Special feature of 1905 film network After eight years of sharpening the sword, The Assassin Nie Yinniang directed by Hou Xiaoxian has kept fans waiting for too long. Many people went to see Nie Yinniang for the fascination of "seeing Hou Xiaoxian on the big screen". Once again, he has appeared intensively in front of the media. He is 68 years old this year, and his face even shows the kindness of the elderly. However, his tone of speaking is still like taking the lead, and his tone is humble and peaceful but reveals sharp and heroic.

　

　　　 Back in 1997, the French director olivier assayas shot The Portrait of Hou Xiaoxian. Fifty-year-old Hou Xiaoxian, with clashing hair and a slight camel on his back, chewed betel nuts and smoked cigarettes. He talked with his neighbors and made tea, sometimes as cute as an urchin, sometimes full of piqueness, and sometimes talked about his inner loneliness and lamented his loss. As the leader of Taiwanese new films, Yang Dechang has long since passed away, and now only Hou Hsiao-hsien still inherits the mantle of China traditional culture as a mainstay.

　

What influenced his film style?

　

　　　 Tsui Hark once teased Hou Xiaoxian at the Hong Kong Film Festival held in Beijing recently: He talked about shooting martial arts for many years, and it was in the 1980s that he finally made his first film, which is also amazing. "Yes, Hou Xiaoxian wanted to shoot martial arts for 30 years, and for 8 years, the film was so full of classical Chinese and special amorous feelings of restoring history. In fact, this has something to do with his film style and obedience to classical legends. In the final analysis, Hou Xiaoxian loves reading too much.

　

　　　 I remember that when Zhu Tianwen, Hou Dao’s good partner, recalled seeing him for the first time, he said that he especially liked Kuniko Mukoda’s prose, and he was surprised. "The film industry can also read books!" Director Hou Hsiao-hsien, who has a rebellious spirit in the Jianghu, believes that he is a scum, but he has been fond of reading since childhood, and he reads what he catches, and the amount of reading is amazing. Since the fifth grade of primary school, Hou Xiaoxian has been fascinated by the world of martial arts novels, loved Jin Yong’s works most, rented all the bookshops near his school and home, and read all the martial arts rentals. It’s really a voracious reading. When he was in middle school, he began to read Japanese martial arts. When there was nothing to see after reading books and Hong Kong Kung Fu martial arts films, he had to plunge into the legend of the Tang Dynasty and continue to look for the ideal romantic excitement in the world of chivalrous men and recluses.

　

From Shen Congwen to Nie Yinniang, the legend of the Tang Dynasty has been brewing for 30 years

　

　　　 Hou Hsiao-hsien once mentioned Shen Congwen again and again in interviews, because he finally knew clearly how to make a film after reading Autobiography of Congwen recommended by Zhu Tianwen, which confirmed the changes he made in The Man from the Wind Cabin, and this film touched Jia Zhangke, a young man in the town, and made Xiaowu and Platform many years later. Driven by writing, Hou Hsiao-hsien maintained the mode of co-creation with literati for decades, and his partner with Zhu Tianwen became a beautiful talk in the circle. Later Acheng and now Haimeng Xie joined in, which shows Hou Hsiao-hsien’s respect for literature.

　

　　

　　　 According to Hou Hsiao-hsien’s experience, it seems natural to shoot Nie Yinniang the Assassin. In 1975, Hou Hsiao-hsien wrote the first play "The Peach Blossom Woman Fighting the Duke of Zhou", which was adapted from Yuan Zaju, and the second play "The Engagement Hall" came from the novels of the Tang Dynasty. He loved China’s folk art so much that he turned Taiwan Province’s puppet show into the legendary "Dream of Life" and put Zhang Ailing’s annotation and translation of the Qing novel "Flowers on the Sea" on the big screen, which made people fascinated by the exquisite tea, soup and hairpin in that lost time.

　

　　　 "Assassin Nie Yinniang" comes from the Tang Dynasty legend "Tai Ping Guang Ji". The original text is only a thousand words. As early as the 1980s, Hou Xiaoxian wanted to shoot Nie Yinniang. This name has been brewing in his mind for nearly 30 years. Wen-Ying Huang, his imperial art director, said: "Hou Dao first closed himself for a year, studied the history of the Tang Dynasty, and joined the screenwriter work in Zhu Tianwen and Haimeng Xie in the summer of 2009." . After years of polishing by Hou Hsiao-hsien, Zhu Tianwen, Acheng and Haimeng Xie, the script "Nie Yinniang the Assassin" with only 35 scenes and 8,000 words was finally formed.

Hou Xiaoxian’s Unique Martial Arts: Just for "Waiting for the Cloud to Arrive"

　

　　　 The immersion of Tang legends and martial arts novels not only endows Hou Xiaoxian with a natural chivalrous spirit, but also allows him to create a unique and Chinese chivalrous world. Shu Qi said that the director always waits when filming, and the long wait is only for the rising of a mountain fog. Hou Xiaoxian should not rely on the special effects in the later period, but want the emotional atmosphere in real time and space to diffuse naturally.

　

　　　 This way of filming continues the spirit of his idol Akira Kurosawa’s "waiting for the clouds to arrive", which is rare in today’s hurried world, so it stretches out the beautiful pictures of there seems to be no one on the empty mountain and and yet I think I hear a voice. In his swordsmen’s imagination, it’s not the satisfaction of the sword, but the absolute loneliness without the same kind, so don’t expect to see the complicated moves in traditional swordsmen’s films in Nie Yinniang, but kill yourself with one knife after a long wait, and compress time into zero degree space in an instant.

(text/cacao (tree)42）

In China, the number of take-away users has reached 360 million, and the average daily order volume is tens of millions. In order to serve these hungry diners, there are more than one million take-away riders rushing around the streets of hundreds of cities across the country.

Each color in the picture above represents a rider.

Takeaway riders are a group of energetic "little brothers":Nearly 70% of them are under the age of 35, and more than 90% are men.. Although the proportion of "little sister rider" and "big brother rider" is low, they don’t let a young man be old and strong, and their work performance is equally excellent.

On average, a riderI have to work 8 hours a day, stand by for 12 hours and deliver 48 orders.. If the average distance between merchants and diners is 3 kilometers and each order is 1.5 people, the rider travels nearly 150 kilometers every day, saving diners 100 hours and walking 400 kilometers less every day.

And this is just a microcosm of millions of riders. Behind this microcosm, there are more data details; Behind the details of the data, it is the embarrassment that riders exchange sweat for a better life.

Hard-working riders

The horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents order quantity.

Four o’clock in the morning is the quietest time of the day in Shanghai, a super city. Most residents have fallen asleep, and the riders have started the "handover" of work: the riders who have delivered the supper can finally get off work, and another group of riders get up early to prepare for the first breakfast today.

A qualified rider must have a good physical strength, get up in the morning and endure at night.

However, super endurance is only part of the rider’s necessary working ability.

Each horizontal rectangular combination in the figure represents the working state of a rider on a certain day in July 2018. The period marked in blue indicates that the rider is running on the road, and the period marked in white indicates that the rider has no pick-up ticket or is in a rest state.

As can be seen from the above picture (combined with the above picture), the working hours of riders are highly fragmented. The rider’s workload is not evenly distributed in all time periods: every time the order for "meals" comes like the tide, the rider must work continuously for several hours with high intensity; However, there are fewer orders during the non-"meal" period, and whether you can grab the order successfully depends on your hand speed.

Working 8 hours a day, waiting for 12 hours, cycling between high-intensity running and fragmented grabbing, this is the real working state of the rider.

These are just the "daily" of the rider. Special weather conditions are the real test for riders.

Based on non-rainy days, the heavier the rain, the more take-away orders.

It can be seen that the number of orders in rainy days is far more than that in non-rainy days, and even close to 1.7 times in rainy days. At this time, some riders will choose to rest in rainy days, while others regard rainy days as an excellent opportunity to run more singles.

Real riders dare to face up to the surge in orders and the bad weather.

A variety of styles of riders

Generally speaking, the work area of each rider is relatively fixed (you can go back to the first picture at the beginning), and it is more efficient to be familiar with the store and familiar with the door. However, the size of each rider’s "territory" varies greatly.

In the picture above, a dot represents a rider. The horizontal axis represents the main activity range of the rider (95% threshold of latitude and longitude of the area visited in a week, converted into square kilometers), and the vertical axis represents the average daily riding distance of the rider in kilometers. The more riders in this area, the deeper the blue background.

We selected a group of riders with average daily orders (about 45 orders), and counted their range of activities and average daily riding distance. It can be seen that the smallest range of activities of these riders is only 18 square kilometers, and the larger one is close to 35 square kilometers. Although the range of activities is nearly 2 times, everyone’s riding distance is about 150 kilometers. Why is this happening?

