strengthen the supervision of the behaviors of medical institutions and medical staff, comprehensively promote the scoring system of bad practice behaviors of medical institutions and medical staff, and establish records of bad practice behaviors of medical institutions and medical staff in violation of laws and regulations; Guide medical and health institutions to carry out clinical pathway management in an all-round way, standardize the first page management of medical records, realize the unification of disease diagnosis, surgery and operation classification coding and medical service operation coding throughout the province, and scientifically control the unreasonable increase of medical expenses. Food and drug supervision departments should strengthen the supervision of pharmacies and retail pharmacies in medical institutions, focusing on the supervision and inspection of compliance with the provisions on the preservation of drug purchase and sale records and vouchers. Relevant departments should report to the public security organs and provide clues in time when they find suspected medical insurance fraud. After receiving the report, the public security organ shall promptly carry out verification, and those suspected of committing crimes shall be put on file for investigation.

(10) Strengthen departmental coordination and linkage.. Provincial and local human resources and social security, public security, finance, health and family planning, food and drug supervision and other departments should establish a joint meeting system between medical insurance fund safety supervision departments, improve the communication and coordination mechanism, carry out joint supervision and inspection, and coordinate and solve major problems in medical insurance fund safety supervision in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen departmental information sharing and realize the sharing and intercommunication of information such as medical insurance, medical services, drug and consumables circulation as soon as possible. The departments of human resources and social security, health and family planning, and food and drug supervision, in particular, should establish an information exchange mechanism with public security organs to provide support for grasping evidence and identifying criminal facts. The human resources and social security departments and public security organs should further improve the channels for investigating and transferring medical insurance fraud cases, and strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. In violation of the agreement or laws and regulations to defraud the medical insurance fund, the human resources and social security department of the place where the act occurred shall make administrative punishment and administrative decision according to law; The human resources and social security department shall promptly notify in writing and hand it over to the relevant departments for disposal, and the relevant departments shall promptly handle and feedback the results.

Fourth, improve the credit system and strengthen social supervision.

(eleven) to broaden the channels of social supervision.Innovate the way of social supervision, smooth the channels for reporting complaints, establish and improve the reward system for reporting, and mobilize all social forces to participate in medical insurance supervision by establishing a medical insurance supervision expert database, organizing expert evaluation, and hiring social supervisors. Give full play to the role of the social insurance supervision committee, and organize the members of the supervision committee to participate in the special inspection of the medical insurance fund. Strengthen information disclosure, and gradually disclose the evaluation results and integrity files of agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies. Rank the medical expenses of the agreed medical institutions and publish the ranking results regularly. Guide and standardize industry self-discipline, encourage the formation of medical insurance agreement institutions industry associations, promote the improvement of industry management norms and guidelines, support industry associations to carry out industry appraisal and urge rectification.

(twelve) the establishment of medical insurance credit system.. The establishment of the province’s intercommunication agreement medical institutions and retail pharmacies integrity file system, and gradually will agreement medical institutions and retail pharmacies, medical insurance doctors, insured units and individuals dishonesty recorded in the credit file, the serious dishonesty of units and individuals to implement key monitoring, according to the law to the public and notify the relevant departments. Local social insurance agencies should establish a credit file tracking mechanism, and set different monitoring periods according to the degree of risk for different violators. Among them, the monitoring period of agreed medical institutions, retail pharmacies and medical insurance doctors is not less than 12 months, and the monitoring period of insured units and individuals is not less than 6 months. If the monitoring period expires and there is no bad record during the period, it will be removed from the key monitoring scope.

V. Strengthen operation management and risk control, and lay a solid foundation for supervision.

(thirteen) to strengthen the management of medical insurance fund balance.Further expand the coverage of medical insurance, increase the collection of medical insurance coverage, do a good job in the verification of payment base and daily audit, and ensure that all insurance should be guaranteed and all receivables should be collected. The standard of medical insurance treatment should be adapted to the level of financing and local economic development. Under the premise of ensuring the balance of income and expenditure of medical insurance fund, the deductible line, capping line and payment ratio of medical insurance reimbursement should be set reasonably. The bank’s preferential interest rate policy will be implemented. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the balance of the medical insurance fund will be maintained and increased by taking time deposits, purchasing government bonds or conducting investment operations in accordance with state regulations.

(fourteen) to carry out actuarial management of the fund budget..Scientific preparation and strict implementation of the medical insurance fund revenue and expenditure budget, in principle, should not prepare the deficit budget of the current year, and should not prepare the accumulated balance deficit budget of the fund over the years. When compiling the budget, it is really necessary to use the accumulated balance over the years to make up for the expenditure of the current year, which shall conform to the provisions of the financial system of social insurance funds and be reported to the people’s government at the same level for examination and approval. Combined with budget management, improve the control measures of total medical insurance and promote the reform of medical insurance payment system. Local human resources, social security and financial departments should carry out long-term actuarial calculations of medical insurance funds, complete the actuarial calculations of the previous year before the end of June each year and report them to the human resources, social security and financial departments at the next higher level respectively, and improve relevant policies in a timely manner according to the reference actuarial results to ensure the actuarial balance of the funds.

(fifteen) to strengthen the fund risk early warning and risk point supervision.Carry out the safety assessment of medical insurance funds in the whole province, strengthen the identification, judgment, early warning and handling of medical insurance fund risks, improve the operational analysis, risk judgment and early warning response mechanism of medical insurance funds, scientifically set warning lines of various risk levels, implement risk grading monitoring and early warning, and immediately start the risk early warning response mechanism once risks are discovered. Comprehensively sort out the risk points of medical insurance fund operation, and strengthen risk prevention and control of social insurance agencies’ medical insurance treatment conditions review and payment, medical insurance fund settlement and other businesses. We will focus on the verification of illegal acts such as over-treatment of medical institutions, fictitious medical services, illegal cashing of retail pharmacies, swapping non-medical supplies, and fictitious labor relations of insured persons.

Sixth, strengthen organization and implementation

(sixteen) the implementation of territorial responsibility.. People’s governments of counties (cities, districts) at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership of medical insurance fund supervision, enrich the fund supervision power, and implement the responsibility of safety leadership, security, management and supervision of medical insurance fund. It is necessary to establish and improve the supervision and management system of medical insurance funds, and establish a work task ledger every year to ensure that all work is implemented. The relevant departments of the province should strengthen supervision and establish a sound accountability system. For cities where dereliction of duty and poor supervision have led to many illegal cases of fraudulent insurance or major cases of fraudulent insurance, the leaders of the provincial government or the responsible comrades of the higher authorities will interview the main responsible comrades of the governments or departments of the relevant cities and inform the province of the relevant situation. The safety supervision of medical insurance fund should be an important part of deepening the examination of medical reform.

(seventeen) to carry out publicity and education.Strengthen the publicity of medical insurance fund safety, focus on the publicity of typical cases, medical insurance laws and policies, and social insurance handling services, guide all relevant institutions and individuals to take a warning, take the initiative to participate in fund supervision, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to pay attention to, care for and support the safety of medical insurance funds.

This opinion will be implemented as of May 1, 2018 and is valid for 5 years.


Guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department

Guangdong Provincial Finance Department   Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission

Guangdong Food and Drug Administration

March 16, 2018

Attachment:Opinions on further strengthening the safety supervision of basic medical insurance funds (Guangdong People’s Social Regulation [2018] No.1)

German Defense Minister: The EU cannot fulfill its promise to deliver 1 million artillery shells to Ukraine.

