Originated in England. In the 17th century, boatmen on the Thames often held boat races. In 1715, the first rowing competition was held to celebrate the coronation of the British king. In 1775, Britain formulated the rules of rowing competition and established the rowing club in the same year. In 1811, Eton College held the first eight-person rowing competition. In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition. In 1839, the rowing cup was held. In 1846, the British installed a paddle rack on the side of the boat, which lengthened the length of the paddle and improved the rowing effect. In 1847, the outer keel boat with overlapping plates was converted into a smooth inner keel boat, which improved the speed of rowing. In 1857, Babcock of the United States invented the sliding seat (said to be invented by Belgian athletes in 1865). When rowing, athletes can move back and forth to increase their leg strength. In 1882, the Russians changed the closed paddle into a movable paddle ring, which increased the rowing range. Rowing is similar to weaving shuttle, with two sharp and narrow ends. The materials, shapes and sizes of boats, paddles and paddle racks are not limited in principle, and are usually made of aluminum alloy or glass fiber reinforced plastic. The boat is equipped with a seat plate with pulleys, which can slide on two tracks. When rowing, athletes push their legs and pull their arms. Rowing is divided into events according to the number of passengers, weight, whether there is a helmsman or not, and whether to use single paddle or double paddle. The lightest weight of the helmsman is 50 kg for men and 45 kg for women. When the weight is insufficient, corresponding weights should be added and placed in the nearest place to the helmsman.Men have 10 events: single sculls, double sculls, lightweight double sculls, double single sculls without helmsman, double single sculls with helmsman, four single sculls without helmsman, lightweight single sculls with helmsman, four single sculls with helmsman and eight single sculls with helmsman, while women have single sculls, double sculls, lightweight double sculls, double single sculls without helmsman and four people. The race is 2000 meters for men and 1000 meters for women. Each channel is 2200 meters long and 12.5~15.0 meters wide, with 6 channels in general and 8 channels at most. Athletes must complete the race in their own channel. The ranking is determined by the order in which the bow reaches the finish line. Men’s rowing was listed as an event in the first Olympic Games in 1896, but it was not held because of the waves, and it was listed again in 1900. Women’s rowing was included in the Olympic Games in 1976.

　　In the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, there were men’s single sculls, double sculls without helmsman, double sculls, four single sculls without helmsman, four single sculls with helmsman, eight single sculls with helmsman, lightweight double sculls and lightweight four single sculls without helmsman. Women’s single sculls, double sculls, double sculls without a helmsman, four sculls with a helmsman, eight sculls with a helmsman, lightweight sculls with 14 events, a total of 275 athletes participated. The entry qualification is based on boats, and each association has a maximum of one boat for each event. There are three ways to qualify for the competition: first, the 1999 World Championship, second, the Olympic qualifiers in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and finally, the qualifiers held in Europe where all associations except Africa, Asia and Latin America can participate.

　　The rowing competition of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games will be held in the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Center for 8 days, from August 15th to 22nd. It is estimated that 550 male and female experts from all over the world will participate in the competition, including 358 male players and 192 female players.

　　The single sculls boat is 8 meters long, 20 centimeters wide, and the lightest weight is 14 kilograms. There is an oar on each side of the boat. When rowing, the athletes turn their backs to the bow, sit on the seat plate that slides back and forth, and push their legs and pull their arms. Use the power of the left and right paddles to control the course. Men’s and women’s single sculls were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　The double sculls are 9.90 meters long, 35 centimeters wide and 27 kilograms lightest. There are two oars on each side of the boat. When rowing, two athletes sit back and forth on the sliding seat board, with their legs pedaled and their arms pulled, and paddle in coordination. Use the power of the left and right paddles to control the course. Men’s and women’s sculls were listed as Olympic events in 1904 and 1976 respectively.

　　The coxswain with double oars and single oar is 9.90 meters long, 35 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 27 kilograms. Paddle racks are installed on both sides of the boat, with one paddle on the front left and one paddle on the rear right. There is a rudder at the stern, and the athlete controls the direction with his feet. When rowing, two athletes sit back and forth on the sliding seat board, with their legs pedaled and their arms pulled, and paddle in coordination. Men’s and women’s double single oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　A double oar with a helmsman is 10 meters long, 35 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 32 kilograms. There are paddle racks on both sides of the boat, with one paddle on the front left and one paddle on the rear right. The bow or stern of the boat has a rudder, and the athlete controls the direction with his feet. When rowing, two athletes sit back and forth on the sliding seat, their legs are pushed and their arms are pulled, and they paddle in coordination. A helmsman uses the rudder to control the direction. Men’s and women’s double oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　The four-person sculls are 12.50m long, 49cm wide and 52kg lightest. The two sides of the boat are equipped with four auxiliary paddles in turn, and the stern of the boat is equipped with a steel cable soft handle rudder. When rowing, four athletes are seated in front of each other, each holding a pair of paddles, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. Among them, rower No.1 controls the course with his right foot. Only for men, it was listed as an Olympic event in 1976.

　　The four-person single-oar helmsman is 12.50 meters long, 49 centimeters wide and 50 kilograms lightest. The two sides of the boat are crossed with four auxiliary paddles with rudders. When rowing, four athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. One of them steered with his feet to control the course. Only for men, it was listed as an Olympic event in 1900.

　　The four-person single oar has a helmsman with a length of 13.25 meters, a width of 49 centimeters and a minimum weight of 51 kilograms. Four auxiliary paddles are crossed on both sides of the boat. A rudder is installed at the bow or stern of the boat. When rowing, four athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. The helmsman controls the course. Men’s and women’s four-person single oar with helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively. Eight people with a single paddle have a helmsman. The coxswain is 17 meters long, 57 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 96 kilograms. There are eight paddle racks crossed on both sides of the boat. A rudder is installed at the bow or stern of the boat. When rowing, eight athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. The helmsman controls the course. The No.8 athlete near the stern is the oarsman, who controls the rowing speed and rhythm. Men’s and women’s eight-person single oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively.

　　Eight people with a single paddle have a helmsman. The coxswain is 17 meters long, 57 centimeters wide and the lightest weight is 96 kilograms. There are 8 paddle racks crossed on both sides of the boat. A rudder is installed at the bow and stern of the boat. When rowing, eight athletes sit back and forth, each holding an oar, pulling their legs and arms, and rowing in coordination. The helmsman controls the course. The No.8 athlete near the stern is the oarsman, who controls the rowing speed and rhythm. Men’s and women’s eight-person single oar helmsman were listed as Olympic events in 1900 and 1976 respectively. (Information according to the Chinese Olympic Committee)

　 　 　 　CCTV News:At the press conference, in response to the problem of arrears of renewable energy subsidies, the relevant person in charge of the National Energy Administration said that the National Energy Administration and relevant departments have actively studied and explored ways and channels to solve the problem of arrears of subsidies.

　 　 　 　At present, some renewable energy enterprises are relatively short of funds because of subsidy arrears, but in fact these subsidy funds exist objectively and are guaranteed by government credit. Financial institutions are required to extend or renew loans according to the actual project and cash flow on the basis of independent consultation between banks and enterprises, or adjust the repayment schedule and repayment period to ensure the continuous cash flow of enterprises.　

　 　 　 　Li Chuangjun introduced that enterprises are encouraged to reduce their interest burden and share the interest pressure through green certificate trading, and do a good job in collecting the additional funds for renewable energy tariffs, so as to expand the sources of subsidy income and the scale of subsidy income. Priority will be given to granting subsidy funds to project enterprises that have voluntarily converted to parity, and at the same time, we will encourage projects and enterprises that have voluntarily converted to parity to continue to increase credit support, gradually alleviating and finally solving the problem of subsidy arrears.

　　People’s livelihood investigation bureau

　　Editor’s note:

　　This is the People’s Livelihood Investigation Bureau, which has never been seen before, investigating the changes in people’s livelihood. Pay attention to what you want to pay attention to and what you don’t, and investigate what you want to see and what you don’t see.

　　Chinanews. com client Beijing, December 18 th:People’s livelihood investigation bureau: In 2018, the property market will take a "roller coaster". Should the regulation be loosened?

　　Reporter Qiu Yu

　　The nationwide hot air of buying a house has been blowing for more than three years, and finally it came to an abrupt end in the second half of 2018. Because of dissatisfaction with falling house prices, some local old owners smashed the sales offices of real estate enterprises.

　　"In 2018, the property market is like a roller coaster, and buying a house is more like a gamble." Someone is so ridiculous.

　　Ice and fire in the first half of the year

　　On May 7, 2018, Hangzhou Xuhui Baolong East Lake City opened its house selection. Although the location is 40 kilometers east of the bustling area of West Lake, it still attracts nearly 3,000 people to sign up, and 16 people grab a suite, with a winning rate of only 6%.

　　A 98-year-old grandmother was crowded in the crowd, and she successfully bought an 89-square-meter new house by lottery.

　　It is not uncommon for the whole family to buy a house through a thorough policy, just like a loving couple divorcing to buy a house. Due to the price limit policy, new houses in some cities are even cheaper than the surrounding second-hand houses. This temptation makes people firmly believe that buying is earning.

　　In the first half of 2018, Hangzhou, Xi ‘an, Chengdu, Changsha and other cities experienced the phenomenon that the winning rate of buying a house by lottery was less than 10%. The probability of buying a new house was similar to that of Henan and Shandong, the most populous provinces.

　　Some people even wonder if the era of "10,000 people shake the number" is really coming.

　　However, looking at the whole country, the property market during that period was like the weather in summer, where the drought died and the waterlogged place died.

　　Buyers in the second, third and fourth tier cities are still immersed in the expectation that buying a house will rise, while the first-tier cities have already woken up and the surrounding property market has even begun to slump.

　　In October 2018, Yanjiao "sold a street". A loaded tricycle was parked in front of the closed chain store. The owner of the car sat on the ground and buried his head deeply in his arms. Zhongxin.com reporter Qiu Yushe

　　In March 2018, He Yu and his wife took the down payment from their parents and spent 3.2 million yuan to buy a small two-bedroom apartment of 80 square meters on the edge of the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing.

　　Two years ago, He Yu took a fancy to a house with the same apartment type and the same area in the same community. The offer was only 2 million yuan, but the owner’s starting price rose by 100,000 yuan, and the young couple didn’t buy it in anger. Who thought that the house price would be put on the wings and go away?

　　Later, on March 17, 2017, Beijing’s so-called "strictest" new property market regulation policy fixed the highest historical transaction price of two-bedroom houses in this community at 3.9 million, and then slowly fell back to 3.2 million.

　　He Yu wasn’t sure whether he earned 700,000 yuan or lost 1.2 million yuan. The only thing he knows for sure is that,House prices are like a roller coaster. Originally, I wanted to buy a self-occupied house to live in peace, but it was like taking part in an adventurous gamble.

　　Looking back, fortunately, there is still time for Beijing to wake up gradually, while the property market around Beijing has directly fallen from a dream into another nightmare.

　　For example, Yanjiao, which is close to Beijing, introduced a series of purchase restriction policies in March, April and June in 2017, which drove Yanjiao property market into an ice cave. The house with one bedroom and one living room facing the northwest of Tianyang City in Yanjiao, the transaction price of chain home reached 31,000/square meter in March 2017, and only 15,000/square meter in September 2018, a drop of 50%.

　　"watershed" of the property market in the second half of the year

　　House prices fell like a mountain, and when they rose that year, they were like wild horses, and the reins of regulatory policies could not be pulled.

　　Since Beijing released this round of tightening property market regulation policy on September 30, 2016, the nationwide property market regulation has not stopped, and it reached its peak in 2018.

　　According to the report of China Academy of Social Sciences, since 2018, the real estate regulation and control policies have been continuously increased, and the number of real estate regulation and control in China has reached 405 times, up nearly 80% compared with the same period in 2017.Almost every day, a measure is introduced, setting a new record.