We can guess:Although the goal is "running less and running more", different riders have different working styles.

Based on this speculation, we selected 11 dimensions to represent the rider’s food delivery style, and conducted principal component analysis (PCA) on these dimensions.(These 11 dimensions include: working hours, fragmentation of order time, proportion of lunch orders, proportion of dinner orders, proportion of meal orders, proportion of supper orders, average distance per order, size of activity range, ratio of length to width and radius of activity range, proportion of drop-by orders and average delivery time per order. )

[Readers who are not interested in PCA can skip this picture without affecting the full-text reading]The above figure depicts the importance of the two principal components of PCA. The horizontal axis is principal component 1, the vertical axis is principal component 2, 11 arrows represent 11 variables, and the coordinates represent their projections on the two principal component axes. It can be seen that the rider’s food delivery style has two basic components: time (principal component 1) and space (principal component 2). And the drop-in list and the average delivery distance per order are the combination of time and space components.

On this basis, we carry out K-means clustering and divide the work style of riders into 9 categories. As shown in the figure below, each point in the figure represents a rider, and riders in the same polygon have the same style.

From the nine styles, we select four most distinctive ones and analyze them.

The first type: "velocity flow" style

The above picture shows the activity path of a rider with a "speed flow" style at a certain time of the day. Blue marks represent riders, red dots represent restaurants, yellow dots represent customers, and blue lines represent riders’ running paths. It can be seen that the rider’s activity area is not large, and the restaurants and customers are very dense.

The riders of "Speed Stream" are mostly active in densely populated and order-intensive areas (such as the city center). Their characteristics are small activity range (average 20 square kilometers) and fast food delivery (average delivery time is 23 minutes). They can usually get more orders and better customer comments.

The second type: "downstream flow" style

We define the concept of "drop-in order": the rider has also handled other orders during the process from picking up meals to delivering meals. The meaning of "downstream flow" is "high proportion of downstream bills". The above picture shows the activity path of a rider with a "downstream flow" style at a certain time of the day. In the rider’s activity area, the location of restaurants and customers is sparse. This rider often runs several restaurants and then several customers in a row.

A bold and cautious rider is not afraid of running far, and he is afraid that there are not many orders; No Jin Gangzuan, no porcelain work. The average range of activities of "Riverside Riders" is 30 square kilometers, but as high as 80%, they don’t need to run many more roads. Adopting this working style not only tests riders’ familiarity with road buildings in the area, but also tests their ability of route planning and time control, and it is also a great challenge to the ability of improvisation.

The third type: "grab a meal" style

The above picture shows the activity path of a "grab a meal" style rider at a certain time of the day. The rider didn’t go to work until 11 o’clock in the morning, and he was so busy that he flew. 1-3 pm, the rider has a long rest; Get busy again around 4 o’clock.

About 60% of the riders’ orders in a day are concentrated in lunch and dinner (the industry average is 45%). They combine work and rest, go all out at the peak of the order, their hands and feet are much faster than their peers, and they have a good rest after heavy work until the next meal arrives.

The fourth type: "Desperate Lang" style

The above picture shows the activity path of a "Desperate Lang" style rider at a certain time of the day. The rider ran continuously from 7: 00 a.m. on June 19th to 1: 00 a.m. on June 20th for nearly 18 hours.

There are some riders. They are on the road when you have breakfast, and they are still on the road when you have supper. High attendance, many running orders, flowing customers, iron brother. It’s hard to travel for an average of 12 hours? "Desperate Lang" smiled, turned around and set foot on the journey again.

In the invisible competition with time and space, take-away riders are far from being as simple as "eating bitter".In the seemingly repetitive and monotonous rush, the rider combines the characteristics of his own ability and the characteristics of his work area, and develops his own style with experience and wisdom to complete his work and serve customers more efficiently.

One order after another, day after day. Riders appear in our mobile phone call records almost every day, and they are the most familiar strangers. They work hard and struggle for wisdom, so that we can have hot meals on time.

However, in recent media reports, people tend to pay more attention to accidental events such as "being late" and "poor attitude", while ignoring the punctuality and hospitality of riders most of the time.

Like many workers who have left their homes, riders have crossed hundreds of kilometers to integrate into the cities that give them hope, and they have fulfilled their promise of "on-time delivery" to customers with hard work. On the way of the rider’s food delivery, there are storms, competition, tempering and growth. When "little brother" gradually becomes "big brother", they may say something like this:

"A man’s life should be spent like this: when he looks back, he will not regret for wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of being mediocre. When he retired, he could say: My beautiful youth and peak energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle to make human beings eat.

Description:

1. The data in this paper are provided by @ Hummingbird Crowdsourcing, and the authors are Tucki, Chen Wancheng, Ruantian, Li Tingting, and Communist Youth League Secretary. This article was originally created and launched by @ City Data Group and @ Hummingbird Crowdsourcing.

2. In order to protect privacy, the geographical coordinates of restaurants and customers have been shifted to some extent, which is different from the real situation.

The Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Nanchuan District of Chongqing keeps a close eye on the implementation of policies and the use of funds in the work of urban sanitation rectification, and strictly investigates acts such as corruption and embezzlement, plucking geese, eating and getting cards, and caring for relatives and friends. The picture shows the discipline inspection and supervision cadres (second from left and third from left) learning about the situation from the sanitation workers in Toudu Town. Zhao Xishe

　　Not long ago, Song Yuyou, former director of the Environmental Sanitation Management Department of Tianjin Binhai New Area Environmental Protection and Municipal Administration, was sentenced to 11 years and 6 months in prison for corruption and fined 1.1 million yuan.

　　The court found that Song Yu took advantage of his position in charge of the appearance of Binhai New Area, outdoor advertising management, sanitation vehicle procurement, acceptance, payment, rural garbage collection, transportation projects, etc., and sought benefits for others, demanding or illegally accepting money from others, totaling 4.07 million yuan. In addition, he also used an excuse to ask his subordinate units for benefits, and took kickbacks by purchasing condolences from employees, totaling 830,000 yuan as off-balance-sheet funds for others to keep, and then divided them among himself.

　　The appearance of the city represents the image of the city, which is related to the daily life of citizens, so all the work in the field of urban management has attracted much attention. In recent years, a number of related cases have been investigated and dealt with in various places. Some of them make profits by purchasing sanitation equipment, and they do not hesitate to tailor their bids for suppliers. Some of them ask their subordinates for benefits by applying for funds from their superiors, while others use advertising space management, garbage removal contracts, greening projects and construction projects to set rents for rent-seeking.

　　Self-willed expansion, "Tanghan Port" is in charge by itself.

　　In May 2009, Song Yuyou was transferred from the Armed Forces Department of Chadian Town, Hangu District, Tianjin to the City Appearance and Environment Management Committee of this district as the deputy director. In that year, Tanggu, Hangu and Dagang merged into Binhai New Area, and Song Yuyou was appointed as the deputy director of the Environmental Sanitation Management Department of Binhai New Area Environmental Protection and Municipal Administration of City Appearance, and was promoted to the director one year later. After the institutional reform in May 2015, he was transferred to the post of Director of Environmental Health Management Department of Binhai New Area Environment Bureau.

　　During the review and investigation in 2019, Song Yuyou admitted to the staff of the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Tianjin Binhai New Area: "After being promoted to the director, it was a bit inflated. After all, from such a small place as Hangu, now this pond (selling), Hangu (selling) and (big) port are all in charge by themselves. "

　　Sanitation equipment seems inconspicuous, but it is valuable. Large pieces of equipment, such as washing and sweeping vehicles and compression garbage trucks, are often purchased in bulk, and the single amount reaches tens of millions of yuan. It is understood that Song Yu has the environmental sanitation management office, which has long been responsible for the procurement of sanitation equipment in the whole region. He has also become the target of some suppliers competing to win over and hunt.

　　According to Cui Xiaofei, member of the Standing Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Binhai New Area, some suppliers often ask Song Yuyou to have dinner and drink to "communicate their feelings". "When pushing a cup for a change, the supplier will make some requests, and Song Yuyou didn’t reply immediately."

　　This silence or silence is nothing more than trying to grab more benefits. Some of Song Yu’s ideas are very simple. Suppliers want something from themselves. As long as they use their authority to meet the requirements of suppliers, suppliers will not report themselves. He gradually became fearless, no matter whether it was a gift, a valuable card coupon, a gift, or an invitation to eat, go to a karaoke bar, take a sauna, etc., all came to the net.

　　Customize the tender, "Gasser" takes the final payment, and the thank-you fee will be green all the way.