  According to Agence France-Presse reported in Reference News on November 14th, German Defense Minister Boris Pistori said on the 14th that the EU would not be able to fulfill its previous commitment to supply 1 million artillery shells to Ukraine within one year. At the same time, the EU is trying to ensure the supply of weapons to Kiev.

  In March this year, the European Union approved a plan costing 2 billion euros and promised to provide 1 million artillery shells to Ukraine in the coming year. However, a source recently revealed that this plan has only been completed about 30%.

  At the meeting of defense ministers of EU member states held in Brussels on 14th, Pistori Uss questioned whether this goal was realistic. Pistori Uss said: "It was warned that one million shells are easy to export, money is available, but production must be in place. Unfortunately, these warnings have now been confirmed. What is certain is that 1 million shells will not be realized. "

  It is reported that this statement made by Pistori Ouss is the first time that high-level officials of EU countries have publicly admitted that this goal cannot be achieved, and the defense ministers of other countries attending the defense ministers’ meeting of EU members have not refuted Pistori Ouss’ statement. Some officials attending the meeting said that European military enterprises do not have the production capacity to achieve this goal. However, some officials believe that it is worthwhile to set an ambitious goal and encourage enterprises to increase production capacity, and say that European military enterprises are "making progress" in increasing production capacity.

  According to borrell, the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, in the first phase of the EU’s ammunition aid program to Ukraine, the EU has provided more than 300,000 artillery shells, some of which came from ammunition stocks of member countries. In the second phase of the plan, the key task of the EU is to order more shells from military enterprises according to the joint ammunition procurement plan.

  According to CCTV news, the European Defence Agency said on September 29th that according to an EU joint ammunition procurement plan drawn up in March this year, seven EU countries have ordered 155 mm caliber artillery shells for Ukraine. According to the plan, EU countries except neutral countries and Norway will jointly purchase ammunition for Ukraine. The EU also promised to provide Ukraine with 1 million 155 mm caliber artillery shells within one year. At that time, the European Defence Agency indicated that there might be more ammunition orders from EU member states in the coming months.

Extreme Yue Automobile: 07 listed at a preferential price of 199,900, with a cruising range of 880km.

[Model 07 of Extreme Yue Automobile was officially launched, with a price of 199,900-289,900 yuan] On September 10th, Extreme Yue Automobile, jointly built by Baidu and Geely Holding Group, released its second product, Model 07, which was positioned as an AI smart car. At the press conference, Li Yanhong, Chairman and CEO of Baidu, Zeng Yuqun, Chairman and CEO of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, and Li Bin, founder of Weilai, were present to support. Xia Yiping, CEO of Jiyue, said that 07 is the world’s first car with an investment of over 100 billion yuan, with top endurance and cost performance. Extreme Yue 07 is the first to take Baidu ASD Apollo high-order intelligent driving system, and adopts the scheme of "pure vision+end-to-end large model" to support a variety of complex driving scenarios. The car is also equipped with the industry’s first native AI model cockpit, and SIMO2.0 speech recognition speed is as fast as 500ms, which supports smooth interaction in a network-free environment. In terms of battery life, Extreme Yue 07 offers three configurations, the standard CLTC has a battery life of 660km, the long battery life version of 880km and the performance version of 770km. Extreme Yue 07 is equipped with high-performance three-electric system, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Kirin battery and 800V silicon carbide technology, and the electric drive efficiency is as high as 96.5%. Zeng Yuqun, chairman of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, as the owner of No.001, highly recognized the performance of Extreme Yue 07. According to the data in August, the sales volume of a single model reached 2,117, and the delivery volume for two consecutive months doubled.

(Editor: Cao Yanyan HA008)

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Exclusive! FAW-Volkswagen 09 Magotan 6 car configuration exposure

Model picture Basic parameter Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG luxury model Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG luxury model Manufacturer’s guide price 226,800 236,800 251,800 263,800 Dealer quotation manufacturer FAW-Volkswagen FAW-Volkswagen FAW-Volkswagen FAW-Volkswagen grade in-between car in-between car in-between car in-between car Energy type petrol petrol petrol petrol Environmental protection standard Country IV (country v) Country IV (country v) Guo IV+OBD Guo IV+OBD Time to market 2009.03 2009.03 2009.03 2009.03 Maximum power (kW) 118 118 147 147 Maximum torque (n m) 250 250 280 280 engine 1.8T 160 HP L4 1.8T 160 HP L4 2.0T 200 HP L4 2.0T 200 HP L4 gearbox 6-gear wet dual clutch 6-gear wet dual clutch 6-gear wet dual clutch 6-gear wet dual clutch Length * width * height (mm) 4765*1820*1472 4765*1820*1472 4765*1820*1472 4765*1820*1472 Body structure 4-door 5-seat sedan 4-door 5-seat sedan 4-door 5-seat sedan 4-door 5-seat sedan Maximum speed (km/h) 210 210 230 230 Official 0-100km/h acceleration (s) 9.5 9.5 8.3 8.3 Measured 0-100km/h acceleration (s) – 8.2 – 7.43 Measured braking at 100-0km/h (m) – forty-two – 39.14 NEDC comprehensive fuel consumption (L/100km) 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.3 Measured fuel consumption (L/100km) – nine – 9.7 Vehicle warranty Two years or 60 thousand kilometers Two years or 60 thousand kilometers Two years or 60 thousand kilometers Two years or 60 thousand kilometers Warranty policy for the first car owner – – – – bodywork Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG luxury model Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG luxury model Length (mm) 4765 4765 4765 4765 Width (mm) 1820 1820 1820 1820 Height (mm) 1472 1472 1472 1472 Wheelbase (mm) 2709 2709 2709 2709 Front track (mm) 1552 1552 1552 1552 Rear wheel track (mm) 1551 1551 1551 1551 Minimum ground clearance under full load (mm) 114 114 114 114 Body structure Sedan Sedan Sedan Sedan Number of vehicles (units) four four four four Number of seats (units) five five five five Tank volume (l) 70 70 70 70 Trunk volume (l) 565 565 565 565 Curb quality (kg) 1560 1560 1565 1565 engine Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG luxury model Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG luxury model Engine model – – – – Displacement (mL) 1798 1798 1984 1984 Displacement (l) 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 Air intake form turbocharge turbocharge turbocharge turbocharge Engine layout – – – – Cylinder arrangement form L L L L Number of cylinders (each) four four four four Number of valves per cylinder (units) four four four four Compression ratio 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 admission gear DOHC DOHC DOHC DOHC Cylinder diameter (mm) 82.5 82.5 82.5 82.5 Travel (mm) 84.1 84.1 92.8 92.8 Maximum horsepower (Ps) 160 160 200 200 Maximum power (kW) 118 118 147 147 Maximum power speed (rpm) 5000-6200 5000-6200 5000-6000 5000-6000 Maximum torque (n m) 250 250 280 280 Maximum torque speed (rpm) 1500-4200 1500-4200 1800-5000 1800-5000 Maximum net power (kW) – – – – Engine specific technology – – variable phase variable phase Fuel form petrol petrol petrol petrol Fuel label No.95 No.95 No.95 No.95 Oil supply mode Direct injection Direct injection Mixed injection Mixed injection Cylinder head material aluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminium alloy Cylinder block material cast iron cast iron cast iron cast iron Environmental protection standard Country IV (country v) Country IV (country v) Guo IV+OBD Guo IV+OBD gearbox Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG luxury model Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG luxury model Number of gears six six six six Gearbox type Wet dual clutch gearbox (DCT) Wet dual clutch gearbox (DCT) Wet dual clutch gearbox (DCT) Wet dual clutch gearbox (DCT) abbreviation 6-gear wet dual clutch 6-gear wet dual clutch 6-gear wet dual clutch 6-gear wet dual clutch Chassis steering Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG luxury model Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG luxury model type of drive Precursor Precursor Precursor Precursor Four-wheel drive form – – – – Central differential structure – – – – Front suspension type mcphersonindependent suspension mcphersonindependent suspension mcphersonindependent suspension mcphersonindependent suspension Rear suspension type Four-link independent suspension Four-link independent suspension Four-link independent suspension Four-link independent suspension Type of assistance Electric booster Electric booster Electric booster Electric booster Car body structure Bearing type Bearing type Bearing type Bearing type Wheel braking Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 1.8TSI DSG luxury model Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG Comfort Type Magotan 2009 2.0TSI DSG luxury model Front brake type Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Ventilated disc Rear brake type disc-type disc-type disc-type disc-type Parking brake type electrical parking brake electrical parking brake electrical parking brake electrical parking brake Former tyre size 215/55 R16 215/55 R16 215/55 R16 215/55 R16 After tyre size. 215/55 R16 215/55 R16 215/55 R16 215/55 R16 Spare tire specification Non-Full-Size Non-Full-Size Non-Full-Size Non-Full-Size