　　There are more and more patterns of regulation, from restrictions on purchases, prices, loans and sales to restrictions on divorce, new homes, companies and minors, to simultaneous renting and selling, with the intention of curbing all the signs of real estate speculation.

　　Finally, the turning point came on the last day of July 2018.

　　On this day, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party issued a clear regulatory signal: resolutely curb the rise in housing prices.

　　Sharp people immediately found that the new formulation lacked the word "too fast" compared with the "curbing the excessive rise in housing prices" proposed in the government work report in March 2017. If the expression "too fast" still has considerable room for flexible operation, then the new expression will no longer leave any room. If it can’t go up, it can’t go up.

　　Data Map: Workers operate excavators in a commercial housing construction site in Taiyuan, Shanxi. China News Service reporter Wei Liang photo

　　The warm wind came to an abrupt end and the house price finally fell!

　　According to data from RealData,The monthly listing price of 100 cities decreased month-on-month. From March to May, 2018, there were 19 cities per month, 25 cities in June and 19 cities in July, and it suddenly increased to 47 cities in August.

　　More and more properties are joining the ranks of price reduction. In September, Evergrande first offered a nationwide promotion discount, with 8.9% off for houses and 60% off for shops. A project in Taihe gives a big discount. If the purchaser buys the house in full, the house price will be given a 30% discount; Sunshine City started the "100 billion offensive" preferential purchase season, and formulated different price reduction strategies according to different regions.

　　It’s just that something unexpected happened.

　　It was once believed that the brick poured with reinforced concrete was the best tool to deal with inflation. Buyers couldn’t stand the drop in house prices and angrily threw bricks at the developers.

　　In October 2018, a sales office in Country Garden in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province was smashed because the developer reduced the price from 10,000 yuan/square meter to 7,000 yuan/square meter, which triggered a large number of old owners to defend their rights.

　　Some owners lost 200,000 to 300,000 yuan when their mortgage was not done, and some owners bought 5 suites, which was emotional. They shouted "check out", threw eggs at the sales office, collided with the door of the sales department and had physical conflicts with the security guards. Some people were dragged ten meters away and even trampled into the hospital during the process of defending their rights.

　　Hangzhou, Hefei and other places have also seen the phenomenon of owners besieging sales offices because of the price reduction of houses.

　　Some people ridiculed that on the National Day of 2016, many people went out to play and found that not only could they not afford a house, but even the qualification to buy a house was gone. On the National Day this year, many people went out to play and came back to find that not only were there more houses, but many sales offices were smashed.

　　Developers have a hard winter.

　　Developers can’t blame the people who buy houses for turning their faces. After all, the money people throw at the property market has made a large number of housing enterprises.

　　In the past two years, the market has been very good. Housing enterprises, large and small, have learned to set a small goal first. Large housing enterprises are rushing towards one trillion sales, and small housing enterprises in the corner have boldly shouted out the goal of one hundred billion.

　　We must know that the top three Country Garden, Vanke and Evergrande in 2017 had annual sales of only over 500 billion yuan.

　　But by 2018, the problem is coming.

　　With the deepening of the regulation of the property market and the promotion of deleveraging, the "financing difficulty" of housing enterprises has become a common problem. Bank credit has shrunk, the financing channel for land acquisition has been blocked, domestic bond issuance has been suspended, and the cost of overseas bond issuance and trust financing has risen.

　　For example, R&F Properties has failed to issue bonds four times in a row this year, so it has to fight for the breathing space of funds through equity issuance and other means.

　　Another example is Evergrande. In November, the annual interest rate of issuing bonds was as high as 13.75%, nearly twice as high as in the past, which shows how urgent the desire for funds is.

　　In addition to market financing, the source of funds is sales receipts. But in the case that the house is not easy to sell, the payment has also become a problem. To this end, some developers do not hesitate to operate illegally.

　　In October 2018, a salesperson in Peacock City, a subsidiary of Huaxia Happiness, said that in Dachang County around Beijing, people who are not qualified to buy houses can also buy ordinary houses. You need to pay the full amount, then hand over the house, and then transfer the ownership after the number of years of social security tax payment certificate is enough. But what if the property buyer pays the full amount but doesn’t get the property right of the house, and the money hits Shui Piao? Sales avoided talking about this.

　　In December 2018, a salesperson of a real estate for sale in Beijing revealed that the real estate supports down payment by stages, with half paid in the early stage and the rest paid after the year.

　　"At the end of the year, all developers are a routine, all sprinting tasks and speeding up payment." The salesperson said.

　　For housing enterprises, if they can’t get the money and the payment is slow, they can only lie in the dry pool of funds and wait for rescue. Coupled with the heavy debt, it is even more difficult to breathe.

　　In October 2018, Yanjiao sold a street, and there was no tenant outside several sales offices. Zhongxin. com reporter Qiu Yu

　　"In the first half of this year, the asset-liability ratio of housing enterprises reached 80% (red line). A few housing enterprises were unable to support the scale expansion of enterprises because of their high leverage ratio, which eventually led to cash flow break and debt default." Liu Zhifeng, president of China Real Estate Association, said.

　　Let’s take a look at R&F Properties. Its third quarter report in 2018 shows that interest-bearing liabilities are as high as 155.6 billion yuan. The book capital of about 6.3 billion yuan is not enough to cover the financial cost in the coming year.

　　According to the data of Evergrande Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, excluding private financing and loans from financial institutions, the balance of interest-bearing liabilities of real estate enterprises in China reached 19.2 trillion yuan, equivalent to a quarter of China’s GDP. The next four years will be the centralized payment period of debts, and the financial pressure of housing enterprises will continue to increase.

　　If the debt expansion in the upward period of the property market is a sharp weapon for overtaking in corners, then the debt expansion in the downward period is undoubtedly burying itself.

　　Not long ago, Vanke, a giant in the real estate industry, shouted the slogan of "live", which made peers tremble. Regardless of whether Vanke is crying or crying, if even Vanke with low debt and healthy cash flow can’t survive, how can a large number of small and medium-sized housing enterprises spend the winter?

　　Will regulation be loosened?

　　Another subtle change occurred in November 2018, and the financing of housing enterprises showed signs of recovery.

　　According to the statistics of the Central Plains Real Estate Research Center, in November, many real estate companies across the country were intensively approved to issue large-scale financing, with a total amount exceeding 100 billion. Dozens of housing enterprises such as Vanke, Poly, Sunshine City and Xincheng Holdings obtained financing through various forms.

　　Mortgage interest rates have also begun to "brake". Some bank mortgage interest rates in several first-and second-tier cities have been lowered, and the speed of lending has generally accelerated.

　　According to the latest report of Rong 360, in November, the average interest rate of the first home loan in China was 5.71%, which was the same as last month for the first time. Since 2017, the national first home loan interest rate has finally stopped.

　　Regulatory policies have also been significantly reduced. According to incomplete statistics, since November, local real estate control policies have been issued about 20 times, which is significantly lower than the previous average of 40 times per month.

　　Housing enterprises frequently get financing, mortgage interest rates are lowered, and regulatory policies are reduced. Can this be regarded as a harbinger of regulatory relaxation?

　　"The recent approval of housing enterprises to issue bonds has indeed improved, but it cannot be directly understood as regulation and relaxation."Zhang Bo, chief analyst of 58 Anjuke Real Estate Research Institute, said.

　　"First, there was a serious shortage of financing in the first three quarters, which triggered a sharp increase in financing pressure in the fourth quarter. Under the background that many housing enterprises had demand for development funds before and debt repayment pressure later, financing could only become more radical; Second, from the perspective of the state’s supervision of housing enterprises’ funds, there is no obvious signal of loosening. " He said.

　　Zhang Bo believes that the deep-seated reason for the downward adjustment of mortgage interest rate is not the relaxation of regulation. Judging from the timing and rhythm of the current downward adjustment of mortgage interest rate, it is directly related to the central bank’s repeated targeted cuts to required reserve ratios and the release of market liquidity in the second half of the year. There is still room for downward adjustment of interest rate in the future, especially the preferential interest rate for the first home loan is expected to continue to increase.

　　In terms of regulatory policies, Zhang Dawei, chief analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, believes that the obvious slowdown in house price increase is the main reason for the reduction of binding policies. However, although the control policy has bottomed out, it will still run at the bottom for some time.

　　"On July 31st this year, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party explicitly proposed to resolutely curb the rise in housing prices, which means that the regulation cannot change direction in three to five months, and it is a high probability event to last for about three quarters. Now that the regulatory policy has stabilized, it will not be overweight, but it will not relax for the time being. " Yang Hongxu, vice president of Yiju Real Estate Research Institute, said.

　　Many people care, how to go in the future?

　　The report released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in December pointed out that a small adjustment of the real estate market next year is a high probability event.In the coming year, the upward pressure on the market in first-and second-tier cities as a whole will increase, and the future trend will be dominated by growth; The downward pressure on the market in third-and fourth-tier cities is increasing, and the inventory may increase again.

　　Looking back over the past 10 years, the national property market has experienced two sharp cooldowns, one in 2008, affected by the global financial crisis, and the other in 2014, due to the increasing downward pressure on the economy, but the two times were only short-term corrections in the general trend of rising house prices.

　　In 2018, it is the opening of the long-term downward channel of the property market, or the beginning of another short-term cycle of ups and downs. It may take five or ten years before we can see clearly. (End)

Editor’s Note: This article is from WeChat WeChat official account "China-Venture" (ID:China-Venture). Author: Xue Ying, published by 36Kr with authorization.

The commercialization of UP owners is the moat between bilibili and its competitor PK. The status quo is that some people have millions of fans who don’t know how to realize it, and some waist UP main suppliers are soft.

Between bilibili and Watermelon Video, the smell of smoke in the battle for UP is getting more and more choking.

Teacher Li Yongle, who was acclaimed by bilibili, recently appeared in People magazine. More interestingly, bilibili was not mentioned in almost the whole article, and the poster at the bottom of the article revealed the mystery: Watermelon video search for Teacher Li Yongle.

On July 26th, Li Yongle announced in the latest video that watermelon has become his exclusive content publishing platform. Li Yongle is not the first and won’t be the last one who has been poached by watermelon in bilibili.

On June 14th, the UP master "Wizarding Finance", who was once famous in bilibili, officially announced that he had left bilibili to join the watermelon video. In addition, UP owners such as Wen Yifei’s Brain Hole Finance, Moon Catching Theory, Science and Technology Yuan Ren and Mommy Theory have also been found in watermelon videos.

Not only did he dig himself, but Watermelon Video also appointed MCN to dig people. The MCN organization Fengmaniu Media, which holds 25% of the shares of Watermelon Video, has signed UP bilibili’s former "Catch the Sea Group", fishermen Afeng, Laosi Catch the Sea, Yuge Brothers and other UP owners.

The secret of watermelon video poaching is mainly two words: money. It is understood that Wizarding Finance has got an exclusive signing fee of 10 million yuan for two years, and the signing fee of teacher Li Yongle is also tens of millions. There are still a number of UP owners who are becoming the targets of watermelon video hunting. They are entangled in the attractive signing conditions given by watermelon and the community atmosphere in bilibili, and there are not a few who choose watermelon video to offer attractive conditions.

"The UP video you are concerned about has been updated", which has become a shadow around bilibili. In the face of competing poaching, bilibili also launched a counterattack.

Bilibili also spent a lot of money to get back the famous game UP owner "Aochang". According to 36Kr, the value of the contract is as high as 40 million yuan. Although bilibili officials denied this price, some people familiar with the matter revealed that the agreement between the two parties includes video release and business orders, and each part has guaranteed income, involving 8 million yuan a year.

As bilibili gradually enters the mainstream battlefield, it is one of the core tasks for bilibili to protect the UP owners who have grown up in their own ecology. In his speech on the 11th anniversary of bilibili, Rui Chen mentioned three missions of bilibili, one of which was to "build a stage for creators to display their talents". Today, this goal has become more urgent.

