Scholars’ Views： Beware of Western Ideological Hegemony in International Economic Competition

The following article comes from the ideological and theoretical education guide, written by Kan Daoyuan.

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About the author: Kan Daoyuan, Associate Professor of School of Marxism, Fudan University.

Abstract: In the process of economic globalization, there are both cooperation and competition among countries. However, some western developed countries are used to manipulating ideological hegemony in economic competition, shaping global public opinion and public opinions, politicizing and even stigmatizing the legitimate economic and trade behaviors of developing countries and emerging economies, so as to help western multinational enterprises seize excess profits, realize transnational exploitation and safeguard western economic rule over the world. The disgraceful role of western ideological hegemony in international economic competition threatens the industrial and economic security of developing countries and emerging economies, misleads global public opinion and political values, and is not conducive to building a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order. We should keep a high degree of vigilance against the overall situation, concealment and harmfulness of this ideological infiltration, use comprehensive means to effectively counter it, carry out in-depth national security education, firmly establish the concept of national security in the new era, and earnestly safeguard national economic security, political security and cultural security.

[Keywords:] international economy; Developed capitalist countries; Ideological hegemony; Economic security; state security

Economic and trade globalization is a historical trend that benefits all mankind, and western developed countries have always been the biggest beneficiaries. However, with the in-depth development of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the profound adjustment of international power, some western political forces stick to the cold war mentality of politicizing economic issues and ideological science and technology, and use the dominant political power, cultural power and public opinion power to intervene in international economic competition, in order to hinder the industrial rise of developing countries and emerging economies through ideological games and cultural psychological warfare, so as to continue to obtain and maintain transnational excess profits. From the Sino-US trade friction to the "Huawei incident" and then to the "COVID-19 vaccine incident" and "Xinjiang cotton incident", some western developed countries have repeatedly staged acts of manipulating ideological hegemony in economic competition, providing rich and vivid realistic cases and negative materials for the people of the world to recognize the true face of hegemonism and power politics. It is necessary to analyze and judge the realistic influence and development trend of western ideological hegemony in international economic competition from the perspective of safeguarding national economic security, political security and cultural security, and earnestly enhance the awareness and ability of safeguarding national security.

First, the basic characteristics of western ideological hegemony in international economic competition

As an important part of western "soft power", ideological hegemony is the key pillar of its world ruling power. After the end of the Cold War, western ideological hegemony has become increasingly active in world politics, becoming an invisible and ubiquitous "diffuse power", which has both the essential characteristics of western hegemonism and the remarkable characteristics of new changes in western political infiltration in the new period. This kind of power is more and more frequently and deeply involved in international economic competition, and plays the role of an "important variable" that affects or even influences international economic and trade development and international relations.

1. Based on the economic strength and military strength of developed capitalist countries, play its role in maintaining the western hegemonic system and the international political and economic order dominated by the west.

Since the Cold War, world politics has become "politics of ideas". The socialist ideology of the Soviet Union and eastern European countries is sharply opposed to the cultural hegemony based on western liberal democracy. The ideological conflict and the national interest conflict are intertwined to form the main line of international disputes. After the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the west thought it was a typical victory of "defeating ideas with ideas", and the western group led by the United States won a "war without smoke", marking the "end of history" and "end of ideology". With the "power vacuum" after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the west quickly occupied the sphere of influence of the former Soviet Eastern European bloc, spared no effort to export democracy and institutions, and the western ideological hegemony expanded strongly around the world. "Political power is only the product of economic power", [1](P80) As a kind of political "soft power", the "hegemony" of western ideology naturally has its "hard power" foundation. It is precisely because the western economic power and military power provide the necessary resources, conditions and confidence for the composition and "expansion" of ideological power that the propaganda of western democracy and human rights and the myth of "universal value" have won wide market and audience favor. At the same time, the advantages of ideological power in cultural communication, ideological construction, value orientation and system output have effectively made up for the shortcomings of limited application of economic and military power in some fields, and it has also become one of the important pillars to maintain the western hegemonic system. Since the 21st century,The United States-led western forces’ intervention in other countries’ internal affairs, such as the Iraq war, the Libyan war and the Syrian war, has been strongly condemned by international morality. The practice of promoting the "color revolution" and system export has gone bankrupt in Iraq, Libya, Egypt and other countries, especially since the international financial crisis in 2008, the deep-seated and systematic contradictions in western developed capitalist countries have been constantly exposed, coupled with the missteps and failures in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic and the intensification of social contradictions, which indicates a systematic crisis of western hegemony and a major international power structure. In this context, the western world, after careful consideration of the resource investment and strategic cost of maintaining the hegemonic system, finds that it cannot rely solely on "explicit" practices and naked means such as military action and economic sanctions, but needs to actively use ideological soft power to cover up its true intentions, adopt flexible, flexible and effective "implicit" strategic means, and shape the legitimacy and legitimacy of Western domination of global governance by subtle, silent and three-dimensional infiltration methods, and attack and weaken it.