Deng Xiaoping’s "Funeral Diplomacy" against the New Leader of the CPSU [Figure]


Profile photo: During Brezhnev’s tenure, the strength of the Soviet Union reached its highest level in history. (Global Times)



Profile photo: Brezhnev (Global Times)


  On November 10, 1982, Brezhnev, the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, died suddenly. China sent State Councilor and Foreign Minister Huang Hua as a "special envoy" to attend his funeral. When the personnel exchanges between China and the Soviet Union were cut off for 17 or 18 years, this "big move" immediately aroused widespread concern in the international community, and it was called "a funeral diplomacy initiated by Deng Xiaoping against the new leadership of the Soviet Communist Party".


  The response to "the swan song"


  After the founding of New China, the foreign policy of "leaning to the Soviet Union" was implemented out of consideration of the international situation and domestic needs. The Soviet Union also gave China various support and assistance for the needs of domestic and foreign affairs. The two parties and countries of China and the Soviet Union have experienced a period of friendly cooperation for nearly 10 years. However, in 1958, the incidents of "Long Wave Radio", "Joint Fleet" and "Guning the Golden Gate" caused a rift between the two parties. Since the mid-1960s, Sino-Soviet relations began to deteriorate. By the spring and summer of 1969, a large-scale armed conflict had taken place in areas such as Zhenbao Island on the Sino-Soviet border, with heavy casualties on both sides. From 1965 to 1982, in more than 10 years, the personnel exchanges between China and the Soviet Union were completely interrupted, and the bilateral business exchanges were limited to a little bit of trade and a weekly flight and a train, and the relationship between the two countries was almost at the end of their tether. In this regard, some people commented: "In the’ black tunnel’ of Sino-Soviet relations, there is neither a bright spot nor an end."


  This serious opposition and confrontation between China and the Soviet Union has greatly damaged the fundamental interests of both sides. It is the urgent desire of the Chinese and Soviet people and the necessity of the development of relations between the two great neighbors to fundamentally reverse this abnormal situation and return the relations between the two countries to the track of good-neighborly friendship and cooperation. Fortunately, after Deng Xiaoping’s comeback, he pursued the policy of strengthening the country and enriching the people, easing the world situation and friendly cooperation with other countries. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee decided to create a peaceful international environment, especially the surrounding environment, and shift the focus of the work of the whole party and the whole country to economic construction. These major decisions provide a solid basis for China to adjust its foreign strategy, including easing its relations with the Soviet Union. At the same time, the Soviet Union also began to adjust its foreign strategy and gradually ease its relations with China.


  Brezhnev was the supreme leader of the Soviet Union at that time. In October 1964, he succeeded Khrushchev as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In the first half of his term, Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated to a serious degree. However, Brezhnev realized the importance of reversing the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations in the late period of his administration, and in 1982, the last year of his life, he sent out several signals to improve relations.


  On March 24th, 1982, Brezhnev took the opportunity of holding a celebration and chose Tashkent, not far from China, to make a public speech. Relations with China were the core content of his speech. Although this speech is still attacking China, it is new and qualitatively different from Brezhnev’s previous speeches on improving Sino-Soviet relations. He emphasized the socialist nature of China and China’s sovereignty over Taiwan Province and opposed the "two China". This positive attitude is the first time in Brezhnev’s 18 years in power.


  Deng Xiaoping recognized the implication of Brezhnev’s speech and instructed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to respond immediately. Therefore, Qian Qichen, then director of the Information Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, held a press conference, noting Brezhnev’s speech, resolutely rejecting his attack on China, and stressing that it depends on the actual actions of the Soviet side.


  I was working in the Soviet Union Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and attended the conference. It is the first time in the diplomatic history and news history of New China that a spokesman releases news. The news soon spread to all parts of the world by radio waves. On March 27th, People’s Daily published the above three sentences in the middle of the front page. On the 30th, the Soviet Pravda also published a message for this purpose.


  The first "speech" made by the first spokesman of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs is obviously different from our long-standing attitude of "exposing", "criticizing", "topping" and "fighting" against the Soviet position. There are 77 words in just three sentences, which leaves people a lot of room for aftertaste. Some foreign media commented that China and the Soviet Union, which have been fighting for 20 or 30 years, "seem to have the possibility of reconciliation". If this is the case, "the world will change for it".


  After Qian Qichen became the deputy foreign minister in charge of the Soviet Union in May, 1982, he talked to us many times about the reason why Comrade Xiaoping took such a "big action". After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Comrade Xiaoping made a new judgment on the world-wide war and peace issues and decided to change the overall diplomatic strategy. After generally straightening out Sino-US relations, he put the issue of easing Sino-Soviet relations on the agenda, and the message conveyed by Brezhnev’s "324" speech just provided a good opportunity. Therefore, Comrade Xiaoping firmly grasped this opportunity and responded quickly.


  Brezhnev died 230 days after his "324" speech. This speech was later called the "swan song" of Bob. Some people call this "swan song" and Comrade Xiaoping’s response to it "indirect dialogue" between Deng Bo.


  Two-step "high chess"


  Comrade Xiaoping made a quick response to Brezhnev’s "324" speech and then took a series of follow-up actions. On April 16th, 1982, he asked Romanian leader ceausescu, who was visiting China, to give Brezhnev a message. On August 10th, Yu Hongliang, director of the Soviet Union Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was secretly sent to Moscow to deliver information. These two measures are intended to push the top leaders of the Soviet Union to take substantial steps in improving Sino-Soviet relations. In accordance with Comrade Xiaoping’s instructions, in the autumn of that year, we started political consultations with the Soviet side at the vice foreign minister level on the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations. What should be pointed out in particular is that Comrade Xiaoping also grasped an accidental opportunity in time and skillfully, and took two steps of "high chess".


  One is to send a special envoy to attend the funeral. As the saying goes, things are unpredictable. On November 10th, Brezhnev suddenly died of illness. At that time, I worked in China’s embassy in the Soviet Union for the second time, and served as the second secretary, in charge of external liaison. Just after 6 o’clock in the morning on the 11th, as usual, I turned on Soviet CCTV 1, and the picture on the screen simply stunned me: Brezhnev’s standard picture was framed with a black border, and the obituary was almost finished. I really can’t believe my eyes and ears. Just four days ago, that is, on November 7th, when the October Revolution Day parade and parade was held in Moscow’s Red Square, Brezhnev was fine, and his last stop in Lenin’s Mausoleum was two and a half hours, followed by a National Day reception in the Kremlin Hall. At that time, the envoys lined up to propose a toast to him, and he was very happy and looked very energetic. According to the Soviets, it was 15 degrees below zero that day, and he was frozen out of illness. The heart and lungs of the 76-year-old man couldn’t stand it, and it passed in a few days.