Retaining the UP Lord is directly related to the moat of bilibili. Unlike Ai Youteng, which buys copyright at a high price, thanks to the good community atmosphere in bilibili, there are many spontaneous content creators in bilibili, which makes bilibili spend no money, or relatively little money in exchange for considerable traffic.

But once this foundation is shaken, bilibili lacks active and spontaneous UP owners or can’t keep the UP owners who have grown up, then the high-quality native content that the platform is proud of will also be impacted. The end result is that the ROI of bilibili becomes higher.

In other words, if this battle is defeated, the content ecology will no longer prosper; Success, the sustainability of bilibili community will be guaranteed, and under the attack of Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, we can stabilize our own camp.

How did bilibili win the defensive battle of UP master?

It is not enough to rely solely on the community atmosphere to generate electricity for love. In the long run, it is still necessary to complete the closed loop of UP main growth path and commercialization path. So, what’s the current living situation of UP owners in bilibili?

At present, making money by one’s own ability, diversified ways to make money and great differences in realizing efficiency are the key words of the present situation of UP owners in bilibili.

In a video about commercialization, the UP owner "Lao Jiang Giant Reliable" mentioned that an UP owner with more than 1 million fans privately asked him about how to talk about cooperation with Party A and other basic issues.

"He has already achieved this level, but at that time he still had no idea about how to commercialize. I think this is really a very outrageous thing, which will not happen under WeChat WeChat official account." Lao Jiang said.

Some people have millions of fans who don’t know how to realize it, and some waist UP main suppliers are soft.

A person familiar with the matter told China Investment Network that a tech finance UP owner with a fan of about 150,000 can receive the opportunity to cooperate with a big factory, and the business income can reach 100,000 a day.

At present, the mainstream ways to realize UP in bilibili are platform revenue, charging rewards, live broadcast, advertising, e-commerce, knowledge payment, platform signing, and selling around.

Compared with Youtube’s revenue from patch advertising, and different from content creators, bilibili promised users not to insert advertisements early, which made the platform lose the most stable and direct revenue source that can be subsidized to UP owners.

During the epidemic period, the platform income brought by the UP owner "Xu Da sao" who publicized his first-phase video with a broadcast volume of 10 million was only 4,855.31 yuan, and the survival status of the UP owner once caused a heated discussion.

Since then, bilibili officials have adjusted the revenue rules, and China Investment Network has learned that an UP owner has more than 4 million broadcasts, and after opening the incentive plan, he has gained more than 7,000 yuan in platform revenue, and the platform revenue per 10,000 yuan is around 15 yuan.

It is obviously difficult to support a full-time UP living by relying solely on platform revenue, let alone a content team.

Charging is an online reward on bilibili. Users can choose to input "Battery Quantity" to the UP owner in his personal space or video page. After charging is completed, the user’s ID will appear on the relevant page. Every ten batteries represent one dollar, and the UP owner can take them out, but bilibili will charge 30% of the channel service fee.

Rewarding by charging has encouraged the creative enthusiasm of UP owners, and to some extent, it has supplemented the source of income, but for most UP owners, it can only be regarded as "pocket money".

In addition, live broadcast is also a form promoted by bilibili, which allows UP owners to share cakes. Bilibili’s live broadcast is diversified, including video of knowledge sharing, radio and study room, in addition to face value and games. However, some UP owners told China Investment Network that the efficiency of live broadcast, whether it is realizing or adding powder, is not high and can only be used as a supplement to income.

Informed sources told China Investment Network that advertising is the main source of income for bilibili’s middle waist and head UP owners, which is commonly known as Qiafan in bilibili.

The common ways to receive advertisements are patch, implantation, customization, oral broadcast, dynamic forwarding and so on.

Implanted advertisements are generally soft and wide, and UP owners don’t explicitly say that this is an advertisement in the video. Patch advertisements are similar to Youtube’s opening and closing advertisements, and e-commerce brand owners choose this method to put in more.

Patch advertisements are mainly hard and wide, and there is no problem of "deceiving" the audience. However, due to the low correlation between patch advertisements and videos themselves, some users will also be disgusted.

Customization is also a mainstream type of business list in bilibili. The whole video of UP owners is for customer service, both in soft and hard formats. UP owners who have the ability to make creativity are especially loved by brand owners, such as cool breeze of UP owners.

In the oral broadcast of similar variety shows, it shows that the sponsor of the show is mainly the head UP.

Dynamic forwarding is similar to the gameplay in the Weibo system, in which the UP forwards the advertising content of the partner, which can earn income.

An UP owner told China Investment Network to find him to dynamically forward all painting courses, beauty brands, digital products, etc., and some small UP owners wanted him to forward his own videos.

At present, there is a lot of opacity in the pricing of all kinds of advertisements, which is influenced by many factors such as the number of UP main fans, UP main resources, brand parties, negotiation ability of both parties and so on. Informed sources told China Investment Network that the price of the same order of UP product placement may be several times different.

In addition, the UP owner has to balance the issues of personal endorsement and channel tonality, and advertisements can not be picked up if they want. If they are not properly operated, they will easily be labeled as "just rotten rice".

"Generally, as long as the fans break 5000, they can receive advertisements," said the UP owner "Big Cat in Beijing" in the video. "I have received many invitations for advertisements, but I didn’t receive them. I haven’t fully thought about the positioning of the channel and what I want to make it look like in the future. In addition, even if this product is very good, if the proportion of advertisements is more, it will change a little. "

　"In fact, before the opening of the incentive plan in bilibili, some early UP owners discovered many ways of realizing money other than advertising, and the types were more diverse than generally recognized." The UP owner "Big Candle" told China Investment Network, "We should not define the proposition as how many cash-out models there are. There are so many business models in the world, and it is imaginative to add video in any one of them."

So, how much did the UP owner earn?

As an UPP owner with 600,000 fans, "Lao Jiang Jureliable" revealed that he had earned less than 150,000 yuan from July last year to now. The account entry mainly started in the second half of the year. The official income from bilibili was less than 35,000, the live broadcast income was between 40,000 and 50,000, the advertising income was over 50,000, and some income was realized by professionalism and influence.

Although I didn’t earn much last year, "Lao Jiang Giant Reliable" said that I was satisfied, because I was concentrating on making content last year. After finding out the commercialization path, under the premise of balancing quality and realization, he expects to have confidence in the income of more than 400,000 yuan in the next year.

UP FUN Technology also disclosed that its annual income was more than 180,000 when the number of fans was 280,000. Most of the income came from the profit of self-operated Taobao stores, some from the traffic sharing of platforms, and the rest from business cooperation of various platforms.

Bilibili’s head upmaster "witty Dang Mei" also revealed his income. When he was on the order of 3 million fans, he said: "When your parents saw that you earned more than most of your peers, this incident came naturally." Dang Mei said that if she keeps her net income in 2019, "I can buy a two-bedroom apartment in Pudong after five or six years", but her net income must be more than that now, since her fans have doubled.

Generally speaking, the commercialization path of content creators in bilibili needs to be improved. Bilibili launched the "Fireworks Platform" in July, which is equivalent to Tik Tok’s "Star Map". It is intended to connect UP owners and brands, provide UP owners with functions such as system quotation reference, order flow management, platform security settlement, and provide brand owners with services such as intelligent recommendation, data display and project collaborative management. The platform will charge customers a 5% service fee, but will not charge the UP owner.

At the same time, another realization path "reward plan" is also being promoted. The "reward plan" is mainly the mode of e-commerce with goods. The video and live broadcast rooms can be connected with Taobao, and click to enter the product details page.

A brand told China Investment Network that the commission rate of UP owners is between 20% and 50%, and the cooperation between bilibili and Taobao is not surprising. bilibili needs to explore its own e-commerce path, and Taobao also needs to seize the platform where young people gather.

With these measures, can bilibili protect its own UP master?

The UP owner "Big Candle" told China Investment Network that he thought that all UP owners who have a certain level of fans in bilibili, especially those whose fans have passed the threshold of 100,000, will know in their hearts that bilibili will be their main battlefield in the next three to five years or even longer. While ByteDance is in the early stage of listing, it needs to package a bigger and more beautiful story. When the price of watermelon video is five times or even ten times more, of course, some people are tempted to go to "bonus hunter", but they may also "come back in a short time".

"The community comes first, which is also attached great importance to by bilibili staff. To some extent, bilibili is the only place in China at present. "

"Big Candle" thinks that there will be more KOLs like "Luo Xiang" in bilibili in the future. "Many people outside the station think that bilibili’s core competitiveness is mass production of online celebrity UP owners, and UP owners are a bit like low-profile stars. However, I think that the imagination of video UP owners will be greater than that of stars in the future, because video UP owners can integrate resources more comprehensively in the industrial chain by relying on new media forms. From the perspective of investment, if this generation of UP owners continues to grow, many UP owners will be more capable of transforming into a business operator than stars in the future. "

He also revealed to China Investment Network that he has been promoting related entrepreneurial projects and intends to cooperate with more college teachers to build an Internet folk think tank composed of college experts. The project has already received financing. "This is the only project invested by Shanghai Jiaotong University Innovation Fund so far this year," he said.

Science and technology are accelerating, but the speed of the public’s mastery of this may not be realized. At present, the proportion of people who are willing to read a long article of ten thousand words to understand the cutting-edge trends is very low. More knowledge workers should convey information to the public in their favorite way. "Papers should be written on the land of the motherland," said Big Candle.

Gao Zhang Capital, which has invested in the Planet Institute, the True Story Project and Sansheng, has also targeted the ecology of bilibili.

Fan Weifeng, a partner of Gaochang Capital, revealed in an interview with the "devil investor" of UP owner: "As far as I know, there are many people whose annual income is tens of millions. I think the future space will be bigger and bigger. With the expansion of bilibili and the more mainstream of bilibili."

Although optimists paint the future of bilibili UP as optimistic, the reality still reveals coolness.

"Sir_ Lu _", the main cloth of UP in the game area, announced his withdrawal from bilibili in a video at the beginning of this year. In one year, his bilibili fans achieved 260,000, but his annual income was only 100,000 yuan, with a net loss of 1 million yuan.

"To tell you the truth, my family is actually very rich, and I am the so-called rich second generation," he said in the video. After his parents bought him a house of 17 million yuan, he began to feel pressure. In order to make the account quickly, he began to rub hot spots and do something he didn’t like, and later found that he lost his initial heart.

"Sir_ Lu _" gave UP the career of taking UP as a home. Although he later updated the video, he chose a simpler way: to generate electricity for love.

"Sir_ Lu _" is lucky. While generating electricity for bilibili with love, there are family businesses to inherit.

However, "Sir_ Lu _" is very few after all. How big bilibili can make the cake and how much he can share with the content creators is still a major test for bilibili.

　　CCTV News:On the morning of August 30th, the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade held a press conference. According to the press conference, in July 2023, the national trade promotion system issued a total of 546,200 certificates of origin and other certificates, an increase of 12.82% over the previous year.

　　The data shows that in July 2023, the national trade promotion system issued a total of 546,200 certificates of origin, ATA documents and commercial certificates, an increase of 12.82% over the previous year. Among them, the non-preferential certificate of origin visa amount of the national trade promotion system was US$ 32.64 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.66%; The number of visas was 346,000, a year-on-year increase of 12.25%; There were 40,000 enterprises applying for accreditation, up 8.45% year-on-year. The number of preferential certificates of origin issued by the national trade promotion system was 148,100, up 18.38% year-on-year; There were 21,100 certified enterprises, up 11.45% year-on-year.

　　The number of RCEP certificates of origin visas increased by 27.03% year-on-year.

　　The number of RCEP certificates of origin issued by the national trade promotion system is 17,298, up by 27.03% year-on-year, and there are 3,416 certification enterprises, up by 20.03% year-on-year. It is estimated that a total of US$ 09 million will be reduced or exempted for Chinese products in RCEP importing member countries.

　　In July, the outbound ATA certificate book was issued, with a year-on-year increase of 205.28%.