2. With the main goal of helping developed capitalist countries and their multinational enterprises to obtain excess profits, carry out public opinion and cultural shaping.

Since the 21st century, developing countries and emerging economies have occupied an increasing proportion in the world economic stage, contributing more than 60% to the global economic growth, and [2](P12) is achieving an overall rise. This development trend will gradually change the basic appearance of western countries dominating the world economic structure in modern times through the differentiation of industrial development in various countries, the change of international division of labor and the adjustment of interest distribution pattern, which is of great practical significance to global economic governance, democratization of international relations and diversification of development models. However, western multinational enterprises cannot tolerate the loss of transnational excess profits after the changes of international industrial layout and world economic structure, and western developed capitalist countries are even more unwilling to end their economic hegemony. Lenin once hit the nail on the head and pointed out that international capital "is not simply to serve us, but to make a big profit" and "to grab hundreds of percent of profits by monopolizing the world market". [3](P193) Therefore, some western countries view the rise of emerging economies from the perspective of hegemonic thinking and "zero-sum game", especially unwilling to see the "loss" of monopoly profits and the rapid development of developing countries and emerging economies with different political and economic systems. On the one hand, they hinder the development and growth of international competitors through economic measures such as trade protectionism, financial risk transfer and tax competition; On the other hand, it is coordinated with political, public opinion and cultural means to form a "three-dimensional offensive" of global economic competition, [4](P3)Focus on cracking down on strategic emerging industries such as 5G, new energy photovoltaic and genetic engineering supported by international competitors including China. In the hundreds of years of global expansion in modern times, western countries have formed a deep-rooted tradition of cultural colonialism. In recent years, with the help of more advanced modern means of communication, western ideas, values and culture have penetrated into every corner of economic and social life, becoming an indispensable lubricant for maintaining the operation of the global economic ruling machine. At the same time, compared with the comparative change of economic strength, there is generally a long or short "time lag" in the comparative change of ideological power, and cultural inertia and mindset can often last for a long historical period, which also provides the basis and conditions for developed capitalist countries to continue to manipulate cultural hegemony. Through the role of value construction played by ideological hegemony, the whole world, especially developing countries and emerging economies, are urged to recognize the rules of international economic games formulated by the West, copy the political system and electoral system exported by the West, admire the brand culture shaped by the West, and avoid all kinds of economic behaviors and influences that are unfavorable to the interests of the West. As a result, the "non-Western" world has always been at the low end of the industrial chain, value chain, supply chain and interest chain, and finally "consciously" becomes an economy serving the developed capitalist countries and transnational interest groups in the West. In a word, western ideological hegemony cooperates with economic imperialism with cultural imperialism policy, aiming to strike and destroy potential rivals in international economic competition through flexible means, so as to continue to realize and maintain transnational exploitation and monopoly profits.

3. Take discourse hegemony, media hegemony and network hegemony as functional fulcrums and communication carriers, and implement global intensive infiltration.