  Ambassador Yang Shouzheng asked me to report to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs immediately. I soon got in touch with the comrades of the Soviet Union Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs through the government high-frequency telephone (that is, the "hotline"). The other party said that it had seen the news broadcast by Tass, and asked the embassy to closely observe the development of the situation and report back the relevant situation and views as soon as possible.


  Many people in the embassy think that we can take the opportunity to send people to Brezhnev’s funeral and hold a "funeral diplomacy" to expand the achievements of Deng Xiaoping-Brezhnev’s "indirect dialogue". However, some people think that it is still difficult to take such a big step when Sino-Soviet relations are still deteriorating.


  On the evening of 11th, the Embassy received three domestic decisions on Brezhnev’s death: (1) sending a message of condolence in the name of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC); (2) Ulanhu, Vice Chairman of the National People’s Congress, went to the Soviet Embassy in China to offer condolences; (3) Send State Councilor and Foreign Minister Huang Hua to Moscow as People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s special envoy to participate in condolence activities. We soon learned that these decisions were made at the instigation of Comrade Xiaoping. This is a far-sighted "big hand" of the old man.


  In Beijing and Moscow, the Soviet side got this official news successively. The Soviet reaction to this was: unexpected, but not unpredictable.


  After reading the domestic calls, my comrades in the embassy and I felt very excited. Several sad and comforting "firsts" were about to appear: the highest authority in China sent a telegram to the Soviet side for the first time in nearly 20 years on a non-celebration event; Chinese leaders entered the Soviet embassy in China for the first time in seventeen or eighteen years; Our leaders met with Soviet leaders for the first time in 13 years.


  On the morning of the 12th, the Chinese embassy was informed that there were four officials accompanying Special Envoy Huang Hua-Yang Shouzheng, Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and the head of the Soviet Union Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In China, the embassy was also asked to send three people to assist the delegation, and I was appointed as the liaison of the delegation.


  Second, the special envoy made a written "talk" at the airport. At 4 o’clock in the morning on 14th (Moscow time, the same below), Special Envoy Huang Hua and his party left Beijing for Moscow. At about 6 o’clock, China sent a written conversation made by Special Envoy Huang Hua at the Capital Airport before he left Beijing by plain telegram. We soon learned that shortly after the plane of my special envoy took off, Comrade Xiaoping gave instructions to make a speech immediately, and directly invited Hu Qiaomu, who was praised by overseas Chinese as a "mainland man with courage", to draft a draft. According to Comrade Xiaoping’s dictation, Hu Qiaomu soon drafted the written conversation of Special Envoy Huang Hua (hereinafter referred to as "the conversation").


  When the "conversation" is printed, it will be only one page of 4C paper. I read it carefully for several times and found that the article was short but meaningful.


  The "talk" called Brezhnev "an outstanding state activist of the Soviet Union" and said that his death was "a great loss to the Soviet country and people". It is pointed out that shortly before his death, he "expressed his commitment to improving Sino-Soviet relations in many speeches", and China expressed "appreciation" for these speeches. These refreshing expressions are a big step forward compared with the three sentences that a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said not long ago. This is another "big hand" by Comrade Xiaoping. This is an opportunity for the elderly to mourn the dead and focus on the Soviet people, aiming to do the work of the new leadership of the Soviet Communist Party.


  "Talk" also has two brilliant pens. A clever pen is that there is such a reference in the article: by the late 1960s, Sino-Soviet relations had "deteriorated to a serious extent". Anyone with a discerning eye will understand at a glance that this is a "soft nail" deliberately set, suggesting that Brezhnev, who was in power during this period, should take responsibility for the "serious" and "deterioration" of relations between the two countries. This sentence hides the needle in the cotton, which subtly reflects the spirit of Comrade Xiaoping’s instruction about "not just saying good things" to Brezhnev. Another wonderful pen is that there was a sentence at the end of the "talk": "I hope that General Secretary andropov and the Soviet party and government authorities will make new efforts to promote the gradual improvement of Sino-Soviet relations." There is a "general secretary" and a "party and government authority" in it, and there is something in it, which implies a new public recognition of the ruling status of Soviet communist party. As early as the early 1960 s, the Chinese Communist Party began to criticize the CPSU, and the more firepower it approved, the more fierce it became, and one batch lasted for 20 years. Comrade Xiaoping, the protagonist of the face-to-face debate with the leaders of the CPSU, has now turned his pen around, probably to let the new leaders of the CPSU hear something between the lines.


  At 11 o’clock, Ambassador Yang Shouzheng arrived in the VIP room of Moscow airport early, waiting for the arrival of Special Envoy Huang Hua. About 20 minutes later, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Ilichev also came. As soon as he met Ambassador Yang, he was pleased to say that he had read the document (referring to the written conversation of Special Envoy Huang Hua before he left Beijing), and it was written "very positively", so his evaluation of it was naturally "very positive". Ilichev also said half jokingly: "If the ambassador is allowed to make comments, I will take the liberty to say two points." Ambassador Yang said with great interest, "Go ahead." So, he pulled out a piece of paper from his coat pocket (probably a news release issued by Tass news agency), pointed to a place and said: The word "construction" in the "document" is a bit bald, and it would be better if the adjective "socialist" was added in front of it! He also said that only one place in the "document" used the word "Party" (referring to the CPSU), and it would be icing on the cake if it could be used once or twice elsewhere! After the old diplomat finished his two opinions, he squinted at Ambassador Yang and seemed to feel that he had "hit the nail on the head". Seeing his smug look, I can’t help but smile: this "old ginger" is so "spicy"!


  At 12: 10, as soon as Special Envoy Huang Hua arrived in the VIP room of the airport, Ambassador Yang Shouzheng immediately invited him aside and reported the "written conversation" in Beijing. Huang Hua was stunned when he heard this, and said, "Oh, that’s what happened. I made a’ written conversation’ before I left Beijing this morning!" After reading the "talk" manuscript given to him, he immediately said: "Comrade Xiaoping’s decision is really wise! Comrade Qiao Mu’s article is really well written! " I accompanied Ambassador Yang to stand beside Special Envoy Huang Hua, and obviously I could feel that Special Envoy Huang Hua was very excited about Comrade Xiaoping’s "ingenious pen".


  Ilichev stood four or five meters away, squinting at China’s special envoy and ambassador, as if trying to guess what the two senior diplomats in China were whispering. This deputy foreign minister is a philosopher. During Khrushchev’s time, he was the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, in charge of ideological work. He was in charge of African affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, and he also talked with us about border and state relations for 10 years. Nevertheless, he may not be so proficient in the nuances of China’s "political culture". At this point, although the Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister "thoroughly understood" the meaning of Special Envoy China’s talk, I’m afraid it’s hard to predict that the origin of the "talk" is so strange.


  Superstandard courtesy


  Brezhnev’s funeral is scheduled to be held at 9: 00 on November 15th in Red Square. On the evening of 14th, the Soviet side arranged for a foreign delegation to bid farewell to the body of the deceased. At 18: 50, Special Envoy Huang Hua and his party arrived at the cylindrical hall in the center of Moscow. At 19: 00, the farewell ceremony of the body began. Party and government leaders in socialist countries are at the forefront of the mourning team. The Soviet side also arranged special envoy Huang Hua in a relatively high position. Brezhnev was lying in an extra-large coffin, his face was ruddy, as if he were asleep (the Soviet makeup artist’s skill of "beautifying" the deceased was world-class), and those two "characteristic" heavy eyebrows were particularly "eye-catching". The deceased was dressed in black, and the left side of his coat was almost covered with various medals awarded to him at home and abroad, shining. The coffin was surrounded by red and black ribbons and layers of flowers. Four ceremonial soldiers were divided into two columns and stood in front of the coffin for a wake.