　　In July 2023, the national trade promotion system issued a total of 748 outbound ATA documents, a year-on-year increase of 205.28%; The related ATA carnet covers about 238 million RMB, up 188.43% year-on-year; There were 505 certification enterprises, a year-on-year increase of 250.69%.

　　Sun Xiao, spokesperson of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade:This shows that the recent enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in overseas exhibitions has not diminished, and the willingness of enterprises to expand their markets overseas is still strong.

　　Cctv newsOn the evening of October 23rd, EZZY, a shared car brand operating in Beijing, suddenly announced the dissolution of the company to its employees. A person familiar with the matter said that the company has set up a liquidation committee at present, and is going through legal procedures, and solutions to various problems, including deposit disposal, will be released in the near future.

　　In recent years, China’s car rental industry has shown a rapid development trend, especially with the wide application of mobile internet technology and the promotion of new energy vehicles, the car sharing model, also known as time-sharing rental, has emerged in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

　　According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2016, there were more than 370 shared car platforms in China, and more than 100 were put into operation. Among them, EZZY shared car of Beijing Dameng Technology Co., Ltd., with high-end cars and BMW electric cars as highlights, entered the "high-end shared car market" in Beijing. The founder of the company has publicly stated that EZZY has registered 100,000 users.

　　Employees received "lost contact" from the founder of WeChat "No work tomorrow" late at night.

　　On October 24th, an employee of EZZY, who did not want to be named, said: "On the evening of 23rd, the company suddenly held a high-level meeting, and then informed us through WeChat group that all employees were dissolved and would not have to go to work tomorrow, without explaining the specific reasons."

　　The above-mentioned employees said that their wages were not paid in October, and the company verbally promised to compensate them: "They will not treat us badly", and at the same time asked them to keep their mouths shut and keep all matters of the company confidential.

　　On Sina Weibo, some users said that they had applied to EZZY for a refund of the deposit since September 24, but the company has been delaying it on the grounds of financial evasion. The deposit paid by EZZY members ranges from 1200 to 2000 yuan.

　　It is understood that after the incident, Fu Qiang, the founder of EZZY Company, deleted a large number of media friends in WeChat and blocked the contact information, and was in a state of losing contact with the outside world.

　　Why did EZZY shut down?

　　First of all, EZZY’s distribution volume is seriously insufficient.

　　Some EZZY employees said that before the company stopped operating, there were less than 100 vehicles actually operating in Beijing.

　　The imbalance between supply and demand has aggravated the compliance risk of EZZY: in June this year, it was reported that the shared car provided by EZZY lacked a motor vehicle driving license, which would lead users to violate the Road Traffic Safety Law. In this regard, Fu Qiang once responded that due to the shortage of new cars, the platform had to put some display vehicles into the market.

　　Secondly, the scheduling ability is not strong.

　　According to a person familiar with the matter, EZZY’s vehicle deployment relies heavily on offline labor. When dispatchers dispatch vehicles, they often "11-way walk" mixed with other means of transportation, and the intelligence of background dispatching and data integration is insufficient; In addition, many users park their vehicles in underground garages, residential areas and other areas, which reduces the efficiency of offline scheduling.

　　According to industry insiders, the most important thing to share a car is scheduling. The scheduling efficiency is not high, which will provide operating costs and affect the experience, resulting in the loss of users.

　　Third, the heavy asset business "burns money" too fast.

　　Unlike bike-sharing, where each bicycle costs several hundred yuan to several thousand yuan, the cost of a car starts at tens of thousands of yuan, which is a heavy asset business and burns money quickly. Without a huge employer background and the support of the automobile factory, it is difficult to bargain with the automobile manufacturers. Small and beautiful model, it is difficult to survive in this business.

　　The market capacity of industries with rapid growth of sharing economy is equivalent to 10% of China’s GDP.

　　"Sharing economy" is now well known by more and more consumers, and bike-sharing, shared charging treasure, shared umbrella and shared car have sprung up.

　　According to the report of the National Information Center, the financing scale of the sharing economy industry in China in 2016 was 170 billion, with 600 million consumers enjoying the sharing economy and more than 60 million service providers participating in the sharing economy. At the same time, the growth rate has been very fast in recent years. It is estimated that in 2020, the market capacity of the industry is equivalent to 10% of China’s GDP.

　　But the problem also follows. The exit of bike-sharing such as Wukong Bike and 3Vbike, as well as the behavior of machimachi Bike and Cool Bike that "the deposit is difficult to refund" and even the money is rolled away, have "smeared a black hand" on the bike-sharing industry; The problem of "the deposit is difficult to refund" has also appeared in the field of shared cars, including TOGO Tuge and GOFUN shared cars, and users have fed back similar problems; In the shared charging treasure industry, hippo charging and Letian have been shut down, and Hi Power has been rumored to be laid off.

　　— — CCTV Review — —

　　In the market called sharing, some enterprises are alive and some are already dead; Some products are still promising, while others are short-lived. Without him, "the market is the market after all."

　　The same model, different fate: it is not enough to "share"

　　For example, the vitality of bike-sharing is still going on, but it is difficult to really spread the shared car. The same pattern, different fate, just reflects that it is not possible to "share".

　　Compared with bike-sharing, the most prominent feature of sharing cars is the emphasis on assets, and an important element of sharing economy is precisely economies of scale. Insufficient capital and licenses, not to mention long-term profit expectations, even the start is very difficult, and there is no sufficient market share. The final result is likely to be "thank you for your patronage".

　　Sharing economy is expected to be profitable with boundaries.

　　In the long run, a society where everything is shared seems to meet people’s life expectations; But in the short term, there is indeed a big bubble in the blind development of cluster. In the final analysis, the sharing economy has boundaries. From the most basic point of view, as the "economy" of industry (business), it should have profit expectation.

　　Only from this point of view, it is hard to say that mobike and ofo, which are most praised at present, have found a clear profit model. Furthermore, the profit expectation is based on the fact that products really meet the demand and improve economic efficiency, that is, from the perspective of social and economic efficiency, it should be "economic" rather than "uneconomical".

　　The reason why sharing umbrellas and basketball is short-lived can be attributed to the lack of use scenarios. If even the most basic "opening rate" cannot be guaranteed, the input and output are doomed to be disproportionate.

　　There is no victorious model, only a volatile market.

　　In fact,There is no model of winning every battle, only a changing market.The market is very specific, and it is successful abroad, but it may not be acclimatized in China.

　　For example, Airbnb, a shared residence, is still stumbling in the China market. The reasons are inseparable from the differences in family privacy, the level of social integrity, and the highly competitive reality of low-cost hotels in China. Talking about model promotion without such a business environment will certainly face many subsequent difficulties.

　　Sharing mode also faces industry competition and administrative regulation.

　　Of course, the sharing model also faces industry competition and administrative regulation. Looking at the development history of the group buying industry, we can clearly find that the combination of Internet and big capital indicates the final outcome of monopoly or oligarchy, and the sharing industry is no exception.

　　In recent months, mobike has launched a competitive strategy of riding 5 yuan for one quarter, which is unbearable for small enterprises, and the bike-sharing industry is "fading". At the same time, when the power of quantity control is clearly given to cities, the history of disorderly delivery in bike-sharing should soon pass, and some enterprises are likely to face the situation of capital support without market support.

　　Regulatory measures need to be strictly implemented, and consumers should pay attention to risks.

　　The rapid growth and decay of enterprises naturally brings out a regulatory problem. At the end of September, after the problem of poor management of cool cycling was exposed, a run followed, and users could not withdraw cash smoothly. This shows that the stipulation of "Guiding Opinions on Encouraging and Regulating the Development of Internet Rental Bicycles" that enterprises should strictly distinguish their own funds from users’ deposits and prepayments "and" implement earmarking "is probably not implemented.

　　For consumers, this is also a vivid risk warning: sharing all kinds of early adopters is actually sharing market risks. To protect consumers’ rights and interests, regulatory measures should not stay on paper, but should be implemented more strictly.

　　Respect the laws of the market and respect the existing boundaries of the sharing economy.

　　Is the bubble of disorderly development punctured, or is the tide of sharing economy itself receding? It remains to be seen. But what is certain is that the days when sharing can raise money and sharing is the darling have passed. Compared with the simple concept of playing, we need to respect the laws of the market and respect the existing boundaries of the sharing economy.

　　Wen Yi, the Mountain of Special Contributions for CCTV Comments

1905 movie network news The annual disaster magnum opus was released nationwide on September 17th, and it is now being shown. Since the film was released, it has won the box office crown for five consecutive days and the total number of people watching movies for the next day. The cumulative box office has exceeded 270 million, making it the box office champion of the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2021. The word-of-mouth of the film continued to rise, and the real sense of disaster and rescue action triggered a heated discussion among the audience. The courage and courage of the protagonists to face difficulties and fight against natural disasters also touched countless netizens. On September 22nd, the film released a feature clip of Hong Yunbing’s heroic rescue, and the image of a retired railway soldier with unchanging military spirit was awe-inspiring.

The film "Fengbao" is directed by, starring, Huang Zhizhong,, and is being shown.

　

Box office fever leads Mid-Autumn Festival disaster relief, burning and crying.

The film "Peak Explosion" tells the story of a natural disaster caused by geological changes, which threatened the life safety of 160,000 residents in the county, and various forces represented by infrastructure workers bravely saved people. The film not only has an immersive disaster scene, but also has a thrilling rescue action. The word-of-mouth continues to ferment throughout the network, creating scores of Cat’s Eye 9.5, Taobao Film 9.4, Zhihu 9.2 and Weibo V recommendation 87%. Netizens have commented on "burning and crying, nervous and worrying", "the story of the brave, full of hope after reading" and "positive energy! Vividly portrayed the Chinese rescue. " The cast and role-building of the film are also highly praised, with "all-member acting school", "Xiao Hong and Lao Hong’s opposite play full of tension" and "each female role has a unique charm". While the popularity remains high, the box office of the film also leads all the way, with the box office exceeding 270 million in five days of release, becoming the box office champion of the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2021.

Since September 20th, the film has released feature clips one after another. The exposed clips of "Ding Yajun’s emotional call for workers to blow up tunnels to save people" and "Xiao Hong and Lao Hong’s father and son embrace each other affectionately" have accurately poked the audience’s tears. On September 22nd, the film released a clip of Lao Hong’s heroic rescue in a pit. In the clip, the earthquake caused the ground to crack, the house collapsed, and a huge pit was formed, into which buses and people fell. Hong Yunbing, a retired railway soldier played by Huang Zhizhong, regardless of his own safety, quickly jumped into the pit to save people. Faced with the persuasion of Lu Xiaojin (Junyan Jiao), he said that "it’s golden rescue time" and asked Lu Xiaojin to promptly notify professional rescuers to come to the rescue. The fragment fully embodies the image of the old railway soldier who never changes his mind and always adheres to the "people first", and this dedication of the railway soldier spirit is also coming to the fore.

　

Real rescuers moved and voiced "ordinary heroes" to bring extraordinary feelings.

The film "Peak Explosion" focuses on infrastructure workers and railway soldiers, which are rarely noticed, and shows their determination and actions to unite and protect the city and save people at all costs when disasters come. Many netizens said, "Through this film, I learned more about the railway soldiers", "I sincerely pay tribute to the railway soldiers and infrastructure workers" and "I saw the real historical images of the railway soldiers and infrastructure at the end of the film, and the storm cried".

As the most sacrificed arms in peacetime, "being able to fight and dare to sacrifice" is a spiritual creed that is integrated into their blood. It is this spirit that enabled them to cross the bullets of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and also enabled them to overcome difficulties and build many railway projects. In the film, the role of Lao Hong, as an old railway soldier, stepped forward and sacrificed himself for others, which touched countless netizens. "Lao Hong showed the feelings of an old railway soldier", "My father was an old railway soldier, and he was in tears next to me" and "I saw the hardships and persistence of that generation in Lao Hong".