　　In the increasingly close contact, seeing that businessmen are easy to make money and lavish, Song Yu has a growing inner injustice. "Why do others have so much money?" I open a ‘ Big ’ Director, in charge of the environmental sanitation of the whole new district, how can it be inferior to others? "

　　As a result, Song Yuyou began to use his power to seek more generous "returns" for himself. The procurement of sanitation equipment in Binhai New Area needs to go through public bidding in the whole city, and the parameters of the required equipment should be reported in advance. The closer the enterprise production equipment is to this parameter, the greater the possibility of winning the bid.

　　Song Yuyou pegged to the link of "reporting" and made a crooked brain. The staff of the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Binhai New Area introduced: "He will ask suppliers to provide product parameters in advance, and then tailor the tender documents to help these suppliers win the bid smoothly."

　　"Busy" is certainly not a white help. After helping suppliers win the bid, Song Yuyou will get a lot of "thank you fee". For example, during the period from 2015 to 2017, after Yantai Hyde Company won the bid for the sanitation equipment procurement project of Binhai New Area Environment Bureau, Song Yuyou accepted the entrustment of Sun Mou, the general manager of the company’s Tianjin branch, to provide him with assistance in vehicle procurement, acceptance and car purchase payment, and received cash of 300,000 yuan from him in the second half of 2017.

　　It is understood that in 2015, the Environmental Bureau of Binhai New Area launched a plan to update and purchase sanitation garden operation vehicles, with a total purchase of 150 vehicles, including 120 vehicles involving the financial funds of the new area, and the winning bid price totaled 70.594 million yuan. In 2017, the Environmental Bureau of this district purchased 20 snow removal vehicles and 25 compression vehicles through bidding, with a purchase fund of 12.086 million yuan. Many companies paid bribes to Song Yuyou for help, up to 700,000 yuan.

　　The so-called "thank you fee" is not only to help win the bid, but also to take good care of the subsequent things with a "green light". The staff of the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Binhai New Area explained: "If the benefits are given, Song Yuyou can ‘ Add a plug ’ Let you get the final payment in advance. "

　　Exerting the power in his hands to the extreme, Song Yuyou got deeper and deeper.

　　On November 25, 2019, after being studied by the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Binhai New Area and reported to the district committee for approval, it was decided to give Song Yuyou the punishment of expelling from the party and public office, and his suspected crimes were transferred to the judicial organs for legal treatment.

　　Appropriating snow melting fees depends on the money rather than the sky, and purchasing condolences.

　　How to outline Song Yu’s corrupt track, Cui Xiaofei summarized: "From being ‘ Hunting ’ Development to active hunting, and even plucking geese. Money is big or small, and things are big or small, as long as they are profitable. "

　　Not only asking the suppliers for the benefits, but also asking the subordinate units for Song Yuyou.

　　From November 2010 to May 2015, Song Yuyou took advantage of his position to apply for snow melting fees from the Finance Bureau of Binhai New Area and demanded bribes from subordinate units. "For example, even if it doesn’t snow much in Hangu, as long as you give money, I can apply for more money to clear the snow." The staff "resumed" the scene at that time.

　　Relevant financial documents show that in July, 2011, Hangu Municipal Administration of Environmental Protection and City Appearance received a total of 609,000 yuan from Binhai New Area Environment and Capacity Bureau. In December 2012, it received a total of 1.15 million yuan from the superior for environmental protection cleaning. As for the price behind it, Chen Mou, then director of Hangu Environmental Protection Bureau, confirmed that Song Yuyou had twice asked him for a total of 450,000 yuan, which he met by taking public funds.

　　What’s more, even if the Environmental Sanitation Management Office purchases condolences for sanitation workers, Song Yuyou has to "talk" with the store manager about how to return the points. "You can give me as much as I buy you." According to the confirmation of the parties, a condolence item of about 2 million yuan allowed Song Yuyou to account for 80,000 yuan.

　　Song Yuyou also demanded 300,000 yuan from Wang, then director of Tanggu Environmental Capacity Bureau, a subordinate unit, on the grounds of tight office expenses. In addition to distributing benefits to the staff in the department and entertaining the outside world, the rest are used to buy SLR cameras, Hetian jadeware and collectibles for the leaders in the department.

　　Advertising space management, garbage removal, urban greening, construction projects, urban management director has a good way to make money.

　　How powerful is a director of urban management bureau? Zhang Bin, former director of the Bureau of Urban Administration and Law Enforcement in Yeji District, Lu ‘an City, Anhui Province (Yeji Reform and Development Experimental Zone before February 2016), answered this question with various facts of accepting bribes.

　　Make money by using advertising space to operate and use. In the first half of 2014, the right to use advertising space obtained by an advertising decoration company in Lu ‘an was about to expire. Jiang approached Zhang Bin and asked for permission to continue using it. Zhang Bin accepted 10,000 yuan and cigarettes to help Jiang extend the right to use advertising space until the end of 2016.

　　Use the garbage removal contract to receive gifts. In January 2013, Liu signed a contract with the former Yeji Experimental Area City Appearance Administration (later transferred to the Urban Management Bureau) to be responsible for the removal and treatment of domestic garbage in the area. In order to thank and get Zhang Bin’s care in the aspects of garbage removal supervision, contract fee allocation and contract renewal, Liu gave Zhang Bin a gift card worth 10,000 yuan twice. Later, Liu not only got the contract renewed, but also increased the related expenses.

　　Rent-seeking by using urban greening projects. In 2015, arranged by Zhang Bin, the Urban Management Bureau of Yeji Experimental Area directly contracted out seven road greening and upgrading projects in the urban area to a garden company in Hefei for construction. Zhang gave Zhang Bin cash and shopping cards three times, totaling 45,000 yuan. In January 2017, Zhang learned that Zhang Bin was about to be transferred. In order to get the project payment in time, he came to Zhang Bin’s office and asked Zhang Bin for help. Zhang Bin agreed and accepted 10,000 yuan in cash, tobacco, alcohol and other property given by Zhang. Later, before leaving office, Zhang Bin signed and approved some project funds.

　　Collect money from construction projects. Under the care of Zhang Bin, Chen Mou, a legal person of an Anhui construction company, has successively undertaken a number of projects, such as Yeji Garden West Road Public Toilet Transfer Station Project, Innovation Road Parking Paving Project and Road Earthwork Backfilling Project. Chen Mou took the opportunity to "show" many times and gave Zhang Bin a total of 185,000 yuan in cash and a fuel card worth 5,000 yuan.

　　In October 2020, the court ruled in the first instance that Zhang Bin was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and fined 300,000 yuan for accepting bribes and corruption.

　　In order to realize power, turn a blind eye to illegal buildings

　　Unlike Zhang Bin’s "piecemeal" collection of 5,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan, Gu Yixun is keen to accept Maotai and high-grade cigarettes, and even directly received a suite.

　　Since 2009, Gu Yixun has served as a member of the party group and deputy director of the former Zunyi County (now Bozhou District) Urban Management Bureau of Guizhou Province, deputy director of the former Zunyi County Urban Sewage Collection System Engineering Construction Command Office, and captain of the Nanbai Brigade of Zunyi City Comprehensive Law Enforcement Detachment, which has a profound influence on the local urban management system.

　　From 2015 to 2017, Gu Yixun received 38 bottles of "Feitian" Moutai with a total value of 48,562 yuan from Jiang, Zhao, Zhang and Han for 9 times. In the court, Gu Yixun’s defender suggested that the four people "are all relatives and friends of Gu, and there is no specific request when giving gifts, which is a normal human exchange".

　　That was not the case. After investigation, all four were responsible for the construction of each bid section of the original Zunyi County urban sewage collection system project, and they were the management clients of Gu Yixun. Knowing that the other party wanted something, Gu Yixun also used his power to seek benefits and accept property for him, which can be considered as his subjective intention to accept bribes.

　　In May 2014, Li gave Gu Yixun a 105-square-meter house worth more than 210,000 yuan. Its intention is to undertake the renovation project of the leakage part of the municipal solid waste treatment plant of the enterprises under the Urban Management Bureau, and Gu Yixun did provide help for it.

　　Investigating illegal buildings is the responsibility of the urban management department. In Gu Yixun’s eyes, this has become a tool for realizing power.

　　In February 2012, the planning and monitoring squadron of Nanbai Brigade of Zunyi City Comprehensive Law Enforcement Detachment found that Maqiao Swimming Pool was an illegal building, issued a notice of suspension of construction and initiated an investigation. In the meantime, investigators clashed with illegal construction workers. Cai, then secretary of the Party branch of Bailong Community, and Long, then director of the community neighborhood committee, found Huang Xiaowu, then secretary of the Party Committee of Nanbai Town. Huang Xiaowu greeted Gu Yixun on the pretext that the project was a mass public welfare project. Gu Yixun knew that Maqiao Swimming Pool was an illegal building, but he did not investigate and deal with it as required, nor did he submit it for approval as required. More than a year later, the illegal construction defrauded the land acquisition compensation of 6.52 million yuan during the relocation, which caused great losses to the country.