  The wreaths sent by leaders of various countries were placed on both sides of the coffin in rows, and the wreaths presented by Special Envoy Huang Hua were placed in a more prominent position. Inside and outside the cylindrical hall, there are red and black paddles about half a meter wide and 10 to 20 meters long. More than a dozen "Big Mac" crystal chandeliers in the hall were covered with black veils, giving off dim yellow light, and the deep sorrow and joy swirled gently indoors, making the atmosphere extremely solemn and solemn. Special envoy Huang Hua and four accompanying personnel stood in front of the salute and observed a moment of silence for two or three minutes to Brezhnev’s body. As the liaison of the delegation, I stood on the side of the cylindrical hall and witnessed the final farewell to Brezhnev.


  At 8 o’clock on the 15th, CCTV stations in the Soviet Union began to broadcast the funeral live in parallel. I have been working with the group, and when I watched the TV replay afterwards, I carefully recorded the whole process of the funeral of the supreme leader of the Soviet Union.


  At 8: 30, the coffin containing Brezhnev’s body was carried out from the cylindrical hall in two rows by 12 soldiers, and then placed on the cannon car beside the main entrance. The sides of the cannon car are decorated with red and black straps and flowers. In a short time, the cannon car slowly started and slowly sailed to Red Square one or two kilometers away. On both sides of the road along the way, soldiers stood one by one, and behind them stood rows of ordinary people, in a continuous line. Television cameras tracked the spectacular scene of the gun car funeral from the helicopter.


  At 8: 55, the cannon car arrived in Lenin’s Mausoleum, Red Square, and was parked about six or seven meters away in front of the center of the mausoleum. Ten or twenty guards marched to the cannon car and stood in two columns on both sides of the car.


  Special Envoy Huang Hua and his four accompanying personnel arrived at Red Square at 8: 20, and were arranged on the first step of the cement steps on the viewing platform on the left side of Lenin’s Mausoleum. This is the second time that a China leader attended the funeral of the supreme leader of the Soviet Union after Premier Zhou Enlai attended Stalin’s funeral. At the side and back of Special Envoy Huang Hua, the party and government leaders of socialist countries and some Asian and African countries stood, and few of them accompanied them.


  On the viewing platform above Lenin’s Mausoleum, andropov, the new general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, all members of the Political Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee and the Central Secretary, and Brezhnev’s wife Brezhneva stood on the left, while the Soviet generals stood in a row on the right.


  At 9 o’clock, the funeral began. Andropov delivered a eulogy, and representatives from all walks of life delivered speeches successively. It was very cold that day, about MINUS 20 degrees. In front of every speaker, there were layers of non-water and non-ice mist.


  At 9: 50, the funeral ended. Andropov led a group of leaders down from Lenin’s Mausoleum and walked to the left of the mausoleum. At this time, 12 soldiers were divided into two columns, and the coffin was lifted from the gunboat, and then it was carried by the shoulder to the leader of the CPSU. Twelve leaders, including andropov, also stepped forward in two rows and stood outside the two rows of soldiers. Six soldiers in each of the two columns immediately leaned back together, and one by one put their hands on the coffin hard to make room for the leaders standing on both sides to carry the coffin. Andropov and others each held the coffin symbolically with one hand. In a short time, the coffin was carried by 24 people to the grave already dug on the left side of Lenin’s Mausoleum. Twelve soldiers tugged at the 12 thick ropes tied to the sides of the coffin with both hands and slowly put the coffin under the grave. After the ceremony, the leader of the CPSU standing beside the tomb took off his hat and bowed his head in silence for a long time, then watched the last journey of his old friend. Dressed in a long black dress, a black headscarf and a black gloves, Brezhneva walked slowly to the grave, bent down to pick up a handful of loess and gently spread it to the deceased. A wisp of pale yellow smoke suddenly floated over the cemetery …


  At 14: 30, Special Envoy Huang Hua, accompanied by Ambassador Yang Shouzheng and translator Li Fenglin, went to the George Hall of the Grand Kremlin to wait for andropov’s meeting. In advance, the Soviet protocol officer told me that General Secretary andropov was eager to meet with Special Envoy Huang Hua, but it was difficult for him to meet individually because of the large number of delegations who came to attend the condolences, so he had to meet collectively and talk one by one.


  Andropov is no stranger to the older people in China. He was the head of the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Before the serious deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, he accompanied the Soviet delegation or led a delegation by himself, and visited or passed through China several times. He also participated in the talks of important leaders of China and the Soviet Union many times. The day after Brezhnev’s death, he was elected as the new general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. This is the fifth supreme leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnev in the past 65 years.


  At 14: 55, andropov came to George Hall. His meeting with Special Envoy Huang Hua was arranged at the front. The new supreme leader of the Soviet Union held my special envoy’s hand tightly to welcome him. Special envoy Huang Hua once again expressed "deep condolences" on Brezhnev’s death on behalf of China leaders, saying that it was "a great loss for the Soviet country and people"; He conveyed the congratulations of China leaders on his election as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and wished him "great achievements" in his new important post. He said that China sincerely hopes that with the joint efforts of both sides, the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations can be realized.


  After listening attentively to Li Fenglin’s translation, andropov said that he was very grateful that the China Party and government sent special envoys to attend Brezhnev’s funeral. He also said that he believed that the relationship between China and the Soviet Union would definitely improve.


  When Special Envoy Huang Hua returned to the Moscow Hotel where he stayed, he said happily, "We were treated with special courtesy today. General Secretary andropov talked with me for three or four minutes. His conversations with leaders of other countries are relatively short, mostly only one or two minutes. " Shortly after, the responsible officials of the First Far East Department of the Soviet Foreign Ministry specially came to the residence of the delegation to check the Russian record of the conversation between Special Envoy Huang Hua and andropov with Li Fenglin. This shows that the Soviet side attaches importance to the conversation between Special Envoy China and the supreme leader of the Soviet Union on this special occasion.


  As many as 150 or 60 foreign delegations attended the funeral in Moscow this time, including 40 or 50 high-level delegations at the level of top leaders of the party and state and heads of government. Huang Hua was then a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Relatively speaking, this level was not high. However, in terms of protocol arrangements, the Soviet side always puts my special envoy in a position of being a very important guest. This is a super-standard courtesy. On the one hand, it shows that the new leaders of the CPSU value China’s weight; On the other hand, it also shows that the Soviet side expects the relationship between the two major parties and countries of China and the Soviet Union to take this opportunity to gradually embark on the track of normal development.


  The highlight of the trip to Moscow


  Special envoy Huang Hua’s trip to Moscow is shouldering the important mission of understanding the policy intention of the new leadership of the Soviet Communist Party towards China and explaining my policy toward the Soviet Union to the Soviet leaders face to face. In addition to talking with General Secretary andropov, he also offered to meet with gromyko, member of the Political Bureau of the CPSU and foreign minister of the Soviet Union, in accordance with Comrade Xiaoping’s instructions. In this regard, the Soviet side gave a positive response.