From the former railway soldiers to today’s infrastructure workers, their spirit comes down in one continuous line, and they are still a team that is not afraid of hardships and sacrifices. Building roads and bridges is the responsibility of infrastructure workers, but as long as the country needs it, they can also take the lead in disasters and dangers, and they can be seen in Wuhan’s anti-epidemic and Henan’s floods. The strong connection between the rescue story in the film and the reality also triggered the empathy of real rescuers, "It reminds me of the days when the Vulcan Hospital was built day and night in shifts", "Dad is a rescue team, I hope he will be safe forever" and "Thanks to the film for bringing our story to the screen". The extraordinary touch brought by the "ordinary heroes" in and out of the play continues.

　　“… … On April 6, 2017, it was planted in Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park, returning to the embrace of nature, and the spirit will last forever! " Under the watch of more than 20 relatives and friends, Mr. Wang’s ashes were dumped into three 2-meter-deep holes by his family, and then filled with flowers and covered with soil. Relatives and friends mourned and prayed silently, and the whole funeral lasted less than half an hour. No monuments, no signs, no wreaths and incense, no painful background music, instead, surrounded by green trees, green grass, a quiet, occasionally heard a few birds singing.

　　This is a common scene in Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park in dharma drum mountain, New Taipei City.

　　Funeral is the last thing in life. In the past, people pursued grand funerals and luxurious cemeteries, thinking that this was the respect for the deceased. In recent years, Taiwan Province has challenged the custom, changed its concept, and vigorously promoted the environmental protection and natural burial such as tree burial, flower burial and sea burial, making it a common practice to return to nature.

　　Challenge the traditional funeral customs

　　Replace luxury with frugality

　　When you visit Taiwan Province, you can often see a cemetery dubbed "nightclub". Taiwan Province is a small place with a dense population. There were no special regulations in its early years. People usually chose burial, which led to chaotic tombs and even occupied fertile forests. In 1985, Taiwan Province established a long-term funeral policy focusing on cremation. Although cremation is not compulsory, the cremation rate is still increasing year by year under the policy propaganda. According to the figures of the Ministry of the Interior, in 1993, the cremation rate in Taiwan accounted for 45.87% of the dead population that year; By the end of 2015, this figure had reached 95.65%.

　　As far as customs are concerned, thick burial is as popular in Taiwan Province as in mainland China. The funeral ceremony is extravagant and extravagant, and death becomes a high consumption. An ordinary funeral costs about NT$ 200,000 (hereinafter all NT$), and some even cost millions. The funeral industry has also become a profiteering industry. "At that time, urns costing less than 2,000 yuan may cost 50,000 or 100,000 yuan." Zhang Guoxiong, Commissioner of Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park, recalled.

　　In the 1990s, in order to change social customs, the competent authorities in Taiwan Province vigorously promoted the "plan to improve funeral facilities and funerals". On the one hand, they subsidized the construction of parks, bone-collecting towers, funeral parlours, crematoriums and other facilities in various places, and advocated that ashes should enter the tower, that is, the urn after cremation should be stored in the spirit bone tower; On the other hand, advocating frugality for funeral.

　　In July, 1994, dharma drum mountain Cultural and Educational Foundation, a Buddhist group in Taiwan, and Taiwan’s "Ministry of the Interior" jointly organized a symposium on reflection and improvement of funeral ceremonies in Taiwan Province, and put forward ways to improve various unreasonable social phenomena. According to this idea, in August and December of that year, dharma drum mountain and the Taipei Municipal Government held two joint libations respectively. Zhang Guoxiong said, "The two joint libations can be said to be the first in Taiwan Province."

　　Shi Shuli, deputy director of the funeral management office in Taipei, said that the joint libation ceremony was generally composed of 10 deceased people and held a joint farewell ceremony. First, they held their own family sacrifices, and then government officials, representatives of public opinion or non-governmental organizations offered public sacrifices for the dead. The whole ceremony was solemn and grand. After the public sacrifice, we will have separate funerals. In order to encourage people to participate in the joint libation, the government raises funds through fundraising and other means to provide people with free services as much as possible. Not only is there no charge for the farewell ceremony, but also the freezing, makeup and cremation of the remains are free. Family members only need to bear the cost of memorial tablet, shroud, coffin and so on.

　　Mr. Chen’s father died five years ago. At that time, he consulted the funeral service, and the lowest price was more than 100,000 yuan. Someone recommended a joint drink offering to him, and finally finished the ceremony with less than 30,000 yuan. Mr. Chen said, "If we don’t pay attention to the gorgeous auditorium layout like our family and have no money, we can consider this way." He believes that "after all, manners and customs are only for the living, and they are of no help to the dead."

　　Nowadays, all counties and cities in Taiwan are promoting joint libation, which has gradually become the norm. Taipei has increased from once a month to more than a dozen times a month. According to the figures released by the Taipei Funeral Management Office, in 2016, 1,324 people chose to jointly offer sacrifices. However, limited by people’s feelings, the joint libation in nanbu county City, Taiwan Province is still dominated by poor families.

　　Celebrity demonstration drives the trend

　　From entering the tower to entering the sea and burying.

　　At present, people in Taiwan Province have generally accepted the concept of ashes entering the tower. There are spiritual bone pagodas in cemeteries and some temples all over Taiwan Province, and there are also private land purchases to build family spiritual bone pagodas.

　　Four years ago, Ms. Wang’s mother died. After careful selection, she placed her mother’s ashes in the Linggu Tower of Huguo Temple in Taipei. She was pleased to say that the traffic here is convenient, it is easy to pay homage, it costs more than 90 thousand yuan, and the price is acceptable. "Such a tower is hard to find now." Some people rationally realize that entering the tower is not a long-term solution. Zhang Guoxiong said, "Your descendants remember you, but after three generations and 50 years, no one may remember you. Who will you leave it to after 100 years?"

　　In 2002, Taiwan Province authorities began to promote environmental protection natural burial, including tree burial, flower burial and sea burial. In addition to conceptual propaganda, the government subsidizes the construction of funeral facilities and encourages the construction of environmental protection parks. At present, there are 29 tree burial parks and 2 planting parks in Taiwan Province. The environment of tree burial and flower burial parks is very beautiful. The tree burial area of Yong ‘aiyuan in Fude Cemetery in Taipei is green with pine and cypress and lush green grass. In the flower burial area of Zhenshan Garden in Yangming Mountain, trees such as cherry blossoms, tassels and Podocarpus are planted, as well as shrubs such as rhododendron, camellia and osmanthus, which are like a big garden. Tree burial and flower burial must be located in the cemetery, and the planting park is located in the ordinary forest park.

　　However, it will take a long time for people to accept the ashes if they are scattered in the sea or in the soil, without erecting a monument or leaving a name. Taiwan Province’s experience is that celebrities demonstrate and drive the trend. In 2001, the "Ministry of Interior" held the first signing activity of a letter of intent to purify funeral rites and customs at a seminar on funeral reform, hoping that the social elite would take the lead, transcend the taboo of death and bravely say what they wanted.

　　In 2004, Dr. Li, the father of the famous director Ang Lee, died of illness. After the farewell ceremony, Ang Lee went to sea and held a sea burial according to his father’s wishes. Ang Lee told everyone that his father told us before his death to scatter the ashes in the sea, so as to fulfill his wish to look at his hometown in mainland China and protect Tainan. He said: "The sea is beautiful, the water is clear, and all this is beautiful. My father walked very clean, and I stopped crying. " In 2005, Manfei Lo, a dancer from Taiwan Province, passed away. Before her death, she also publicly stated that she would finish the funeral in the simplest and cleanest way. Finally, her body was cremated and scattered under the pine tree next to her father’s grave.

　　Around 2007, many environmental protection natural burial areas were built in various parts of Taiwan Province. In 2007, dharma drum mountain donated a hillside of more than 400 ping to the government of Taipei County (now New Taipei City) to set up Jinshan Environmental Life Park for the planting of ashes — — Tree burial is located in the cemetery, and planting is scattered into the forest garden. Zhang Guoxiong introduced that the first person to plant in the Life Park was the old man Dong Chu, the master of Master Sheng Yan, the founder of dharma drum mountain.

　　In February 2009, Master Sheng Yan passed away. He left a will: "No obituaries, no tombs, no towers, no monuments, no statues … …” According to his last wish, the ashes were also planted in Jinshan Park. At that time, 30,000 believers from all walks of life went up the mountain to watch the ceremony, and many of them were chartered from the south-central region. The major media widely reported that "at that time, the concept of planting was widely spread and gained more recognition." Zhang Guoxiong said, "The planting is simple, clean and economical, which is not only recognized by dharma drum mountain disciples and citizens of New Taipei, but also chosen by foreigners, Christians and even Muslims to plant in this grassland." Jinshan environmental protection life park was once so tight that it needed to be registered six months in advance, and New Taipei City built another planting park for this purpose.

　　My funeral is my call.

　　Let life return to the natural land

　　At the same time, the local government in Taiwan Province has also introduced many encouraging policies for environmental protection and natural burial. Most environmental natural burials are free, and some areas will charge a small amount of fees ranging from 2,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan. Not only that, Shi Shuli said that if Taipei residents move out of the Guling Tower and re-elect for environmental protection and natural burial, they will get economic rewards. For example, moving into Fude Cemetery for tree burial will reward 10,000 yuan; If you move into Yangmingshan Flower Burial Park, you will be rewarded with 20,000 yuan. Last year, nearly 60 people who had entered the tower were changed to environmental burial.

　　More and more people choose environmental protection and natural burial. At first, there was one sea burial jointly organized by Taipei, New Taipei and Taoyuan, which increased to four in 2013 and nine in 2016. According to the statistics of Taiwan’s "Ministry of the Interior", the number of people who chose environmental protection natural burial increased from 225 in 2004 to 9,136 in 2015, accounting for 5.58% of the dead population in that year.

　　The experience of tree burial is getting richer and richer. Zhang Guoxiong introduced that at first, the ashes were put in soluble corn cans. Later, it was found that even the corn cans did not melt for three years, so it was changed to cotton paper bags. It was also found that although the cotton paper bags could melt for half a year, the ashes were caked and difficult to integrate into the soil. Therefore, Jinshan Environmental Life Park is currently directly scattering ashes into the soil.

　　However, after all, this is a battle of ideas. Compared with the extravagance of funeral that only touches the custom level, the funeral way challenges people’s cognition of death. Relatively speaking, the metropolitan area is highly accepted, such as Taipei. According to Shi Shuli, in 2016, people who chose environmental protection and natural burial accounted for nearly 16% of the deaths in that year. The south and the countryside are not so mature.

　　Even if the deceased agrees with tree burial and flower burial, the family may not accept it. Is it disrespectful to relatives because there is no tombstone, no meeting and no tribute? A netizen named Chris admitted that Dad had mentioned that he wanted to be buried in a tree, but neither he nor his mother were sure. Finally, he threw a cup in front of the coffin, denied the tree burial, or chose to let Dad enter the spirit bone tower. In order to avoid this situation, the relevant departments in Taiwan Province specially amended the law in 2002, allowing the environmental protection natural burial in the form of a will or a letter of will, and the family members should respect the choice of the deceased. In fact, the choice of environmental protection natural burial is conducive to environmental sustainability, that is, to make the deceased get the best arrangement. As Master Sheng Yan said, "The process of life, like flowers blooming and falling, is a natural change. When we choose to return to the natural land in the last stage of life, it is to make life complete and extend indefinitely. "

Nolan’s new film, Tenet, is now officially released in China. Like Inception and Interstellar before him, Tenet is also a brain-burning blockbuster, and has played a new role in the concept of time.

　

The film tells that the word "tenet" is the only clue and weapon when the world is in danger. The protagonist travels around the world, carrying out secret service activities, trying to reveal the mystery of "creed" and complete a mysterious task that transcends real time.

This task is not a time journey, but a reversal of time and space.

　

The film was written and directed by Christopher Nolan, and was shot with IMAX and 70mm film camera. emma thomas and Nolan were filmmakers, Thomas haislip was executive producer, and John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, elizabeth debicki, Kenneth Blana and michael caine starred in it.In order to ensure the film effect, the crew traveled to seven countries to shoot.