Western discourse hegemony is the "core" of its ideological hegemony. After hundreds of years of construction, western concepts, thoughts and systems are embedded in a set of social science theoretical framework and academic system, and their discourse system, concept system and value system have deeply influenced the global public and transformed into strong ideological appeal and value penetration. The theory of liberal democracy and the theory of "universal value", together with various theories concocted in the name of academic innovation and various "indexes" known as "objectivity and justice" reflecting the political democracy, human rights situation and economic development of various countries, have jointly released the systematic radiation and three-dimensional influence of western discourse hegemony. [5] By ranking the democratic situation and human rights situation in a so-called "scientific" way, political pressure and economic sanctions against strategic competitors have become the usual tactics of the United States and other western countries. It is found that more than half of the US foreign economic sanctions contain policy objectives of democracy or human rights. [6] At the same time, it is the traditional advantage of the west to master the global and wide-ranging media organizations such as television and radio stations. More than 90% of the news in the world media market is monopolized by the western media. [7] According to the western political theory, the media is an "important tool" to supervise the government and promote social fairness and justice. However, the privatized media organizations always operate according to their own profit-making logic and behavior rules, that is, the media "customizes" the production of news and other products according to the requirements of the government and interest groups, while the government and interest groups "feed back" the media through resource transmission, forming a tacit understanding between the government, interest groups and media organizations."conspiracy" On the "Xinjiang Cotton Incident", the western media, represented by BBC and CNN, followed the lead of the government and interest groups, spared no effort to set issues, create public opinion, and start the propaganda machine to promote the interests of western multinational companies. In the Internet age, western ideological hegemony has broken through the physical boundaries of sovereign countries with the help of the advantages of network informationization, and has continued to perform the "Trinity" trick of political propaganda, value shaping and commercial communication in virtual space, and has fully applied network hegemony. Western websites, forums, Weibo, micro-vision and other cyberspace cooperate with traditional media to improve network coverage and adhesion in the form of cartoons and short videos, which are full of arguments to demonize Huawei, China COVID-19 Vaccine and Xinjiang Cotton, and guide netizens to form a preconceived negative impression, and take the opportunity to market western products online to achieve a "double harvest" of economic and political interests.

4. With political stigma, distortion of history, Luo Zhi charges and security deterrence as the main means, it cooperates with economic penetration and commercial operation.

 However, this has enabled the oil giants led by the United States and controlled by the West to occupy more international market share and make huge profits, thus realizing the original intention of the United States to exclude dissidents and manipulate petrodollars. In addition, in order to suppress Huawei’s and China’s 5G global business, the United States has raised more than 20 charges ranging from stealing trade secrets to violating sanctions against Iran, and unreasonably demanded that Canada detain the relevant person in charge of Huawei for a long time. Ironically, the United States has no mercy on competitors within the Western camp. The book "American Trap" profoundly describes that in the name of commercial bribery, American prosecutors use "long arm jurisdiction" to detain the head of Alstom France, and then achieve the purpose of prosecuting, splitting and forcibly purchasing the company and cracking down on competitors. [8](P2) Facts have proved that as long as anyone moves the cheese of western interest groups led by the United States and poses a threat to them in economic competition and scientific and technological competition, the violent machines and ruling machines mastered by the West will quickly start the "stress reaction" and implement the complete operation process of "distorting the facts-Luo Zhi’s charges-public opinion-judicial trial" until the business image of competitors is completely destroyed and their commercial competitiveness is greatly weakened, exposing naked economic imperialism and

5. Take the path of influencing global consumers’ values and behavior choices, and integrate political propaganda and commercial propaganda invisibly.

In recent years, developed capitalist countries have continuously released and shaped such information through the "figurative infiltration" of commercial propaganda such as daily necessities and electronic entertainment products: as the "commodity presentation" of western values, western commodities contain the beautiful value pursuit of human beings such as democracy, human rights and freedom; On the contrary, the goods made in some "non-Western" countries are inextricably linked with historical and realistic behaviors such as "violating human rights" and "suppressing democracy". Because their goods are "problematic", the national system and social values behind commodity production are "also problematic". Therefore, according to their propaganda, western goods not only occupy the "highland of quality", but also occupy the "highland of value and morality". Loving western goods not only means pursuing "high quality" goods themselves, but also symbolizes the pursuit and yearning of commodity consumers for good values. The goal of this integration of business and politics is to make the vast audience, including developing countries, form the value preference and path dependence of consumption, and then produce a strong psychological projection effect. [9] Facts have proved that the diffusion, permeability and appeal of the value-building project combined with commercial propaganda are extremely amazing, and this conclusion has been repeatedly verified by the political behavior practice of young audiences who worship western goods in the Arab Spring and the color revolution in many countries in recent years. Although there are individual phenomena that favor western goods and brands but are "anti-American" and "anti-Western", on the whole, there are few cases in which there is tension and conflict between western commodity culture and western political values in the thinking of young audiences.As a "social force leading the trend", youth’s value orientation "determines the value orientation of the whole society in the future". [10](P280) From commodity worship, enterprise worship and brand worship to value worship, cultural worship and system worship, it is a natural logical and psychological process to realize the "internal transformation" from brand loyalty to system loyalty. Similarly, by distorting or even smearing the business behaviors of developing countries and emerging economies, symbolizing, labeling and facelifting their commodities and brands, and guiding consumers to make negative comments on them automatically, it gradually evolved into negative psychological hints along the logical level of "commodity-enterprise-country-system", which is also an important result expected by western ideological hegemony. This result has a great impact on some developing countries and emerging economies whose political systems and economic and social development models are different from those of the West, and it will lead to a passive situation of commercial competition and institutional competition. Therefore, the ideological struggle in international economic competition seems to be mixed with political and cultural factors in economic behavior, but in fact it is intended to "reshuffle" the results of economic development and institutional contest through more concealed and overall political, psychological and propaganda wars.