  The meeting between the foreign ministers of China and the Soviet Union is scheduled to begin at 16: 00 on November 16th in the Soviet Foreign Ministry. This is the first meeting between the foreign ministers of the two countries in 20 years. At the beginning of the conversation, gromyko said that he had just come from the new general secretary of the CPSU, and he could "responsibly" tell China friends on behalf of andropov that the CPSU advocated improving Sino-Soviet relations.


  During the meeting, Foreign Minister Huang Hua focused on eliminating the "three major obstacles" that hinder the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations, that is, eliminating the Soviet threat to China from the north, west and south, and asking the Soviet leadership to make political decisions. In this regard, gromyko first avoided it, and then simply said that issues involving third countries were out of the question. He also said: "China does not have to be afraid of the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union will not threaten China at all." After listening to this, Foreign Minister Huang Hua immediately replied: "We have to worry about our own safety, but we can’t lose sleep." The two sides have repeatedly confronted each other for several rounds, each holding its own views and not giving in to each other.


  The meeting lasted nearly two hours before it ended. After that, gromyko walked out of the meeting hall and arrived at the elevator through a corridor of 20 or 30 meters before shaking hands with my foreign minister. A Soviet official who accompanied me quietly told me that it is rare for Foreign Minister Ge to be so polite in seeing guests off.


  Although the meeting between the foreign ministers of China and the Soviet Union failed to achieve substantive results, its symbolic significance is obvious, which indicates that the political climate between China and the Soviet Union has gradually changed from "cloudy" to "cloudy" and then to "sunny".


  After 6 pm, the motorcade of Foreign Minister Huang Hua and his party left the Soviet Foreign Ministry and headed for our embassy in the Soviet Union. When he arrived at the embassy, Foreign Minister Huang said to everyone, "This flight will come and return, and we will stay in Moscow for three and a half days. Now that more than half of the time has passed, all the tasks assigned by Comrade Xiaoping have been completed. I will visit’ Star City’ tomorrow. From now on, everyone can relax. " He also said: "Look at the materials introducing Star City. Its official name is Gagarin Astronaut Training Center. Listening to the comrades of the embassy, this place is not open to the outside world at present. Obviously, this is a special courtesy for us. " Then, Foreign Minister Huang asked if the flower basket for the monument to Gagarin, the world’s first astronaut, was ready. After receiving my affirmative answer, he said that the wreath we presented to Brezhnev the day before yesterday was made of flowers, big and good, and it was particularly eye-catching in the cylindrical hall.


  Then, Foreign Minister Huang pointed out that the meeting with gromyko just now was the "highlight" of this Moscow trip. He asked everyone to briefly discuss their views on the conversation of the Soviet foreign minister. Before everyone could speak, Huang Hua said, "Look at the materials written by the embassy. Our foreign minister has not been to Moscow for 20 years. The last time Mr. Chen came, it was in the summer of 1961. He passed by Moscow on his way home after attending the Geneva International Conference on Laos. The Central Committee of the CPSU offered gromyko to meet him. " Foreign Minister Huang said with a little excitement: "How abnormal it is that the two neighboring countries have heard each other’s voices, but they have been dead for 20 years!" He also said, "The comrades in the embassy told me that it was in this room that Mr. Chen met with you and talked about the general trend of the world. Twenty years later, I, the foreign minister of China, came to Moscow, and now I’m at the embassy. Comrades, this is a feeling of returning home. Although it is late, I am still very excited. "


  Later, Huang Hua’s entourage talked about the afternoon conversation of the Soviet Foreign Minister. Everyone’s opinion is more consistent:


  -gromyko’s point of view, compared with the position held by the Soviet side in the first round of Sino-Soviet political consultations recently, is no different. It is still evasive and superficial (referring to only talking about specific bilateral exchanges), rather than touching "flesh and blood" (referring to the "three major obstacles" between China and the Soviet Union).


  -andropov came to power at the beginning, in terms of foreign affairs, no matter to the United States or to China, he will generally remain the same, and it is difficult to achieve much in the short term. Moreover, he is weak and sick, so we should not expect too much from him.


  -Among the "three obstacles", the Vietnam-Cambodia issue is the most difficult, and the Soviet side may continue to push hard and be mentally prepared for a long time.


  The Extension of the First Funeral Diplomacy


  When andropov, who was over 68 years old, took over the post of General Secretary of the CPSU, his renal function was close to a serious decline. He wore this "heavy hat" (in Tsar Boris Godunov’s language) out of helplessness, not out of "desire for leadership". Among the older CPSU members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, handsome talents are scarce. Even if there is a handle, there is no intention to provoke the burden of "leader". Gorbachev, the "rising star of the Kremlin", is only 51 years old and still young. He has been working in the central government for several years and has been in charge of agriculture. He has not made any great achievements, and it is difficult to hold down the position of a big party and country at once.


  Among the ordinary people in the Soviet Union, most people have high hopes for andropov’s administration, especially the new leader who has served as the chairman of the National Security Council (KGB) for a long time, and can use an "iron fist" to rectify Brezhnev’s various drawbacks in his later years. Shortly after andropov took office, he opposed Brezhnev’s lofty formulation of "developed socialism" and positioned the development stage of the Soviet Union only as "the primary stage of developed socialism". The new general secretary may have a premonition that the coming days are numbered, and he has drastically implemented the "New Deal" at home and abroad. Regrettably, andropov "but before he could conquer, he was dead" died in Moscow on February 9, 1984, and his "reign" was only one year and more than three months. Chernenko, who took over one year later, finally fell ill. China government sent leaders to attend their funerals. In this regard, some people call it the second and third "funeral diplomacy" to the Soviet Union.


  Vice Premier Wan Li attended andropov’s funeral, and the Soviet side gave him a high-standard reception. Chernenko, the new general secretary of the CPSU, had a friendly conversation with Vice Premier Wan Li when meeting with foreign leaders collectively. Aliyev, the first vice-president of the Soviet Council of Ministers, held talks with him.


  Vice Premier Li Peng attended chernenko’s funeral. Gorbachev, who took over as general secretary, held a formal meeting with him. This is the first time that China’s leaders have held talks with the supreme leader of the Soviet Union after 20 years. At the end of the year, Gorbachev took the initiative to meet with Vice Premier Li Peng, who was passing through Moscow on his way home from a visit. During the two meetings, the two sides talked about major issues of common concern in a frank and realistic atmosphere, which enhanced mutual understanding and promoted the improvement of bilateral relations.


  The first "funeral diplomacy" with the Soviet Union broke the "ice" of Sino-Soviet relations. The latter two "funeral diplomacy" are its extension. Successive "funeral diplomacy" has continuously improved the level and level of contacts and exchanges between the two sides. In 1984 and 1985, the first deputy prime ministers of China and the Soviet Union exchanged visits after an interval of more than 20 years.