　

Nolan’s behind-the-scenes team members include photography director kristof van hout, art director Nathan Crowley and editor Jennifer Lame. The original music of the film was created by Ludwig Granson.

1.The total amount of film is about 1.6 million feet

Reconstruct IMAX electronic components, and shoot at the same time.

More than ten years ago, Christopher Nolan was the first person to shoot large movies with IMAX camera, and now he continues to use large-format cameras to break new ground. Nolan and photography director kristof van hout used IMAX cameras to shoot most scenes in Tenet, surpassing all previous works.

　

Hotema thinks this is beyond the reach of others. "We shot about 1.6 million feet of IMAX film, which obviously broke our own record. I can’t say for sure, but I will be surprised if there are other films made more. "

　

In addition to the creative use of IMAX cameras, the details of the story also require a breakthrough in IMAX technology. Hotema said: "One of the biggest technical challenges is that we hope that the IMAX camera can rewind the tape to capture the effect that the film can’t be shot when shooting in the forward direction."

"IMAX cameras have powerful motors, and they also need to be careful and accurate when using them. They can’t rewind at all. The IMAX team was very helpful. They worked with us in research and development, reconstructed the mechanical parts in the film box, and reconstructed the electronic components, thus allowing us to shoot forward and backward simultaneously. "

　

IMAX camera has an obvious disadvantage: it is much noisier than traditional cameras. However, with the help of the latest generation of noise enclosures, Hotema has successfully applied them more widely than ever before. However, he said frankly: "We couldn’t present intimate conversation scenes with IMAX cameras, so we used 65mm cameras again."

　

Hotema’s proficiency in operating the relatively bulky IMAX camera left a deep impression on the actors.

Starring Washington said: "He contributed a lot. Those cameras are very heavy, and he has been shooting. He and Nolan never sit down, so I thought,’ I can’t be tired, and I can’t sit down if they are not tired.’ In this atmosphere, you can’t help but stick to it and go all out. "

　

"Nolan has the most amazing physique I have ever seen. He seems to live on earl grey," Pattinson agreed with a smile. "He is definitely an indomitable representative."

2.Nolan chose Washington as the leading role in Black Party.

Pattinson was chosen because of the contrast of recent works.

Regarding the choice of the hero, Nolan said: "We need an actor who can support the screen. When "Black Party" made its world premiere at Cannes Film Festival, it was at an important stage of Tenet’s conception. "

"The film not only left a deep impression on me, but also surprised me with the natural charm of John David Washington, who is so shining on the screen, which made me full of confidence that he can become the core of our film."

Washington told us that the first thing that attracted him to join Tenet was a name, namely Christopher Nolan.

He said: "I have seen every one of his films, so whatever he wants me to do, I promise.He is a dynamic film storyteller, so he can integrate these profound concepts and build these unique worlds. You will be attracted by what you see, whether it’s action scenes, thriller elements or movie soundtrack … but the core of the movie is the relationship between the characters, the situation around the characters, the need for companionship and the way to explore different emotions. The role is always the part that I am most involved in. "

　

The hero has a helper named Neil to help him complete his mission. Thomas thinks that Robert Pattinson has added real brilliance to the film. "Over the years, we have obviously seen many of his works and enjoyed them very much, and his recent movies have shown us a completely different him, which has aroused our interest. It was really exciting to see him trying to fit into the role, so we were very happy when he agreed to join the film. He is really awesome. "

3. The heroine was originally set as "the elderly"

Debic changed Nolan by acting.

On his mission trip, the hero encountered the biggest obstructionist, a powerful Russian oligarch named Andrei Sattar.

Thomas said: "I think Kenneth will be excited to challenge this unprecedented villain role." I mean, I’ve seen him play the bad guy before, but it’s not as bad as this one. This one is just terrible. But in fact, he is definitely the sweetest and most charming person you want to meet. Kenneth’s most impressive performance was that he chatted happily with him at the scene, and then he turned into a demon in the blink of an eye, which was incredible. And he did it. "

Sattar’s wife Kate is played by elizabeth debicki, and Thomas revealed: "Kate’s role is actually re-conceived for Derbyshire. Kate used to be an elderly character, but,I watched her in Widows’ Union and was impressed by her acting skills.I specially invited Nolan to watch the film for her, and he agreed. Therefore, Kate was rewritten by Elizabeth. She’s amazing. "

Debizi said: "When you get such a profound and interesting script and a role like Kate, and you will partner with such an outstanding figure as Chris Nolan, you will surrender." Is there any reason not to surrender? Life doesn’t always give you so many ideas as gifts, which is what this movie means to me. "

Michael caine, the legendary supporting actor of Nolan’s film, was called "Nolan lucky one" by Thomas: "Without michael caine, it wouldn’t be Nolan’s film," Thomas said with a smile. "It’s lucky and honored to continue to cooperate with him."

4.Rebuild the abandoned grand theater

Block six highways for eight kilometers and chase cars.

As the heavily armed production team entered the Kiev Opera House, Tenet’s filming began.

The crew then went to the location.Tallinn EstoniaLinnahall, a huge venue, continued filming.

The stadium was built for the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, when Estonia was part of the former Soviet Union. Nathan Crowley pointed out: "I think this is one of my favorite shooting sites. Overlooking the Baltic Sea from here, its architecture combines the fauvism art with the Mayan temple style. It’s big and magnificent. It completely meets all the requirements put forward by Chris and me. Very suitable for our movie. "

　

Crowley pointed out that although it is magnificent, it lacks maintenance and has been abandoned for about ten years. The seat was in a terrible state, the carpet was gone, and the concrete was greatly damaged. There are graffiti and broken glass everywhere, and there are no lights. Repairing is a big project.

　

"We have thoroughly cleaned, rebuilt the stage, polished the concrete surface and rebuilt some external walls that have been warped for many years. We have to repair the gate and replace a lot of glass. We also repaired the lighting equipment on site and added new lighting facilities. We also spent a lot of time dealing with all the audience seats and carpets. For us, it is the most important thing to keep the original appearance and make a little change. This is a great building, and I hope Tallinn can keep it. "

Undoubtedly, the most challenging scene is the well-designed car chase scene, which takes place on the busy expressway in the center of Tallinn, with constant traffic.

　

The first step is not only to obtain a long road use permit, but also to gain several weeks of shooting time.

Executive producer Thomas haislip explained: "We are going to block an eight-kilometer section of a six-lane highway, which is located in the center of Estonia’s most densely populated area."

Even after being approved, he said frankly: "Every day, I worry that the application will not be passed. Fortunately, we were finally approved and there was enough time. We want to thank many people, from local authorities to the public, for their cooperation and support. "

5. Dozens of stunt drivers drive retrograde.

Difficult scenes are controlled by stunt drivers.

Because there are too many vehicles, careful planning is the key to capture the action. The visual effects department led by andrew jackson contributed a lot, providing Nolan, actors and other departments with a dynamic preview of all the shots as a reference.

　

Hotema pointed out: "For example, in a car chase, sometimes it goes forward and sometimes it goes backwards. At some point in time, these different timelines will be intertwined and affect each other, so we have to figure out every shot like a puzzle. "

"Andrew’s team has successfully conceptualized what we want to shoot in the computer, so that we can overlook the whole scene at any time or from any angle."

　

"When we consider the problems related to car chasing, our first assumption is always wrong," Nolan recalled. "Your intuition will preset some things for you, you will believe them, and then after some hard work to solve them, you will realize that your thinking is completely in the wrong direction, and intuition actually takes you on a completely wrong path. Therefore, for these complicated shots, we have to keep looking at the previewer. "

　

"It is very helpful that we can not only look at all the components at a specific time, but also look at their relationships and find out their physical and process principles. Andrew and his team are an extremely important part of this process, "Hotma added.

These shots also require special effects director Scott Fisher to work closely with George Coe Teller.

Fisher said: "We talked a lot about how to control the car in reverse. We conducted some experiments with George to find out how to complete the conversion. Then, the film crew did a great job, prepared real vehicles for the film and integrated them into our tests. "

　

Cottle added: "At the beginning of the test, we firmly believed that if the car was driven in reverse, it would be a real car that could travel 50 or 60 miles per hour. This cannot be faked. And after some training, we succeeded. "

　

Cottle has formed a core team of 20 top drivers from Los Angeles, many of whom have participated in many films directed by Nolan. One of them was Jim Wilkey, who flipped a truck quickly in The Dark Knight. Kotel said: "When we arrived in Estonia, we were already a leading team in the industry."

　

Here, senior stunt drivers from Estonia, Prague and Britain also joined them. Before filming began, Cottle said, "We walked onto an abandoned runway and rehearsed it from beginning to end, because we knew it would be the most difficult problem."

　

Actors are allowed to drive by themselves.Pattinson thinks, "This is extremely interesting. I am a very conservative driver, but it is so exciting to put an IMAX camera on the car console and then shuttle through the passing vehicles. "

Thomas said: "Robert didn’t mention his driving ability at all. In fact, he didn’t seem to be a professional. However, when the stunt team evaluated his ability, they were all surprised by Robit’s driving ability, so he finally drove himself many times in the movie. "

　

Although the actors have driving skills, the stunt team controlled the car in a difficult scene for safety reasons.

Kotler explained: "We installed control pods in all the main characters’ cars or at the top, and arranged stunt drivers in the pods installed on the roof or hidden somewhere in the car. It seems that the actor is driving, but in fact it is the stunt driver who is controlling. "

　

Kotel, who has participated in six stunt films directed by Nolan, said: "Chris’s efforts in safety are second to none; Everything hangs in my heart. He would keep turning his head and asking me,’ How do you feel about it? How’s it going? Is it safe? Do you need more time?’ If it is not safe, he will slow everyone down. My team and I and everyone else on the scene are pleased with this. "

　

Estonia’s shooting location also includes Tallinn Art Museum, which is the preface hall of Oslo Freeport; Inside the warehouse where Tallinn Freeport is located; Railway station; And the port where the hero arrived in Estonia.

6. A rocket launcher is installed on the back of the yacht.

Shooting helicopter scenes with search and rescue teams

　

Many scenes of Tenet’s villain, Sattar, have to be filmed on the yacht, including the ending that he is finally killed.

　

existItalyThe main stage is picturesque.Maarfi coastA blue sea nearby: a luxury super yacht, where Andre Sattar lives.

Neil Andrea, the maritime coordinator, is in charge of preparing various ships appearing in the Tenet. He found this yacht named "The Ninth Planet".

　

The yacht is more than 73 meters long and consists of six decks and a helipad. "This is extremely necessary for some unavoidable scenes, which is one of the key reasons why we like it," Crowley said. "The gray reinforced hull makes it look more industrial and suitable."

Blana agreed. "Sattar designed and built it as a palace, an escape tool and a refuge. It hints at how he reacts to the world in an offensive and defensive way. The yacht itself is an amazing sculpture and structural art work. "

"To be honest, all movies don’t have random shots, but every frame of Nolan’s movies allows you to judge whether the story will rock the boat at any time. Therefore, this ship-including its military attributes, colors, edges and corners-will bring you into the heart of Andre Sattar and spy on its vicious and dangerous nature. "

　

In order to enlarge its nature, Crowley said that he placed a unique device on the back of the ninth planet. "It’s a rocket launcher, and this semi-militarized image seems to say,’ Don’t go near the yacht’, which further makes you feel that you can’t get close to the yacht."

　

Be very careful when modifying the hull during shooting. Crowley said: "When renting a giant yacht, try not to cause any damage. Therefore, it is very important to protect the corners or any vulnerable surfaces when the crew carries all the equipment on board." In fact, the crew assigned four crew members to protect the yacht from any potential damage.

　

Crowley and his team did make some modifications to the yacht: a new deck was built on the existing deck to raise it, and a set was added to cater to the role of Sattar.