　　In November 2020, Gu Yixun was sentenced to 5 years in prison and fined 200,000 yuan for accepting bribes and abusing his power.

　　Plug the loopholes in the system and strengthen supervision over key positions.

　　Song Yu’s transformation is due to the decline of ideals and beliefs and the passing of theoretical study. Song Yuyou admitted that his ideological understanding and theoretical study were only satisfied with copying notes and reading newspapers, and he didn’t really take it to heart.

　　During the investigation, to the surprise of the investigators, the person in charge of Party building in Song Yuyou’s unit could not even answer the party’s "six disciplines". "It is conceivable to what extent they have relaxed their study of the party’s policy theory." The case handlers are emotional.

　　"The loopholes in the system and the lack of supervision of key positions are also one of the main reasons for the problems." Cui Xiaofei believes that "for some key procurement and bulk procurement issues, we must strictly implement the bidding procedures, including a series of processes such as approval, payment and acceptance, and we must have a strict system."

　　"Talking to the mall is all about himself." The relevant person in charge of the Urban Management Committee of Binhai New Area noticed this detail. "There should be more than three people on some key matters, and there is a supervision for each other, so you can’t go alone." After Song Yuyou’s case happened, the Urban Management Committee of Binhai New Area strengthened the system construction, implementation and supervision, especially for the allocation and use of large funds, and introduced relevant systems to avoid the recurrence of problems.

　　In response to Gu Yixun’s typical case, the Supervision Committee of the Bozhou District Commission for Discipline Inspection of Zunyi City dug deep into the root causes, urged the crime-causing unit to establish a "list of responsibilities, list of problems, list of rectification, and list of results", promoted the improvement of eight systems, standardized 2457 items of laws and regulations and 16 items of administrative licensing items on the Internet, and conducted 447 reminder talks to make the case clear and serve as a warning.

　　Lack of supervision can easily breed corruption. Zhuang Deshui, deputy director of Peking University Public Policy Research Center and Clean Government Construction Research Center, believes that corruption in urban management and sanitation departments is basically relying on mountains and water to make use of their professional advantages, power status and supervision convenience to implement corruption, which has industrial characteristics.

　　How to rectify? Zhuang Deshui suggested: on the one hand, we should strengthen system construction, supervision and management and warning education in related fields, increase information disclosure, take the initiative to accept social supervision, and improve the integrity level of the whole industry. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the reform of institutional mechanisms in related fields, strengthen internal power constraints, redistribute system resources, and break the monopoly of resources in people’s livelihood. In addition, in view of many problems occurring in the bidding process, it is particularly important to establish institutional guarantee for related procurement behaviors.

　　"Problems in the industry sector are often due to its monopoly of special service resources. The current management system should be reformed, so that the urban management and environmental sanitation system can get rid of the simple management department orientation and gradually return to the social service standard. The key point is to guard against departmentalism and break the interests of departments. The reform in this area has more long-term significance. " Zhuang Deshui said. (Reporter Guan Wei)

At the intelligent strategy conference on February 10, BYD officially released the national intelligent driving strategy, announcing that all models will be equipped with advanced intelligent driving technology, covering the price range of 70,000 to 200,000. Among them, Eye of God C, as a smart driving scheme tailored by BYD for the public, has opened a new chapter in smart driving with its powerful functions and affordable prices. Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD Group, stressed at the press conference: "Good technology should be available to everyone!" This concept not only embodies BYD’s persistent pursuit of technology popularization, but also points out the direction for the intelligent development of China automobile industry.

Eye of God C is an important part of BYD’s Eye of God technology matrix. It is equipped with forward-looking tri-eye 5R12V sensing hardware and end-to-end control algorithm, achieving four leading positions in architecture, sensor, algorithm and data. Its high-speed navigation HNOA function can complete tasks such as up/down ramp, lane keeping and cruise driving on high-speed and urban expressway, which greatly improves the convenience and safety of driving. In addition, parking service AVP function makes users no longer have to worry about parking, and memory navigation MNOA provides intelligent services for high-frequency travel routes, such as starting and stopping traffic lights and passing through complex intersections. Help China brand to grow upward.

BYD Eye of God C not only performs well in function, but also sets an industry benchmark in safety. The high-speed navigation function can realize intelligent driving for more than 1,000 kilometers, and the AEB function can stop stably at 100km/h, and the AEB capability of 120 km/h and 140 km/h will be gradually released in the future, and the success rate of parking service is as high as 99%. These technologies provide users with all-round security, so that intelligent driving is no longer exclusive to high-end models, but really enters thousands of households.

BYD’s national intelligent driving strategy not only shows its strong strength in the field of intelligence, but also reflects its profound insight into consumer demand. With technological innovations such as blade battery and DM, BYD has taken the lead in the field of electrification, and in the field of intelligence, BYD has once again taken the lead in the industry through 4.4 million vehicle data equipped with L2 and above driver assistance, over 110,000 R&D engineers and the world’s largest new energy vehicle manufacturing system. In the future, BYD will continue to uphold the attitude of openness and cooperation, and work hand in hand with industry partners to jointly promote the global leadership of intelligent driving technology in China.

[car home Taiyuan Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, a remarkable price reduction discount was ushered in the Taiyuan market, with the highest discount reaching an astonishing 115,000 yuan, which reduced the minimum starting price to 324,900 yuan. This preferential activity is under way, and interested consumers can click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to strive for higher preferential strength.

The BMW i4 adopts the iconic kidney-shaped air intake grille design with streamlined body lines, showing its sense of movement and technology. The front face design is simple and full of power, and the headlights are sharp, which adds a sense of fierceness to the whole front. The overall style is fashionable and futuristic, which fully demonstrates the innovative concept of BMW brand in the era of electrification.

BMW i4 has a body size of 4785mm*1852mm*1455mm and a wheelbase of 2856mm. The side lines of the car are smooth, showing a dynamic and compact design style. The front tread is 1601mm, the rear tread is 1630mm, the front tyre size is 245/45 R18, and the rear tyre size is 255/45 R18. In addition, the rim style is fashionable and sporty, which further enhances the overall visual effect.

The interior design of BMW i4 combines modernity and technology. A 14.9-inch high-definition touch screen is equipped in the center of the center console, which supports voice recognition control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioner, providing a convenient operating experience for drivers. The steering wheel is made of leather, which can be manually adjusted up and down and front and back, improving driving comfort. The front seats in the car are made of a variety of materials, which provide heating function and support electric memory function, bringing comfortable riding experience to drivers and passengers. The rear seats can be laid down in proportion, which increases the flexibility of space. In addition, the car is equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces, and the front seats also have wireless charging function, which meets the needs of modern drivers for technology and convenience.

The engine of BMW i4 has excellent power performance, with the maximum power of 250kW and the maximum torque of 430N·m, which provides the driver with strong power output and excellent driving experience.

Car home car owner shared his car buying experience, saying that although the configuration parameters of I-series models are similar, he still chose the imported BMW i4, mainly because of its high value and personalized design. He said: "The big nostrils are not mediocre at first glance. People who drive out are guessing at 600,000. I am embarrassed." This unique design not only shows his personality, but also wins the appreciation of others.

　　On May 12th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, went into the production workshop to inspect the chip production process, and went into the exhibition hall to inspect the display of pharmaceutical products. Walking all the way, looking all the way, thinking all the way, guiding all the way, focusing on one theme: promoting the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and grasping one concern: self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology.

　　Self-reliance in science and technology is the "great country" in the mind of the Supreme Leader General Secretary. During an inspection tour in Guangdong last month, the general secretary pointed out that achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is the key to Chinese modernization. This time, it is emphasized that "accelerating the construction of a powerful country through science and technology is the strategic support for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way".

　　Repeated emphasis and high attention reflect the profound insight into "time" and "potential", a clear understanding of goals and paths, and a firm determination to implement the new development concept.

　　"Facing the forefront of world science and technology, facing the main battlefield of economy, facing the major needs of the country, and facing people’s lives and health", we entered the China Institute of Electrical Industry, and the 31 Chinese characters on the exhibition board on the first floor attracted people’s attention.

　　These "four orientations" are the clear requirements put forward by the general secretary for scientific and technological innovation. At the symposium of scientists in September 2020, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expanded "facing the world’s scientific and technological frontier, facing the main battlefield of economy and facing the major needs of the country" to "facing the world’s scientific and technological frontier, facing the main battlefield of economy, facing the major needs of the country and facing people’s lives and health".