  Speaking of "funeral diplomacy" to the Soviet Union, I also think of a past event that enlightened my mind. Since October 1982, several members of our negotiating team have been following Vice Foreign Minister Qian Qichen back and forth between Beijing and Moscow to hold political consultations with Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Ilichev on the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations. The views of both sides were pointed at Maimang, and the "deaf dialogue" lasted for three years. We often show impatience with this futile marathon negotiation. Vice Foreign Minister Qian always tries to enlighten us after learning about it. There is one reason, which I think is particularly practical. He said: "Since the beginning of the consultation, the Soviet Union’s national fortune was not prosperous, and three’ sick men’ (Brezhnev, andropov and chernenko) ruled the country. In less than two and a half years, the Kremlin changed hands, and three top leaders died one after another. China sent leaders to Moscow three times to attend funerals. Imagine, in this unique situation of’ unprecedented’, how can we expect others to solve such a major problem as the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations with us? "


  In the diplomatic history of New China, there was a famous "ping pong diplomacy" (April 1971), and "the small ball turned the big ball" (Premier Zhou said). It is it that has pried open the "closed door" of Sino-US relations. The "funeral diplomacy" initiated by Comrade Xiaoping to the Soviet Union in November 1982 marked the turning point of Sino-Soviet relations from opposition and confrontation to dialogue and cooperation, which was an important part of China’s foreign policy and even the whole reform and opening up, and had a great and far-reaching impact on both domestic and foreign affairs. Since then, under the unremitting promotion of Comrade Xiaoping for many years, Gorbachev has finally made up his mind to solve the "three major obstacles" after three and a half years in the Kremlin. The Deng Xiaoping-Gorbachev meeting held in Beijing on May 16th, 1989 declared the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations. Since then, this turning point has become an irresistible "great tide". After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the new norms of relations between the two countries set in the process of normalization of Sino-Soviet relations were successfully inherited by the Sino-Russian "strategic cooperative partnership" and carried forward for the benefit of the two peoples.

Editor: Bo Du

Comments on Top Ten Independent Compact New Cars in 2014

    [XCAR domestic new car original]

    Near the end of the year, it’s time for a year’s summary. Today we will continue to talk about our own brands. It must be affirmed that the self-owned brand has made rapid progress in recent years. In addition to constantly introducing mid-to high-end models and breaking through to the high-end, in the compact car market inherent in the self-owned brand, the level of self-owned brand new cars has long been different, no matter from the technical or design point of view, it has matured a lot and gradually moved closer to the joint venture models at the same level. While the quality of products is rising, independent brands continue to maintain their advantages in cost performance, and impress consumers with the price that is close to the people. Let’s review ten important self-owned brand compact models listed this year. If you have plans to buy a car before the end of the year or the Spring Festival, these ten new cars are also worth considering.

Comments on Top Ten Independent Compact New Cars in 2014

    ● Hippocampus familia M5 

    Time to market: May 8.  

    Price range: 74,900-118,900 yuan

    Editor’s comment: The new Familia M5 has larger body size, younger design and more interesting technology, and its competitiveness has undoubtedly improved on the basis of the old Familia. However, in the highly competitive independent compact market, Familia M5 has no shortcomings, but it doesn’t have many advantages, and its advantages are not outstanding. It is not so easy to break through!

    On May 8th, the brand-new Familia M5 in Haima was officially released. The new car is divided into 1.6 automatic transmission and manual transmission, with a total of 9 models, and the price range is 7.49-118,900 yuan. The new car will also launch a 1.5T model.

 

    ● More visual impact.

    In terms of appearance, the design of hippocampus brand-new Familia M5 and Italian design company LD’ With the cooperation of A, the brand-new appearance ensures the wind resistance coefficient of 0.28. The front face of the new car has a larger straight waterfall front air intake grille. With the new headlight design, the front face looks more visually impactful, and LED daytime running lights are also equipped at the lower fog lights. The design of taillights is also very dynamic, and the chrome decoration on the license plate frame and the design of double tail rows make the tail of the new car have a good visual effect.

Haima brand new Familia M5 goes on the market.

    ● Compared with the old models, the size has increased.

    In terms of body size, Familia M5 has a length, width and height of 4698/1806/1477mm and a wheelbase of 2685mm, which is much larger than the old models. The old Familia M5 has a length, width and height of 4420/1730/1480mm and a wheelbase of 2615 mm.. The wheel size is 205/55 R16, and the 16-inch double 5 aluminum rings are not too small, but the design of the rims is a bit ordinary.

Haima brand new Familia M5 goes on the market.

    ● The interior works more finely.

    In terms of interior, the new Familia M5 adopts two colors of black+beige and black+orange. The center console is designed in black, and the high-end models provide a central control display screen, and there is a smaller display screen above it, which can display some vehicle information. The four-position multi-function steering wheel is fashionable in modeling design, and the bright brown design is adopted at the seat and door panel, which enhances a certain texture.

Aika Shenzhen Test Drive Haima Familia M5

    ● There is enough space to place items.

    In terms of space, there is not much storage space in the car, but it is enough to put down the water and mobile phones around, and there is enough space in the central control, armrest box, glove box and door panel. In addition, the trunk of the new Familia M5 has a volume of 415L, and the rear seat can be laid down in 4/6 minutes.

 

 

    ● New cars come standard for home use.

    In terms of configuration, the new car comes standard with reversing radar, auto-sensing headlights, headlights delayed off, LED daytime running lights, rain-sensing wipers, leather multi-function steering wheel and so on. In addition, the high-end models are equipped with driving computers, automatic air conditioners, seat heating, electric skylights, etc. Safety aspects such as ESP, HHC ramp assist system and TCS traction control system will all appear.

Aika Shenzhen Test Drive Haima Familia M5

    ● The 6-speed automatic manual transmission is competitive.

    In terms of power, Familia M5 is equipped with a 1.6L engine in the early stage and a 1.5T engine in the later stage. The 1.6L engine adopts iVVT variable valve timing and variable intake manifold technology, with a maximum power of 92kW(125Ps)/6000rpm and a peak torque of 161Nm/4000rmp;. The 1.5T turbocharged engine, which was put on the market later, also adopted iVVT variable valve timing technology, with an estimated maximum power of 120kW(163Ps) and a peak torque of 210Nm.

Haima 2014 Familia M5

    In transmission, the 1.6L engine matches the 6-speed manual and 6-speed automatic manual transmission, while the 1.5T engine only matches the 6-speed automatic manual transmission. For the chassis, Familia M5 adopts the front McPherson and rear multi-link design, and both adopt the lateral stabilizer bar.

    ● Analysis of competitors and competitiveness

    As a brand-new compact model with its own brand, the competitors of Haima’s brand-new Familia M5 are naturally BYD Speedy, Great Wall C50, Changan Yidong and Emgrand EC7.

 

 
[Competitors are BYD Surui, Great Wall C50, Emgrand EC7 and Changan Yidong]

 

    Comparatively speaking, among these rivals, BYD Speedy and Great Wall C50 are equipped with 1.5T engines. In addition, Speedy also has remote control function and DCT dual clutch, which makes the brand-new Familia M5 not dominant in technology. However, Familia M5 still has certain advantages in CVT gearbox of Emgrand EC7 and 5MT of Great Wall C50. In the future, the arrival of Familia M5 1.5T model will widen this advantage and become one of the more powerful competitive models among the A+ class models of its own brand.

 

    ●Jili xindihao 

    Time to market: July 26th.  

    Price range: 69,800-100,800 yuan

    New car comments: The design of the new Emgrand continues the advantages of the previous Emgrand EC7, which is also an important weight for its hot sale. The new Emgrand is younger in design and hangs Geely’s new Logo. More importantly, the new Emgrand will be equipped with a brand-new 1.3T engine, which caters to the current consumer’s preference for power, and this engine has excellent performance in power output and fuel economy.

    On July 26th, the new Emgrand was officially listed in Jinan, Shandong Province. The new car was launched with eight models, and the price was 69.8-100.8 million yuan. And Geely Emgrand EC7 officially changed its name to the new Emgrand and hung a new brand logo.

 

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand hatchback

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand hatchback

    The design of the front face of the new Emgrand has changed greatly. It adopts a blackened front grille and hangs Geely’s latest Logo and new car.The blackened headlights are used, and the headlights are integrated with the front grille, which has more visual impact. The dimensions of the new car are 4631/1789/1470mm, the wheelbase is 2650mm and the trunk volume is 680L L.