However, moving or removing existing decorations is more complicated. "We must be able to make room for lamps and cameras," Crowley said. "Moreover, at least most of the furniture in one room should be removed so that the actors have enough room to walk around." Cleaning the space means that deck parts must be removed, so, just in case, the crew of the ninth planet is responsible for the removal of furniture.

However, there is one place in this yacht that cannot be modified: the helicopter landing pad. It is impossible to bear the weight of Sattar’s Russian-made Mil Mi-8 twin-turbo helicopter, because this helicopter far exceeds the maximum bearing capacity of the lifting platform.

Haislip said, "We have to figure out how to operate the helicopter without actually landing. We successfully found an excellent search and rescue team from Eastern Europe. They conducted some tests. When we filmed the scene, they started to operate the helicopter, almost without hovering. It looked as if the wheels had been placed on the yacht, but in fact they were still hanging in the air-the gap between the wheels and the lifting platform was as thin as a piece of paper; Very accurate and powerful. "

　

Although the key scenes on the yacht were filmed in Vietnamese waters, filmmakers know that it is unrealistic to bring the "Ninth Planet" into Southeast Asia.

Instead, they chooseAmalfi coastReplace Vietnam. Crowley said: "Some cliffs and nearby areas do not have Italian architecture, so they can be regarded as Vietnam."

"Because it’s a long shot, we just need to change its appearance from a distance. We built a small pier on the beach and redecorated several Italian fishing boats to make them look like Vietnamese fishing boats-welcome to Vietnam. " He said with a smile.

7. Shoot the F50 floating catamaran by helicopter.

Build a replica of "Buck" for the actors to perform.

The Ninth Planet is Andrei Sattar’s home on the sea, but in order to seek excitement on the high seas, he owns two state-of-the-art F50 floating catamarans.

The F50 has a unique shape, and its 24-meter-high sail is very hard, similar to the wing of an airplane, which will generate more power when the wind blows.

　

Several hydrofoils under the hull lift the ship from the water, thus reducing the resistance and improving the speed. The speed of the F50 is even higher than 60 mph, so driving it requires both iron will and skilled handling ability: if it is too high, the ship will capsize; It’s too low, and the sense of speed is not good.

　

After the hero came into contact with Sattar, he took him aboard one of the ships, F50, and raced with the other.

For the character and its actor, this is an exciting journey. "It was very intense," Washington confirmed. "It was like flying at high altitude. I was thinking,’ Are you kidding me?’ But I’m not afraid, especially when Nolan and Hotema are tied in the middle and filming around us-they enjoy it so much that they can’t stop. This is so interesting. Smooth sailing! "

Even with the most experienced people at the helm, the filmmakers soon learned that there are established wind speed parameters for the safe navigation of the F50: 5-18 knots.

Hotema said: "We must take into account the extreme capacity of these ships. But it is difficult, because as a film crew, you are used to setting the speed. We have to shoot, get into the rhythm, and find interesting shots … but if the wind suddenly becomes too strong, we have to turn back. These ships are very good, and they are a wonderful experience in many ways, but they may also be frustrating-because we don’t set the speed, but the wind speed of nature determines it. "

　

When the F50 was moving at full speed, other ships couldn’t keep up, so Nolan and Hotema hired helicopters to push and pull the lens, and used camera boats equipped with IMAX cameras on the rim arm to capture the F50 flying by.

In order to take close-ups and dialogues, they built a "Buck"-a replica of the hull of the F50. When Nolan, Hotema and the film crew sit on the attached boat, the actors can perform in "Buck".

existLondon, EnglandI also filmed some scenes, such as the shipley auction house, where the protagonist first met Kate; There are also private schools attended by Kate’s son, and a private club where the hero meets Michael crosby, played by michael caine.

8. Complete the stunt preparation for jumping off a building in the rainstorm

Nolan proposed to let the actors "bounce"

When filming Indian scenes such as climbing stairs, the crew arrived at the end of the monsoon season.Mumbai, India.

Sometimes there are heavy rains here, and once again, the environment has mastered the right to speak.

　

"To tell the truth," haislip recalled, "we are ready to shoot and need the cooperation of the sun. Chris would say,’ All right, guys, get ready to go.’ Then, we saw clouds gathering, and then it rained cats and dogs. As soon as the rain stopped, we started to work again … even though we were all wet. "

　

Hotema said: "Shooting after dark requires a lot of lighting equipment, and even headlights should be installed on the surrounding roofs, because we need to illuminate a large area. The water brought by the heavy rain in the sky brought a lot of challenges to the use of high-voltage electricity, but we did it. Thanks to the crew; They are good at their jobs, which makes complicated situations easier to handle. "

Despite the bad weather, the shooting of complex stunts at night was completed.

The protagonist and Neil must enter the attic of a heavily guarded 20-storey building for activities. "We explored different options, and I said,’ What if we let them go up from the side wall plate?’" Nolan was even more unique and said,’ What will happen if you bounce them up?’ I said,’ Good!’ But I know that once Nolan is approved, there is no way out. We have made various plans to prepare for the stunt, because we must be able to really carry out this’ ejection’ shooting and, as always, ensure safety. "

　

Chris daniels, stunt director and rigging coordinator, flew to Mumbai for precise measurement to see how much rigging was needed. "It’s 250 feet high, so the only way is to build a truss." Cottle said.

　

A small team began to prepare and test stunts very early. "We only plan to stay in Mumbai for less than a week, so I know we must start as soon as we arrive! Moreover, they arrived during the monsoon season, so they had to complete the installation, testing and preparation in the super rainstorm, "Kotel said.

The truss is built on the roof, made of super-strong aluminum, with strong ropes to eject the actors, and then their stuntmen bounce up from the roof of the adjacent 7-story building.

The two were prone on the roof tied with a high-speed mechanical winch, which was carefully tested like all other equipment. "Then, at the press of a button, we will bounce them 70 feet high and touch the building for the first time."

　

Cottle said, "When we are finished, we will press the button again and eject them to the landing site. Washington and Pattinson completed the first part of the jump-we stopped it at the first 20 feet-so when the audience saw the characters first play, it was really their own performance. It’s amazing to see them do this. "

　

Just like the way in, the protagonist and Neil need to bounce off the side of the terrace when they leave here. Washington and Pattinson took the first step: they jumped into the safety net below before their stunt body double, Daniel Graham and Kyle McClane took over. Both actors admit that although they have complete confidence in preparation and safety measures, the take-off is still daunting.

Washington admitted with a smile: "Now I can laugh it off, but I was really nervous. There is a safety net under half a floor, and you still have to jump on it. After that, I am not afraid of anything. "

Pattinson agreed: "Even if we only need a small jump, it is no different from a big jump, because there are 20 floors below the safety net. I feel very terrible, very interesting, very cool, and have an illusory sense of fulfillment. "

　

"It’s much easier for me as a filmmaker to have such a strong actor in this movie," Nolan said. "This gave me more freedom to shoot and benefited me a lot."

　

During their stay in India, the film crew also went to Mumbai Bay overlooking the Arabian Sea to take photos.

9. Relying on the experience of Dunkirk to deal with extreme weather.

Shooting water scenes on an icebreaker

At the beginning of Tenet, the hero was isolated in a towering wind turbine of a huge offshore wind farm, trained for his next move, and waited for the truth to be revealed.

The exterior and interior here are all inThe Baltic Sea off the Danish coastlineReal shot on a wind farm in the middle of the mountain.

　

On the water, it was filmed on a large icebreaker, and the weather has always had an impact on logistics. "One of the main problems we encountered when shooting in this area was the weather," said Neil Andre. "We were in a wind farm, so we knew it would be difficult next. Sometimes, there will be strong winds of more than 40 knots and surges of 8 to 10 feet. However, we are prepared by relying on the experience gained from the filming of Dunkirk. "

The icebreaker was too big to sail into the harbor, so we moored it a mile from the coast. Actors, crew members, cameras and other equipment can only take the crew transport ship, cross the rough sea and get close to the icebreaker. Fortunately, the waves near the hull are smaller.

Andre explained: "The icebreaker is equipped with a dynamic global positioning system and a propeller on the side, which can be manipulated and parked in a proper position. Then, we let the stern meet the storm and reduced the wind, so that people and equipment can get on and off the ship safely. "

　

The crew is still there.Oslo NorwayShooting for one day, the scene includes a meeting between the protagonist and Neil on the roof of the Oslo Opera House, and shooting a discussion scene of three people on the city street about blowing up planes.

10. It’s cheaper to shoot an explosion with a retired plane.

A light source is set on the surrounding roof to keep it brightly lit for a mile.

The dramatic plane explosion that happened in Oslo in the film was actually located in.Victoria Airport in California on the southwest edge of Mojave Desert.Photographed.

Although Nolan tends to shoot the most explosive action scenes in the camera, he originally planned to use models and computer special effects to shoot the above scenes. Understandably, it is assumed from several aspects that it is not allowed to let a real plane blow up.

However, what is shocking is that Thomas revealed: "We calculated the accounts and found that buying a retired old plane for real shooting is actually more cost-effective than building a model and a full-scale internal stereo set."

　

Nolan, Crowley and haislip go to Victorville Airport, where there are old passenger planes to be disposed of.

Nolan’s fancy plane is a Boeing 747 jumbo jet … Funny thing is, before shooting the bombing plane, the crew had to do the repair work first.

Scott Fisher explained: "After the plane retires, they will take out the brakes and other parts, so we need to replace the braking system first. After all, being able to brake is the most important thing. We must also figure out the steering mechanism, what kind of tractor to use, and ensure that everything is running normally. "

Filmmakers still need permission to take off and land from the airport and the manufacturer Boeing, and Boeing needs to provide the hangar because it is part of the fixed position.

"This shot involves the plane hitting the car, hitting the lamppost, and finally hitting the building and igniting. In essence, everything we do is what the airport does not want to happen. "

　

Haislip said frankly: "With their consent, we had to let Boeing board the plane to prove that we would not damage their hangar or sealed plane. We invited physicists to do calculations for stunts and asked them whether the plane has such a large weight, braking force and speed, how long it will take to stop at the earliest and where it will stop. We showed them that if we pressed this button, the plane would travel 23 feet and stop there, and they finally approved us to shoot. "

　

For the sake of safety and control, the plane should not be allowed to slide on its own, so Jim wilkie drove the tractor to drag the plane along the runway and then suddenly turned; After that, the cable/pulley system is used to control the actual impact.

Cottle said: "Jim and Scott spent several weeks researching, and the rest of us finished the time calculation before they could join them."

The plane is controlled by the pilot in the pod near the wheel well in the belly. "We will never let anyone sit in the cockpit to keep them as far away from the collision zone and fireworks as possible."

　

When shooting at night, the crash scene needs to be equipped with huge lighting equipment. Hotema confirmed: "The lighting must cover a large area, so we set up light sources on the roofs of all the surrounding buildings. It is a challenge to keep the lights bright within a mile, because the background of shooting should be an airport in Oslo, and we don’t want to shoot the dry Mojave desert. "

　

Nolan said that even when shooting such a well-designed scene, he must remain calm so that others can follow his command.

　

He said: "I must be very objective and not whimsical. I must regard it as another set of shots, because department heads and people who put complex things together must be able to act calmly and safely. If everyone is obsessed with its scale, the details will be left out. You must pay close attention to safety, so there is a lot of communication between departments to know exactly where we can go and where we can put the camera. As long as we have a serious discussion around it at the same time, find ways together, and listen carefully to everyone’s reactions, things can be done. "

　

Amish Patel, the actor of maher, is an indispensable figure in this scene. He said: "Nolan likes big scenes, but everything depends on the story." He has planned everything, and you know you are safe. Then, just witness the miracle. "

Besides,Terminal building of Los Angeles International AirportAlso "performed" the terminal building of Oslo Airport.

11. Build a full-scale building to replace the green curtain.

Actors wear equipment and shuttle through the desert for 10 hours every day.

The most complicated scene in Tenet took place in an abandoned Russian city, and was shot in three locations.