　　In the new journey of national rejuvenation and drawing a grand blueprint for future development, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made strategic arrangements around "accelerating the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy", and the first place is to adhere to the "four orientations".

　　Chip, known as "modern industrial grain", is not only the frontier technology of the country’s major demand, but also the key core technology that must be overcome. The general secretary pays special attention to this.

　　In June last year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Wuhan University of Technology Laser Engineering Co., Ltd. to carefully examine the display of innovation achievements in the chip industry. "With the development and growth of China, we have broken through ‘ Get stuck in the neck ’ The key core technologies are urgent. We must adhere to the problem orientation, give play to the advantages of the new national system, work hard, catch up, and accelerate the realization of self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology. "

　　When I came to Shijiazhuang this time, I heard the staff of China Electric Power Department introduce product research and development, strengthen the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies, and enhance the capacity building of independent support. The general secretary once again stressed: "We must aim at the national strategic needs, systematically deploy key innovation resources, and give full play to the deep integration advantages of Industry-University-Research, and constantly make new breakthroughs in key core technologies."

　　The sense of urgency, problem-oriented methodology and the general direction of "aiming at national strategic needs" run through the general secretary’s strategic plan and ardent expectations for conquering core technologies and realizing scientific and technological self-reliance.

　　Look at the development of biomedical industry, which is a strategic emerging industry "oriented to people’s lives and health". From "three drugs and three parties", to COVID-19 vaccine, and then to domestic COVID-19 specific drugs, the innovative development of biomedical industry plays an irreplaceable role in the decisive victory of epidemic prevention and control.

　　How to achieve greater development is related to the national economy, people’s livelihood and national security? The general secretary has a long-term plan. "It is necessary to strengthen the capacity building of basic research and scientific and technological innovation, and firmly grasp the lifeline of the development of the biomedical industry in our own hands." "R&D and production of more suitable for China people’s life gene inheritance and physical fitness characteristics ‘ China medicine ’ In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the inheritance, innovation and development of Chinese medicine. "

　　Between the lines, it shows foresight and embodies the supremacy of the people.

　　Independent innovation is not to build a car behind closed doors, not to fight alone, the key is to form a joint force.

　　From "laying a solid foundation" to "building a building", it is inseparable from the deep integration of Industry-University-Research. This is a vertical synergy.

　　Take the biomedical industry in this investigation as an example. From basic theoretical research, drug research and development, clinical trials, large-scale production, forming industrial clusters, and promoting the deep integration of innovation chain’s industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain, we can continuously improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Horizontal synergy is also crucial.

　　"Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, as one of the three important power sources leading the country’s high-quality development, has a large number of first-class universities and high-end research talents. It has a solid foundation for innovation and strong strength. It is necessary to strengthen collaborative innovation and industrial cooperation and play a leading role in achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance." When presiding over the symposium to further promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the general secretary’s words hit the nail on the head.

　　In January 2019, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inspected and presided over the symposium on the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in three provinces and cities, and "collaborative innovation" was also one of the themes. "It is necessary to gather and utilize high-end innovation resources, actively carry out research and development cooperation on major scientific and technological projects, and build an important source of independent innovation and a major source of original innovation in China."

　　Work hard on "cooperation" and use pen and ink on "integration" to realize complementary advantages and strong alliance. In the major national strategy of promoting the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, synergy, innovation, vitality and strong motivation will be enhanced.

　　Such a report card is particularly eye-catching. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center was accelerated, and 11 technological achievements reached the world advanced level; There are 1,117 "little giant" enterprises specializing in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and more than 9,000 provincial-level specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises have been cultivated; Located in Baodi, Tianjin, Beijing-Tianjin Zhongguancun Science and Technology City is accelerating to become a "collaborative highland" … …

　　The combination of "overall situation" and "one domain", and the unity of "long-term" and "present" plan a big chess game of self-reliance and self-improvement of high-level science and technology. Grasp the general trend, make a good "first move", and make full use of it all at once.

China Economic News Network (Liu Chenxi)Based on technology, speak with strength. Roewe D7 reshapes the market structure of middle and high-grade new energy cars. On November 8th, the Roewe D7, the first model of SAIC Roewe’s new product series "D family", was officially launched.

"Rear-drive pure electric cloud car" Roewe D7 EV

Roewe D7 speaks with strength, and plays the power "combination boxing" of pure electricity and plug-in. With the seven super values of super platform, super power, super space, super comfort, super intelligence, super safety and super experience, it brings a new choice of B-class cars to the stable social backbone families in the new automobile era. Roewe D7 is driven by the core technology, realizing the space and value of B-class cars, and helping users realize a better dream of car life at the price of A-class cars.

Yunsu intelligent cockpit creates a comfortable "third living space"

Roewe D7 presents the super space of B-class car with a large size of 4890mmx1890mm, with 933mm leg space and 945mm head space in the rear row, which is spacious, comfortable and sedentary with the height of backrest and the width of headrest at the same level. The zero-gravity cloud seat carefully made of 9 layers of materials adopts ergonomic U-shaped embracing design, plus soft foam with the first thickness in the same class, which brings a comfortable ride like a cloud. The whole system comes standard with the function of front seat lying down, creating a "third living space" for multi-scene switching, which has also become a plus item for Roewe D7.

In terms of intelligence, Roewe D7 is equipped with a brand-new zebra intelligent driving machine system, and with double 12.3-inch long LCD screens, it can realize the functions of multi-lingual, seamless flow of handcart navigation, automatic planning of long-distance charging, and effective reply of diverse voices, so that intelligent interaction can enter the super-intelligent stage of "listening and thinking" of the driving machine.

Reliable pure electricity technology, true pure electricity, strong power and safer.

Thanks to SAIC’s forward-looking layout and continuous investment in new energy technology for many years, Roewe D7 EV, which was born on the exclusive systematic platform of pure electricity of SAIC Xingyun, has three exclusive features: "long wheelbase, ultra-thin flat battery module, main and rear drive".

Roewe D7 EV adopts the most popular rear-drive architecture of high-performance vehicles, and it is responsive. It is equipped with VGA six-in-one electric drive with the highest integration in its class, with a peak power of 155KW and a peak torque of 310N·m, and the acceleration at zero speed is only 6.5 seconds. In terms of battery life, Roewe D7 EV is equipped with two Rubik’s Cube batteries with different power from the most common car scenes, and the cruising range of CLTC can reach 510km and 610km respectively, which is enough for daily commuting.

In view of battery safety, Ningde Zero Combustion Rubik’s Cube battery has built a five-fold progressive protection system of "pre-guiding, lying, separating and thinning", and passed the "Everest" double acupuncture experiment in the field of battery safety testing to create a full-dimensional super-safe battery.

Long battery life and ultra-low fuel consumption

Different from other hybrid technology solutions on the market, Roewe DMH super hybrid system can achieve longer battery life, lower fuel consumption, better NVH and stronger reliability.

Relying on the electromechanical integration architecture of SAIC Everest, Roewe D7 DMH adopts P1+P3+ one-gear direct drive arrangement, which can realize five driving modes and keep the vehicle in the most fuel-efficient state for a long time. Among them, the industry’s first coaxial P1 motor has higher transmission efficiency, and NVH performance is improved by more than 10% compared with similar products with parallel shafts; The peak power and peak torque of P3 drive motor for direct injection cold flat wire are 150kW and 330N·m respectively. Its 1.5L hybrid engine uses a number of high-efficiency and fast-burning technologies, plus 18 world-leading low-friction technologies, with a thermal efficiency of 43%.

Roewe D7 DMH is also equipped with a dedicated high-efficiency long-life battery. The comprehensive cruising range of CLTC with full oil and full charge is as high as 1400km, which is far ahead of its peers, completely solving the problem of mileage anxiety and allowing users to run far and economically.

　　　　Liberation Daily October 28th Recently, Russian President Vladimir Putin has become the focus of attention wherever he goes, which is inseparable from his core position on many hot issues in Europe, and on the other hand, it is closely related to his political fate that he is about to face a choice.

　　　　Profile photo: On October 12th, Russian President Vladimir Putin (right) met with visiting US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (middle) and US Secretary of Defense Gates (left) in Moscow. Putin suggested that the United States should not rush to implement the plan to deploy a missile defense system in Eastern Europe. Xinhua News Agency/AFP

　　　　New relations look forward to a new president.

　　　　The 20th EU-Russia Summit on 26th was not a success. Although both sides expressed satisfaction with their "constructive" attitudes and reached some consensus on energy and other issues, the differences in positions on many hot issues in Europe are still irreparable. In particular, the European-Russian Partnership and Cooperation Agreement signed by Russia and Europe in 1997 is about to expire on December 1 this year, and the "new partnership" that the two sides aim to establish has not even started negotiations. Ms. Waldner, Commissioner for Foreign Relations and Good Neighborhood Policy of the European Union, pointed out on 26th that the issue may not be resolved until the EU summit in May 2008 at the earliest.