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand hatchback

 

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand hatchback

    In terms of interior, the new Emgrand has adopted more silver decorative pieces, the design of the central control has changed greatly, a large LCD screen has been adopted, and the design of the multi-function steering wheel is more fashionable and young.The new car shares seven configuration models, namely: 1.5MT fashion model, 1.5MT elite model, 1.5CVT elite model, 1.3T MT elite model, 1.3T MT distinguished model, 1.3T CVT elite model and 1.3T CVT distinguished model. The new car will be equipped with four electric windows, keyless entry, color instrument display and MP3+AUX audio as standard.

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand hatchback

Geely Automobile 2014 Emgrand hatchback

    In terms of power system, the new car is equipped with a 1.3-liter turbocharged engine for the first time. The maximum output power of this engine is 98kW(133Ps)/5500rpm, and the peak torque is 185Nm/2000-4500rpm. The maximum output power of 1.5L vehicle is 80kW(109Ps) and the peak torque is 140 N m.. In terms of transmission system, the engine is matched with a 6-speed manual or CVT gearbox. 

China’s biodiesel pilot promotion officially opened.

  The General Department of the National Energy Administration recently issued the Notice on Publicity of Biodiesel Popularization and Application Pilot, which pointed out that in order to implement the new development concept, promote waste recycling, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of energy, expand the application scenarios of biodiesel in China, explore the establishment of replicable and scalable development paths and policy systems, and gradually form demonstration effects and scale effects, the application and review of biodiesel popularization and application pilot were organized. According to the publicity list, 22 application pilot projects in 19 cities, districts, counties and 3 enterprises including Haidian District of Beijing and Dezhou City of Shandong Province were selected.

  As early as last September, the National Energy Administration organized a site meeting on the pilot project of biodiesel popularization and application in Shanghai. In November of the same year, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice on Organizing the Pilot Demonstration of Biodiesel Popularization and Application (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). After half a year, the publicity of the pilot list of biodiesel promotion and application marks the official opening of the pilot promotion of biodiesel in China, which will promote the development of biodiesel in China to open a new chapter.

  Selected pilot projects are more representative.

  Biodiesel is a liquid renewable fuel produced with animal and vegetable oils as the main raw materials, which has the characteristics of high cetane number and low sulfur. It is generally used after being mixed with traditional petrochemical diesel oil in a certain proportion, which has obvious effects on improving the emission of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and black smoke in the tail gas of traditional diesel vehicles. Biodiesel production in China is mainly based on "waste cooking oil" and oil residue from oil industry, which can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared with traditional petrochemical diesel.

  In the "Notice" issued in November last year, the pilot demonstration contents listed by the National Energy Administration include promoting vehicle biodiesel in administrative areas or industrial parks, logistics parks and other areas, promoting vehicle biodiesel in logistics, public transportation, municipal administration, sanitation, postal express delivery and other industries, filling vehicle biodiesel in gas stations operated by enterprises with gas station operating qualifications, and promoting vehicle biodiesel along highways. In addition, the promotion and application of biodiesel B5 and B24 will be carried out in bonded areas, free trade zones and other areas, as well as inland rivers, lakes and other waterways.

  Ji Xing, deputy director of the Special Oil Products Professional Committee of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, pointed out in an interview with the reporter of China Energy News that the pilot projects for the promotion and application of biodiesel publicized this time well matched the demonstration contents in the Notice and were all representative. "Among the 22 pilot projects selected for popularization and application, the projects of China Petrochemical Fuel Oil Sales Company, China Ship Fuel Co., Ltd. and Shandong Expressway Group are all based on terminal applications, covering gas stations, ships and highways respectively. The remaining 19 cities, counties and districts are mainly led by the government, and some biodiesel industries are very concentrated, such as Shijiazhuang, Cangzhou, Tangshan and Handan in Hebei Province. Some enterprises and governments are very enthusiastic, such as Qingdao, Shandong. "

  "The pilot areas announced by the National Energy Administration generally have corresponding biodiesel production enterprises to match them." Deng Jinhua, chairman of Hubei Tianji Bioenergy Co., Ltd., located in Hanchuan, Hubei Province, told the reporter of China Energy News, "We can see that there are large enterprises with channel advantages, including China Petrochemical Fuel Oil Sales Company, etc., and we think that such a pilot will soon promote the application of biodiesel in all parts of China. We also have a positive will to carry out multiple cooperation with relevant channel parties and vigorously promote energy conservation and emission reduction projects according to relevant national requirements. "

  Relevant conditions have been met.

  In fact, China has been promoting biodiesel for more than 20 years. No matter from the perspective of food safety, energy security or green development, the impact and role of developing biodiesel cannot be underestimated. But up to now, except for Shanghai, which has formed a relatively complete industrial chain system of "receiving, transporting, handling, blending and using" biodiesel, it has not been popularized in other places, and some enterprises with biodiesel production capacity are mainly exported to Europe.

  Talking about the reasons for the failure of promotion in many places in the past, Ji Xing pointed out to the reporter of China Energy News: "In many places, when formulating policy documents, there is a lack of scientific and systematic policy design, and the collection of raw materials is often ignored. There is no clear requirement and management for where the treated waste oil is sold, which leads to unstable supply of production raw materials."

  According to Ji Xing, Shanghai has designed a flexible and pragmatic price and policy system, and formed a very scientific and perfect management model and system, so it can be successfully implemented. "Shanghai has provided a set of reference policy systems and management models for pilot promotion in various places. From the perspective of the supply of raw materials and the stability of production, there is no problem in the 19 demonstration pilot areas selected, and all the relevant conditions have been met. The core is still a management issue. "

  "Biodiesel has been developed in China for so long, and the relevant standards and conditions are already available. In terms of technical reserves and production capacity, there is also production capacity to meet emission reduction in relevant regions, and technology is also at the forefront of the world. From the perspective of our company itself, we have also done a lot of work in the construction of the industrial chain, forming a stable raw material channel for our own industrial chain. " Deng Jinhua said.

  Large-scale development still needs multiple efforts.

  Data show that at present, the total output of biodiesel in China is more than 2 million tons/year, but most of them are exported.

  In Ji Xing’s view, in the long run, there is still much room for the development of biodiesel in China. "Only the waste oil, if it can be fully collected, the remaining 230 prefecture-level cities will be fully covered, and the biodiesel production scale of 10 million tons/year in the future is no problem. If all the 10 million tons of biodiesel are produced into B5 biodiesel (biodiesel and fossil diesel are mixed at a ratio of 5% and 95%), the output can reach 200 million tons, which is enough to completely replace the current domestic consumption of national diesel, and the emission reduction effect is very obvious. "

  "So if biodiesel is to be developed on a large scale in the future, it is a big problem to collect this piece of waste oil first, and then we need to make great efforts to further expand the collection intensity and scope. In terms of policy design, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the whole chain, and work together with the two goals of kitchen waste treatment and oil collection to achieve orderly management. " Ji Xing pointed out, "In addition, it is necessary to further reflect the green value of biodiesel through carbon trading and other systems to enhance its economy."

  In addition to strengthening raw material source management, it is also very important to expand terminal application scenarios.

  Deng Jinhua told the reporter of China Energy News: "At present, the application scenarios of biodiesel in Europe are very common and diverse. We hope that through this pilot, we can gradually open up the’ last mile’ of application and gradually expand the application scope and scenarios in the later period. In the future, with the National Energy Administration leading the promotion of the inclusion of biodiesel in the national certified voluntary emission reduction (CCER) mechanism, the emission reduction economy of biodiesel will be reflected, which will make up for the current price gap to a great extent, and I believe it will be gradually integrated with the market in the later period. "


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