The location is inMount Iger, a desert ghost town near Indio.Taken in an abandoned iron mine in the middle of the mountain. Nathan Crowley said, "We want to shoot in abandoned buildings in barren Siberian terrain without trees and plants. There are ready-made buildings in Mount Eagle, and we realized that we could transform them into old-fashioned apartment buildings. We also added buildings to keep the feeling of fauvism, which is another architectural language of this film since Linnahall. "

　

In addition to building many full-scale buildings, Crowley’s team also created what he called a "big model" and used forced perspective technology to make the already huge scenery look even bigger.

"You can use forced perspective to deceive your eyes," Crowley said. "We can make something seem to last forever, but this is just an illusion. In fact, this is an ancient technology, which has been largely replaced by the green screen, but we prefer the effective method. Why not use it? This can make creation more interesting, so we will do what we can, and if we can’t, we will ask our visual effects colleagues for help. "

In addition to several leading actors in the film, the entire stunt team and hundreds of extras also participated in the shooting of the Mount Eagle scene. Considering the requirements of the action and the venue, George Coe Teil arranged the first important event for the behind-the-scenes staff.

He said: "We know that everyone must suffer more than real soldiers, because they will put on military uniforms, carry guns and all the equipment, and wear these equipment for up to 10 hours every day in the hot desert, which requires a certain good attitude." But after that, the task gradually increased, and the actors ran wildly in the hilly area, with rocks and concrete blocks from the explosive buildings everywhere, surrounded by carefully set explosions.

　

Some interiors of Mount Eagle are inShed 16 on the set of Warner Bros..The studio is best known for its giant sink. "Studio 16 provides us with the height we need, because the sink allows you to rise 20 feet below the floor level," Crowley said. "We can’t build this kind of scenery in any other studio. Vertically, this is our best choice. "

12. Building turnstiles in closed shopping centers.

Some revolving doors can accommodate cars.

The third location is located.An old closed shopping mall in HawthorneInside, here, the crew built the largest turnstile. "This is the underground entrance of the solid industrial concrete turnstile. It was built here because it inherited the theme of Fauvism architecture, "Crowley said.

　

There are four turnstiles in the movie, each with a unique design: one is built in a warehouse in Estonia; Two were built in Hawthorne Shopping Center; The fourth building was built in studio 23 of Warner Bros.

"These scenes are very eye-catching," haislip said. "The huge revolving door is a magical mechanical device that moves and hinges mechanically. Some of them are so big that they can even accommodate cars. "

13.I have created two hours of material before shooting.

Musicians recorded at home and then synthesized under the epidemic situation.

Tenet’s last creativity was the score, which was composed by Ludwig Granson.

He said: "Although I have never worked with Nolan before, he has had a great influence on the way I experience movies. When talking to him, I was shocked by his vision of the soundtrack, his profound knowledge of music and his efforts to promote Tenet’s breakthrough in music production. "

"When I started writing, the dialogue between us became a listening forum. We analyzed sound, harmony and texture together, and then improved it little by little. Later, when he was about to start shooting around the world, he had two hours of music to listen to and choose. If he thinks of which soundtrack belongs to which character, or how the music fits in with the scene he shot that day in different ways, he records it and tells me. "

　

When describing his creative process, Granson said: "There are many sound hallucinations in the soundtrack. I spent a lot of time listening to familiar voices, and then skillfully processed them organically and digitally, thus reflecting the complex Tenet world. One of the biggest challenges I face in the creation of soundtrack is how can I present a musical roadmap to the audience when they are experiencing such a grand and technically unprecedented film? "

After successfully completing a variety of stunning stunts during photography, Nolan could never have thought that his commitment to safety would extend to the post of soundtrack. However, this year’s epidemic forced them to change the music venue.

　

Granson explained: "It is an unusual feeling to complete the creation of the soundtrack during the epidemic. We were lucky to be able to record the early orchestral chapters in Los Angeles, but the epidemic struck, and we had to reconsider the plan of recording large orchestral chapters for another two weeks. "

"When the whole world changed because of the epidemic, Nolan and I decided to complete the orchestral part of the score by letting musicians record music in their respective homes. This process sounds easy, but it is very troublesome to practice."

"But fortunately, the result was great. When all the content was mixed together, we were all very excited."

　

After the filming of Tenet was finished, Thomas said, "I hope the audience can escape from their daily lives and get involved in this story through this film. In the past few months, we all miss the feeling of being immersed in another world through movies. I am glad that the audience can enjoy this kind of fun again through this film. It will make you sit in the seat of the cinema and be firmly attracted to the front of your neck until the credits begin to roll. "

　

Nolan concluded: "I hope that through Tenet, I can provide the audience with a reason to feel and experience action movies again, especially spy movies. I want to show my audience a new way of watching movies, so that they can also feel the excitement of watching spy movies when I was a child. We also strive to provide a new experience for the audience, that is, when you watch the action scenes in the movie, you can’t predict what will happen next. We really hope to bring the audience an unprecedented journey of time and space reversal. "

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On the day of 618, the number of participating users exceeded 700 million, which greatly promoted the consumption fever. This year, various e-commerce apps changed the promotion rhythm and overweight concessions, and the head brand joint platform put advertisements to grab user traffic. What was the effect from creating momentum to transformation?

Uncertainty and competition have intensified, and each platform has achieved growth through the change of marketing rhythm and the shortcomings of power categories.

1. The consumer market has bottomed out, and the e-commerce platform and merchants jointly seize certain opportunities.　

1.1 Affected by both macro-economy and epidemic situation, the consumer market bottomed out before the "618" promotion.　

With the unsealing of key cities in May and June, the consumer market is expected to usher in a recovery, and the 618 major promotion nodes provide a good opportunity for brands to drive sales.　

1.2 Policy standardizes the development of platform economy, and head players increase subsidies to merchants and consumers, aiming at grasping certain growth in the context of intensified competition.

2. The competition among users between platforms is deepening, and the conversion efficiency of two waves of traffic is different.　

2.1 The scale of large-scale users of mobile shopping continued to grow in the big promotion period. With the intensification of competition, the scale of industry users was more explosive at important nodes.　

According to QuestMobile data, the number of active users in the mobile shopping APP industry reached 730 million on June 18, 2022, up 15.0% year-on-year.

2.2 Each platform is still the focus of the marketing cycle, and it is promoted by actions such as inviting investment in advance and paying in advance.

Integrated e-commerce continues to struggle in the three-stage marketing, and the live e-commerce platform creates a specific outbreak period for the key categories of the platform to achieve the continuous outbreak of category business.　

2.3 In the past three years, the popularity of user participation in the head e-commerce platform has continued to heat up. The final payment period of Taobao has brought the peak of user scale ahead of schedule, and the fluctuation rhythm of users in JD.COM is the same as in previous years.　

According to QuestMobile data, the user scale of the head integrated e-commerce platform reached the peak on June 18th in 2022 during the "618" period, and the user scale in JD.COM increased the most on the day of the 618 carnival compared with the end of May 31st.

2.4 There was a cluster of promotional periods between platforms, and users of Amoy and JD.COM experienced traffic explosion on the first payment day. There was no concept of payment time in Pinduoduo, and the peak of user scale appeared two high points in the morning.

2.5 The water storage characteristics of people in front of important nodes are obvious, which helps the brand to realize efficient transformation.　

As the high point of the first wave of traffic, the payment efficiency of users has been significantly improved compared with normal days. With the help of platform marketing tools, the brand’s lock on potential users, users’ purchase of goods and the cooperation of marketing activities are more accurate, so it has also achieved a secondary improvement in the payment efficiency of the day.

2.6 On the first payment day, users’ cross-platform comparison and ordering behavior became more obvious, and the competition for users by platforms intensified.

3. Each platform takes great opportunities to attract a wider range of users.　

3.1 Under the background of high penetration of mobile e-commerce, Tmall and JD.COM’s newly installed users grew rapidly during the pre-sale period.

3.2 Under the stock market, the head players can cover the user groups more comprehensively with the help of big promotion marketing.

Both ends of the platform exert their strength to awaken users and empower businesses, and brands compete for traffic by rushing to market.

1. The "flow" of comprehensive e-commerce operation has changed to "reserved quantity", and the e-commerce crowd has been broadcast live in a refined way to undertake the realization of flow.

1.1 618 as a super marketing IP, the marketing links are deeply involved by many parties, the media and content positions set up to create a shopping atmosphere and guide traffic, and the marketing pattern of business positions is solid.　

1.2 Integrated e-commerce platform focuses on full-link, multi-node marketing actions to guide users’ full-cycle traffic.

With the advantage of traffic, the live e-commerce platform mainly focuses on the intra-domain content and traffic distribution mechanism, and leads to live transactions through user content consumption patterns.　

1.3 In addition to traffic and marketing subsidies, each platform relies on the marketing science platform and uses differentiated marketing resources to empower businesses.　

By upgrading the marketing platform, integrated e-commerce can promote the business of people and goods yard. In addition to creating high-quality short video/live content IP, live e-commerce provides businesses with refined operational capabilities for brand groups and marketing resources.

2. The enthusiasm of brand joint advertising is not diminished, and the rhythm is pre-emptive to compete for the first wave of traffic.

2.1 The cooperation between brands and channels has deepened, and at the same time, more brands have tried to improve their marketing effects through joint exposure through big promotion.　

2.2 The focus of joint launch is inclined to the drainage period, and e-commerce is coordinated to drain the key marketing nodes.　

2.3 The brand maintains cooperation with other channels on the basis of joint e-commerce, but the attempt of multi-platform cooperation is weakening.

Great promotion stimulates consumption and drives the marketing market to be hot.

1. Advertising is an effective marketing tool during the promotion period.　

1.1 On the whole, 618 material advertisements were placed around the payment date, and the center of gravity was tilted to 6.18.

1.2 During the promotion period, media resources are scarce, and social and video attribute media are more likely to concentrate the resources invested by brand owners and reach users’ attention in combination.

1.3 Typical consumer goods industries adopt multi-peak and high-point advertising.

During the promotion period, a variety of media types were laid out, among which the beauty care and household appliances industries preferred social media.

2. New categories and big items are the main targets of brand owners.　

2.1 The overall beauty industry is fierce, and brand players participate more; The categories of home scenes such as household appliances and computer office are relatively prominent.

2.2 Taking the beauty industry as an example, facial skin care products account for 90% of the investment resources; Head advertisers in the beauty industry are still dominated by internationally renowned brands.

2.3 Domestic brands are more inclined to focus on explosive products, and beauty products reach accurate segmentation through functional features.

2.4 Personal care products advertising focused on shampoo and hair care products.

2.5 Take the household appliance industry as an example. Most household appliances focus on refrigerators and air conditioners, while household appliances and small household appliances mainly focus on new types of household appliances.

Among household appliances and small household appliances, new brands are also relatively active.

3. The topic of manufacturing content of e-commerce platform is preheated, and the volume of popular categories is increased.

3.1 The platform side strengthens the link between consumers and brands through marketing activities, and improves the efficiency of "people-goods" matching.　

During the warm-up period of each platform, the sound volume is increased through topic hot search, so that brands can release new products or main explosive products.

4. Live e-commerce is normalized, and traffic is concentrated on brand sales.

4.1 During the promotion period, the live broadcast of goods continued to be hot, and the live broadcast room still served as a key sales conversion contact.

The marketing node of the live broadcast e-commerce platform moved forward, and the platform activities were further enriched. By creating various theme days and task competitions, the drainage and transformation of the live broadcast room were helped.　

There are many kinds of goods in the live broadcast room. QuestMobile data shows that during the period of June 18, 2022, the TOP3 sales of platform categories in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker were skin care, leisure snacks and make-up.

4.2 During the promotion of Oriental Selection, "accident" broke out, and Lao Yu took over Lao Luo, driving a new round of live e-commerce to move towards scene marketing.　

As a phenomenal live broadcast room, Oriental Selection drives more mature consumers to participate in live e-commerce through scene-based live broadcast, and enhances the cultural level of live broadcast rooms with goods while expanding the crowd.

5, brand heat index map