　　　　It is not difficult to see from this deadline that the EU seems to prefer to discuss this issue after the Russian presidential election in March next year. In this regard, in addition to urging Europe and Russia to start negotiations on "new relations" as soon as possible, Putin also stressed in response to a reporter’s question that he has not finally decided whether to continue working in any field, but in any case, the current Russian government structure does not need any change, and he does not want to transfer the presidential power to the government.

　　　　Diplomatic strength adds chips

　　　　No matter at the EU-Russia summit on the 26th or during his previous trip to Germany and Iran, Putin continued to show his diplomatic strength, but this strength did not bring Russia the risk of falling into the "Cold War" again, but made the political chips in Russia’s hands more and more valuable.

　　　　In the EU-Russia Summit, Putin did not use any radical words to attack the US anti-missile deployment in Eastern Europe in view of his "constructive" stance and "moderate" attitude, but subtly compared this incident with the "Cuban missile crisis", thus attracting a "sensational effect" again.

　　　　Putin said at the press conference held after the EU-Russia summit that the Soviet Union had a similar behavior, deploying missiles in Cuba, which led to the "Caribbean crisis". He said: "The current situation is very similar in technology to that at that time. We have evacuated all the remaining bases in Vietnam and Cuba. But on our border, similar threats against China are emerging. " However, Putin immediately stressed that the United States is no longer an enemy of Russia, but a partner, and President Bush himself is his good friend.

　　　　The prospect of Russian election is concerned.

　　　　Over the past 10 years in power, Russia’s economic growth and the improvement of its great power have continuously consolidated Putin’s political status. When Putin came to power, he borrowed Peter the Great’s famous saying, "Give me 20 years and give you a miraculous Russia." Now that the time is just over half, it should be said that neither the people nor Putin himself will give up this dream easily.

　　　　From the current point of view, Putin will still be synonymous with "number one" in the hearts of domestic people. In this case, from songs praising Putin to judo teaching films featuring Putin, the propaganda about Putin’s personal charm is widely circulated among the Russian people and has far-reaching influence. Whether this is done intentionally to meet the needs of the election or not, the political effect it brings is not difficult to imagine.

　　　　At the same time, Putin obviously has the support of major Russian parties, as evidenced by his name appearing in the list of candidates for the Duma election of Russia’s largest party, the United Russia Party. In addition, veteran figures, including the Speaker of the Russian Federation, are trying to find a way to keep Putin as president after 2008 without violating the Constitution. It can be seen that whether Putin stays in office or holds power in other positions is no longer a "private matter" of Putin.

Editor: Li Dan

The biodiesel industry, with outstanding comprehensive benefits and high hopes from all sides, is encountering unprecedented development difficulties. Why does an industry with unlimited potential and should be developed greatly become so bleak?

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel produced from waste oils and oil crops such as waste cooking oil. It has the characteristics of high cetane number, non-toxicity, low sulfur, biodegradability and no aromatic hydrocarbon. It can be mixed with petrochemical diesel oil or directly replaced, and is a typical green renewable energy. Therefore, countries all over the world take biodiesel as one of the important directions of new energy development.

In China, developing biodiesel has the special value of "killing two birds with one stone". Because "gutter oil" can be used as a raw material for biodiesel production, proper treatment can effectively control the stubborn disease of "gutter oil" returning to the table. In view of this, from the central high-level decision-makers to the current legal policy documents, they all take a positive attitude and explicitly encourage its development.

China’s biodiesel industry has entered the fast lane of development since 2004, with a peak capacity of 3.5 million tons/year. However, according to a survey conducted by a reporter from China Energy News, at present, nearly 90% of biodiesel production enterprises are stopping production or closing down, and the actual annual output is less than 600,000 tons. Correspondingly, China’s annual production of "gutter oil" and other waste oil raw materials resources totals more than 10 million tons. Why does an industry with unlimited potential and should be developed greatly become so bleak?

Out-of-control "gutter oil"

At the beginning of 2014, Yunnan Yingding Bioenergy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yunnan Yingding"), a private biodiesel producer, filed a lawsuit against Sinopec and Sinopec’s Yunnan branch, because the latter refused to trade the biodiesel produced by the former with "waste oil". Once the news came out, it caused widespread concern in society. This "first oil antitrust case" which lasted for nearly three years but has not been closed clearly reflects the current development status of biodiesel distress in China.

While the development of biodiesel is blocked, its raw material "waste oil" is getting out of control.

It is estimated that China produces about 4 million tons of "gutter oil" and 6.8 million tons of other waste oils every year. According to the survey report of China Petrochemical Federation, according to incomplete statistics, the amount of "gutter oil" collected and utilized in China is about 2.4-3 million tons/year, of which only about 700,000 tons are used to produce biodiesel (an average of 1.2 tons of gutter oil can produce 1 ton of biodiesel), and some of them are used in leather processing, daily chemical washing and other industries, and the rest are unknown.

Due to the frequent circulation of "gutter oil" across provinces, it is difficult to supervise, and illegal activities such as cooking oil produced by "gutter oil" and feed oil produced by "hogwash fat" have been repeatedly banned. In recent years, relevant cases have been reported frequently, and the health and safety hazards caused by this have become the focus of attention of the whole society.

Just as the "First Case of Petroleum Antimonopoly", which has attracted the attention of the central authorities and passed the second trial of Yunnan High Court, is still inconclusive, and it seems that the case is far from being closed, at the same time, due to a large number of enterprises being forced to stop production, it once rushed to the biodiesel production capacity of 3.5 million tons/year, and now the output has slipped to less than 600,000 tons/year. During this period, no one knows how much of the "waste oil" that was once "burned" has returned to the table.

Biodiesel: the bane of "gutter oil"

"It is an urgent task for the central and local government departments to seek ways to effectively control the return of’ gutter oil’ to the table. Ma Kai, Deputy Prime Minister of the State Council, recently made three consecutive important instructions on biodiesel, which shows that the central level attaches great importance to it. " Wu Ping, deputy director of the Law and Governance Research Office of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center, said in an interview with the reporter of China Energy News.

After a series of investigations, the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center and China Petrochemical Federation unanimously affirmed the prospect of biodiesel in their respective reports submitted to the State Council, emphasizing that China should, as always, vigorously promote the development of biodiesel industry.

According to the reporter’s understanding, Vice Premier Ma Kai also clearly stated in his instruction document that "it is of great significance to produce biodiesel from waste oil, and the development of biodiesel industry should be supported".

Zhu Jianjun, director of the Industrial Research Division of the Industrial Development Department of China Petrochemical Federation, bluntly said in an interview that biodiesel can be mixed with petrochemical diesel in any proportion, which can realize the centralized and large-scale utilization of waste oils such as "gutter oil" and is the best choice to prevent gutter oil from returning to the table and turn it into treasure.

It is worth noting that the added value of biodiesel does not stop there.

According to the research report of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, at present, although diesel vehicles only account for 14.1% of the car ownership, their NOX and particulate emissions account for more than 69.2% and 99% of the total vehicle emissions. Solving the pollution and emission problem of diesel vehicles has also become a top priority.

Because the environmental performance of biodiesel is better than that of petrochemical diesel. "In the long run, it is of great significance to promote biodiesel on a large scale and ensure the continuous and stable supply of biodiesel raw materials by planting oil crops, which is of great significance for increasing the proportion of renewable energy and controlling air pollution." Wu Ping said.

Dilemma: legal products are sold illegally, and high-quality products are sold at low prices.

According to the information held by reporters, China has the basic conditions to accelerate the popularization and application of biodiesel under the background of high-level attention and support, complete current policy and legal documents, positive response from local governments and mature technical conditions of biodiesel.

Statistics show that in 2015, China’s diesel consumption reached 204 million tons, and it is expected to reach 221 million tons in 2020. In an interview with reporters, Lu Bo, chairman of the National Biodiesel Industry Alliance and chairman of Yunnan Yingding, pointed out that if only 2% biodiesel is blended into petrochemical diesel for sale, it will be enough to digest the current biodiesel production capacity.

However, it is worth noting that in the past two years, due to the oversupply of domestic diesel market and the limited understanding of biodiesel by oil sales enterprises, it is still difficult for biodiesel to enter the oil sales system smoothly according to law, although there are laws and policies that expressly protect it.

The above report of the State Council Development Research Center pointed out that although China’s current Renewable Energy Law and other documents have made relevant provisions on the sale of biodiesel blended with petrochemical diesel, the current policy has no mandatory explicit provisions and related restraint mechanisms, and there are no operational measures, resulting in both the National Standard for Biodiesel Blended Fuel (B5) and the National Standard for Biodiesel Blended with Diesel Fuel (BD100) becoming mere formality. In recent years, the pilot projects actively promoted by local governments have also failed to coordinate the acceptance of biodiesel by refined oil sales enterprises.