Second, the realistic harm of western ideological hegemony in international economic competition

Western ideological hegemony not only affects normal international economic and trade exchanges, but its risk spillover effect involves many important fields such as industrial security, economic security, cultural security and political security, so we must attach great importance to it and carefully analyze and judge its practical influence and development trend.

1. Threatening the industrial development, economic sovereignty and economic security of developing countries and emerging economies.

As an extension of western economic and military hegemony, western ideological hegemony has become an important "variable" and "external force" with increasing frequency and depth in international economic competition. It breaks the fair rules of international economy and trade, crosses the "boundary" of the normal economic behavior of the country, makes a big fuss with political and ideological factors, sets various asymmetric "thresholds" such as so-called "democracy indicators", "human rights indicators" and "integrity indicators", and uses politicization, demonization, stigma and other means to create momentum for public opinion and publicity, putting international competitors in a passive position of politics, public opinion and business. This kind of behavior will directly damage the corporate image, industrial image and national image of developing countries and emerging economies, forcing them to change their industrial chains, supply chains and trade chains under the international "encirclement and suppression" situation, resulting in huge enterprise development costs and industrial internal friction, affecting the production, operation and development of pillar enterprises, and even greatly weakening the industrial base, international economic competitiveness and game ability that may compete with western developed countries, such as electronic information, biomedicine, intelligent manufacturing, new energy photovoltaic and modern agriculture. Under this circumstance, the balance of payments of developing countries and emerging economies will be disturbed, the reduction of foreign exchange reserves and the increase of international debt will be inevitable, and the international financial risks and national economic security risks will further rise. Once the time is ripe, transnational capital controlled by developed capitalist countries will enter these fields related to the national economy and people’s livelihood along with political infiltration and cultural infiltration.Through various means such as acquisition, merger and reorganization, the pillar industries and emerging industries of competitors are "dismembered", thus controlling the economic lifeline and economic sovereignty of developing countries and continuing and expanding their transnational exploitation and excess profits. If some western countries are allowed to continue to manipulate ideological hegemony in international economic competition, it will cause the developing countries to suffer from economic and technological bottlenecks to political and cultural bottlenecks, fall into the trap of international division of labor and be exploited in international trade, continue to expand the industrial gap and competitiveness gap with developed countries, and it is difficult to get rid of the "dependent role" and "marginal position" of the west in economy.