A typical example is Yunnan. In 2012, the provincial government issued the "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Making Biodiesel from Waste Oil" (document No.46 [2012] of Yun Zhengban), proposing that Kunming should be identified as a demonstration city for the application of biodiesel from waste oil in this province, and this work should be included in the post target responsibility system of the state (city), county (city, district) and included in the performance appraisal system. This opinion is the earliest and most comprehensive guidance for the development of biodiesel industry from waste oil in China. However, it has not been implemented since it has been issued for nearly five years because it is impossible to coordinate the refined oil sales enterprises of central enterprises.

The production scale of biodiesel enterprises in China is generally small, and it is difficult to obtain the qualification of wholesale and retail of refined oil according to the current relevant management regulations. There is even a saying in the industry that "it takes 180 chapters to get the qualification", in addition to huge investment in infrastructure construction. In this context, "illegal sale of legal products" and "low price sale of high-quality products" have become a distorted portrayal of the current biodiesel trade.

Li Dingjie, the industrial development department of China Petrochemical Federation, who has been paying attention to the biodiesel industry for a long time and participated in the above research, pointed out that biodiesel also experienced a period of "making big money" when oil prices were high in the previous two years. Nowadays, the oil price has been running at a low level for a long time, and it is not easy for oil sales enterprises to cope with the impact of the inferior oil market and desperately maintain their market share of petrochemical oil products. "In this case, it is not surprising that biodiesel enterprises are generally caught in serious losses and even forced to stop production or close down."

Breaking the game: government-led, closed pilot

Experts interviewed by the reporter agreed that it is the most realistic, feasible and convenient way to open up biodiesel sales by leveraging the existing huge refined oil sales system.

From the development experience of foreign countries, the FAO report shows that the global biodiesel production (mainly in America and Europe) has reached nearly 27 million tons in 2015, and it is expected to reach 33.6 million tons in 2025, and the main raw materials for production are oil forest crops. Forced blending is the main means to promote the development of biodiesel industry in various countries.

According to the research report of the State Council Development Research Center, up to now, the mandatory blending of biofuels has been implemented in more than 30 countries, and it is generally required in all countries that petrochemical diesel oil must be blended with a certain proportion of biodiesel before it can be sold.

"Ensuring the safety of the table and preventing air pollution cannot rely solely on marketization. In order to realize the’ legal sale of legal products’ of biodiesel in China, we must learn from foreign experience, establish a coordination mechanism at the national level, and give appropriate policy inclinations and forced strong promotion. " Lu Bo stressed.

The experts interviewed unanimously suggested that a closed demonstration zone for the promotion and application of biodiesel should be set up as soon as possible, and it is a pragmatic solution to choose local areas for compulsory promotion.

In Wu Ping’s view, Yunnan, Henan, Shandong and Chongqing all have the basic conditions to develop biodiesel industry, which can be promoted as a pilot. "For example, Yunnan can give full play to the advantages of planting oil forest crops on a large scale, and at the same time, it can also make use of the resource conditions of the China-Myanmar pipeline and the Yunnan refinery of PetroChina; The successful experience of closed promotion of ethanol gasoline in Henan and the industrial base of biodiesel; Shandong can give play to the advantages of existing petrochemical refineries; Chongqing has a large consumption of marine oil, which can give full play to the advantages of rich and accessible hot pot oil and protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin from the source. "

"The return of’ gutter oil’ to the table involves people’s livelihood. As an effective solution, biodiesel should first emphasize its people’s livelihood value, instead of simply treating it as an ordinary economic problem. Petroleum and petrochemical central enterprises should start from the perspective of taking social responsibility and establishing the image of central enterprises, eliminate concerns as soon as possible, unify their understanding, play a leading role, correctly guide and actively participate in promoting the development of biodiesel industry." Xu Xiaodong, former director of the research office of the National People’s Congress Environmental Appearance Committee and special researcher of the State Council Counselor’s Office, said.

Not only that, Chinese consumers have low awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction, and there is no hard pressure to reduce emissions. Although the pace of upgrading refined oil products in China has accelerated, consumers are reluctant to use high-standard petrochemical oil because of its high price, which leads to the high-standard oil produced by oil central enterprises spending huge sums of money to upgrade and transform, which is "difficult to enter the market" and difficult to solve in the short term. In Lu Bo’s view, the central enterprises actively promoting the closed pilot of biodiesel will help petrochemical high-standard diesel to be gradually accepted by the market, thus solving the problem of delisting inferior oil, and at the same time it is more conducive to government supervision, which can be described as "killing more birds with one stone".

"In order to remove the obstacle that inferior and low-quality oil will not be delisted, we must take the road of government compulsion, central enterprises leading and cooperation between the state and the people, and implement the compulsory blending of qualified biodiesel in high-standard oil in the demonstration area to meet the requirements of oil upgrading and emission standards." Lu Bo thinks.

Zhu Jianjun also pointed out in particular that the government should strengthen the supervision of the flow of "gutter oil" and completely cut off the channel of "gutter oil" returning to the dining table. "Affected by living habits, the amount of raw materials for’ gutter oil’ in various places is basically stable. As long as the flow supervision is in place, the price of raw materials can also be reduced, which can greatly improve the economy of the biodiesel industry."

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The "stone" of other mountains can attack "jade"

"Waste oil" has long been a stubborn disease that is difficult to cure in the country. In fact, "gutter oil" can completely turn waste into treasure and harm into treasure, and making it into biodiesel is recognized as the best way.

Moreover, biodiesel has been paid attention to by countries all over the world because of its superior advantages of renewable, clean and safe, and thus has been developed vigorously. This can be seen from the global biodiesel production capacity of nearly 27 million tons/year, and the annual growth rate of 26.5% for more than 10 years.

In the author’s investigation and interview, it is generally believed that in China, it is more meaningful to vigorously develop the biodiesel industry. It can not only effectively solve the problem of "gutter oil" returning to the dining table, which is controversial and difficult to supervise, but also effectively solve the problem of "delisting" of petrochemical low-grade and inferior oil, and promote the "entry" of high-standard oil, which is also of great significance to the prevention and control of air pollution and the optimization of energy structure in China.

In fact, at present, whether it is to solve the problem of "gutter oil" returning to the table or to control air pollution, it has become an important livelihood issue that governments at all levels need to focus on. From this point of view, the importance of vigorously developing biodiesel industry cannot be overemphasized. This also determines that the development of biodiesel industry can not be driven by marketization alone, and it can not be simply regarded as an ordinary economic problem.

Stones from other mountains can attack jade. At present, the biodiesel industry, which occupies the moral highland of "green development", has a strong development momentum all over the world. According to research data, it is estimated that the total production capacity of biodiesel in the world will reach 33.6 million tons in 2025. In recent years, the successful experience of more than 30 countries around the world shows that the rapid development of biodiesel industry can not be separated from the strong support of governments. Among them, compulsory mixing and necessary fiscal and tax support are indispensable and important driving forces.

Countries not only use biodiesel blended oil as the mainstream means of emission reduction, but also generally require that petrochemical diesel oil without biodiesel be banned from entering the market.

O If the United States stipulates that the blending ratio of biodiesel in ordinary diesel is 10-20%, subsidies and tax incentives will be adopted for biodiesel, and the tax rate will be zero;

O France has set a target of 10% for biofuels in total fuel sales in 2015;

O Brazil requires at least 7% biodiesel to be added to all diesel sold in 2014, and plans to gradually increase it to 10% in the next three years;

O At present, the proportion of biodiesel blended in Bulgaria is 8%, and it is planned to reach 10% by 2020;

O At present, the proportion of biodiesel added in Korea is 2.5%, and the production of biodiesel is tax-free;

O Malaysia began to enforce B5 biodiesel in 2012, and the blending ratio is currently 7%, and it is planned to increase to 10%;

O Indonesia is gradually implementing the biodiesel blending ratio of 15% and plans to increase it to 20%.

O In addition, the European Union provides a consumption subsidy of 0.39 euros per liter of biodiesel, among which Italy, Spain, Sweden and other countries have completely abolished the consumption tax on biodiesel … and so on, so I don’t need to go into details.

As mentioned above, the primary significance of developing biodiesel industry is that it can effectively utilize more than 4 million tons of "gutter oil" and about 7 million tons of waste oil in China every year. If the development of biodiesel industry can make people’s "dining table" safer and help enterprises establish a responsible image of environmental protection, why not invest heavily in the development of biodiesel for enterprises?

As experts have said, the state should increase its support for the biodiesel industry from the perspective of controlling "gutter oil" or smog. As long as the policies and regulations are implemented in place and the measures are appropriate, the biodiesel industry will get rid of the current development constraints, just like the "biodiesel fever" a few years ago.

In view of the current difficulties faced by the biodiesel industry, such as experts’ suggestions, it has become a top priority to introduce mandatory blending policies and fiscal and taxation support policies at the national level, and "break through as soon as possible, select mature Yunnan, Henan, Shandong, Chongqing and other places for pilot projects and set up closed demonstration zones for biodiesel popularization and application".

As a green, clean and low-carbon renewable fuel, the healthy development of biodiesel industry is unanimously regarded as beneficial to the country and the people. It is reasonable to believe that as long as we dare to break the restricted area, we can not only consider the overall situation of national health, but also start with the small construction of demonstration areas. The successful experience of "the stone from other mountains" will inevitably push China biodiesel industry out of the current predicament.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, from November 4 th to 8 th, the Third Central Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Group conducted an on-site inspection of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve. Through the analysis of the previous adjustments of the nature reserve and the field verification, it is found that the Anqing municipal government arbitrarily adjusted the scope and functional zoning of the nature reserve, which led to the decline of the ecological function of the nature reserve and seriously threatened the finless porpoise habitat.

　　I. Basic information

　　The finless porpoise, known as the "giant panda in water", is an indicator species of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and is listed as an extremely endangered species in the Red List of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). According to the investigation and scientific research data organized by the former Ministry of Agriculture, Anqing Yangtze River section is one of the most densely populated Yangtze River sections because of its unique geographical and hydrological environment, and has become the most important habitat and protected area for finless porpoises. In 2007, Anqing City established a municipal finless porpoise nature reserve, covering the mainstream of the Yangtze River in Anqing City, with a total length of 243 kilometers and a total area of 806 square kilometers.

　　The state has always attached great importance to the protection of finless porpoises, especially since the 18th National Congress, a series of policy documents have been issued. In September 2014, the former Ministry of Agriculture issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Protection and Management of the Yangtze finless porpoise, demanding that "the Yangtze finless porpoise should implement the strictest protection and management measures in accordance with the protection requirements of national first-class key protected wild animals." In December 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture issued the Yangtze finless porpoise rescue action plan (2016-2025), which made it clear that "the precious next 10 years will be used to comprehensively promote and strengthen the restoration of the ecological environment and species resources in the Yangtze River and the two lakes, and quickly curb the rapid decline of the Yangtze finless porpoise population." In September 2018, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Aquatic Organisms in the Yangtze River (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which clearly stated that "the rescue protection action of rare and endangered aquatic organisms represented by Chinese sturgeon, Yangtze sturgeon and Yangtze finless porpoise should be implemented" and "the habitat protection of Yangtze finless porpoise should be strengthened".

　　In response to the work of nature reserves, the rectification plan of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector of Anhui Province clearly stated that "the illegal and illegal construction projects of ecological functional areas should be resolutely cleaned up. Deeply learn from the lessons of ecological and environmental problems in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province, and take it as a warning. "

　　Second, the main problems

　　Compared with the national requirements for the protection of finless porpoises and the contents of Anhui province’s rectification plan, the problems in the protection of finless porpoises in Anqing city are outstanding.

　　(a) frequent illegal adjustment of nature reserves.

　　In November, 2015, December, 2016 and June, 2017, Anqing municipal government issued three documents to adjust the scope and functional zoning of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve in just one and a half years, and none of them were formally approved by the higher authorities. Among them, the adjustment in 2015 reduced the total protected area from 806 square kilometers to 552 square kilometers, and the length of the main stream from 243 kilometers to 152 kilometers. The practice of Anqing Municipal Government violates the requirements of the State Council’s Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Management of Nature Reserves, that nature reserves shall not be adjusted within five years in principle from the date of approval of establishment or adjustment, and that the adjustment of local nature reserves shall be examined and approved by the local provincial people’s government and reported to the Ministry of Environmental Protection and relevant departments for the record.

　　(2) The protection function is constantly "slimming and degrading".

　　The area of the reserve has been slimmed down.In the adjustment in 2015, Anqing City transferred the 91-kilometer section of the river, including the core area of Tongtie Plate Island, out of the reserve as a whole, resulting in about 50 finless porpoises losing their "shelter". In the adjustment in 2017, Anqing transferred 2.66 square kilometers of four areas, namely Shuanghekou section, Mozhazhou section, Wulimiao section and Changfeng section, out of the protected area to make way for the construction of the central port area of Anqing Port.

　　The finless porpoise habitat has been eroded.Inspectors found that Anqing city invaded the finless porpoise habitat through step-by-step adjustment and continuous encroachment. According to the scientific investigation, the Anhui River Estuary and Desert Island are foraging places for finless porpoises. This area was adjusted from a buffer zone to an experimental zone in 2016, and was transferred out of the reserve in 2017. On-site inspection found that more than 10 berths, including Anqing Petrochemical Hazardous Chemicals Wharf, have been built along the Yangtze River coastline of just two kilometers from Wanhekou to Desert Island. The Qingjie Zhoutou and Zhanghu Gate in Wanhe Farm area are important habitats for finless porpoises. In 2015, this area was adjusted from a buffer zone to an experimental zone, and most of them were transferred out of the reserve in 2017 for the construction of the central port area of Anqing Port.

　　Protected areas make way for development.The section from Xinba to Taokou River in susong county was the core area of the reserve before 2015, which was adjusted to a buffer area in 2015 and reduced to an experimental area in 2016. According to the functional zoning adjustment report provided by Anqing City, there is no sign of finless porpoise activity in this area, but the comprehensive investigation report of the protected area shows that finless porpoise activity still exists in this section of the river in 2016. On-site inspection found that the coastline of this area is close to Linjiang Industrial Park in susong county, and there are many leather and chemical enterprises. The sewage outlet of the park located in the protected area has not been approved so far, which continues to threaten the finless porpoise habitat.

　　(three) there are still a large number of illegal projects in the existing protected areas.

　　The former Ministry of Environmental Protection clearly requested in the review opinion of environmental impact assessment of Anqing Port Central Port Planning: "Strictly observe the red line of regional ecological protection, and the planning contents such as docks, berths and anchorages in the legally protected areas should be cancelled according to law, and the projects that have been built in the area that are inconsistent with the law should be rectified within a time limit to speed up the clean-up and rectification." However, inspectors found that there are 25 berths for production terminals, 2 water gas stations and 3 anchorages in Anqing shoreline alone in the adjusted protected area. Among them, Haikou Wharf, Jianghai Sandstone Wharf and Yangjiatao Water Gas Station are located in the buffer zone of the reserve, and all three anchorages are located in the waters where finless porpoises are active, which directly threaten the survival of finless porpoises. In addition, there are 18 sewage outlets directly discharging into the main stream of the Yangtze River, four of which have not been approved.

Figure 1: There are water gas stations in the buffer zone of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve.

Figure 2: There is a production dock in the buffer zone of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve.

　　The Opinions of the General Office of the State Council requires that "by 2020, fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin will be banned all the year round". Up to now, only 6 fishing boats have been withdrawn from Anqing, and 492 fishing boats are still to be withdrawn, which seriously lags behind the work progress. According to relevant scientific research data, in recent years, some feeding or foraging areas of Anqing finless porpoise have disappeared, and the population tends to be fragmented, so the living environment of finless porpoise is worrying.

　　Third, the reason analysis

　　The relevant departments of Anhui Province and Anqing Municipal Government have not paid enough attention to the protection of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and their responsibilities are lacking.

　　Provincial agricultural commissionFor a long time, the protection of finless porpoises has not been coordinated as a whole, and the relevant national documents on finless porpoises have been changed, and there is no strong supervision and support for the protection of local finless porpoises. In 2015, the approval document for the adjustment of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve was copied to the Provincial Agriculture Committee and the Provincial Environmental Protection Department. After receiving the document, the Provincial Agriculture Committee left it alone, allowing the protected areas to be greatly reduced.Provincial environmental protection departmentThere is a lack of effective supervision on Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve, and the core area and buffer area of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve are not included in the ecological protection red line.

　　Anqing municipal governmentInstead of avoiding the finless porpoise nature reserve according to the requirements of the environmental impact assessment review of Anqing Port Central Port Planning, the protected area was adjusted to make way for the development of the port area.Anqing agricultural commissionThe provided data of functional zoning of protected areas are inconsistent, and they dare not touch the illegal items in protected areas, and even blame the experts for the illegal adjustment of protected areas.

　　In this regard, the inspector group said that it will further investigate and verify the situation, and will insist on local investigation and punishment if there is dereliction of duty.