2. Build a global business culture and political values that are in line with Western interests.

Fundamentally speaking, international trade behavior results from the differences in resource endowments among countries and the international division of labor. It has the basic characteristics of cooperation, win-win and mutual benefit, and there is also an obvious "boundary" with international political behavior. It cannot simply equate economic and trade behavior and relations between countries with political behavior and relations. However, western ideological hegemony can skillfully combine the "two skins" of commercial behavior and political behavior. On the one hand, it constantly manipulates political issues and ideological means to influence the results of international economic and trade, serving multinational enterprises and transnational capital; On the other hand, he is good at "invisibility" in business activities and economic exchanges, self-replication, self-propagation and self-expansion, and accurately "implants" the "political" genes carried and embedded in "economic" activities into the body and mind of global targets. Especially for the latter, the vast number of developing countries and emerging economies should pay close attention and be vigilant. Because, it is not only related to the specific results of international economic competition in some periods, but also to the fundamental and long-term problems of the global rule of the whole western values. In this field, western ideological hegemony combines "grand narrative" with "specific details", links "old historical accounts" with "practical problems", binds "commercial behavior" with "evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the system", and integrates political ideas with commercial propaganda, leaving no trace and turning it into invisibility, exposing the ingenuity and foresight of political psychological warfare in international economic competition. This situation is quite prominent in recent international political practice.It will also become the norm in future international relations. It can be predicted that international economic competition with political issues will occur more frequently. Apart from attacking competitors, its purpose is to discipline and brainwash the global public, that is, to inculcate such a value judgment repeatedly: only business practices that conform to Western political values are "good" and can be "favored" by the West, and this "favor" undoubtedly symbolizes "civilization and progress" Behaviors and systems that deviate from it represent "backwardness, conservatism and evil" and will not be "recognized" by the western world and the international mainstream. This ideological offensive is a new continuation and development of the infiltration of western values in the international economic field in the post-cold war period, and its great energy of building a global business culture view and political values in line with western interests has been repeatedly verified by history and reality, and continues to accelerate its development.

3. It has a significant negative impact on the establishment of a new international political and economic order.

The hegemony of western ideology in international economic competition shows that the western developed countries led by the United States violate the international trade rules and destroy the global industrial chain, supply chain and value chain, which is a naked bullying behavior. [11] This behavior is the continuation and evolution of the Cold War mentality in the international economic and trade field. Its essence is to regard developing countries and emerging economies as competitors and opponents of their interests, and move against the historical trend of economic globalization, multipolarization and democratization of international relations. In order to safeguard the hegemonic interests of the West and the global rule of the West, they will not hesitate to tear off the "coat" of win-win and mutual benefit in international economic and trade cooperation, and adopt ideological means to "encircle" by public opinion and "subdue" by politics, thus hindering industrial competition. In fact, "relying on the cold war mentality, drawing a line with ideology and playing a zero-sum game can neither solve our own problems nor cope with the common challenges facing mankind." [12] The Cold War mentality and its practice have set an extremely bad value orientation and public opinion orientation in international relations: that is, compared with western developed countries, the values, system design and corporate culture of developing countries and emerging economies are all "inferior", so they can only exist in the role of supporting industries in western countries, and any behavior that forms industrial competition with western countries is "not allowed", otherwise they will be jointly strangled and severely punished; At the same time, from the perspective of pragmatism and utilitarianism, western countries can trample on the basic norms of international exchanges at will, take western values as the measuring standard and judging basis, and use "non-economic and trade"Means to solve normal international economic and trade problems. Realistically, the rise of developing countries and emerging economies and the fundamental changes in the international power structure have become an indisputable fact, which is not only the historical necessity of the changing strength of international actors and the development and change of the international pattern, but also the value necessity of establishing a fairer and more rational new international political and economic order. However, some developed capitalist powers have evaded the facts and violated the law, subjectively claiming moral superiority and superior value, waving sanctions sticks everywhere to play the role of guardians, but in fact they are selfish and harbor evil intentions; Objectively, it will lead to "industrial suffocation", economic decline and development stagnation in developing countries and emerging economies, and will eventually continue to widen the global gap between the rich and the poor, arouse hatred against western developed countries and trigger a "burning world", which will bring greater variables and add more uncertainty to solving the problem of global peace and development.

Third, the path choice of deconstructing western ideological hegemony in international economic competition

In view of the new trend and new characteristics of western ideological hegemony in international economic competition, we should vigorously innovate the thinking and methods of struggle, adopt comprehensive means to respond forcefully, organically combine ideological and public opinion guidance, discourse system construction, international joint struggle and the revitalization of strategic emerging industries, gradually change passive response into strategic initiative, and earnestly safeguard industrial security, economic security and ideological security.

1. Deeply expose the essence of western ideological hegemony in international economic competition.

Apart from the support of economic and military strength, the spread, concealment and confusion of western ideological hegemony have played a considerable role. Therefore, we should make great efforts to remove all kinds of "packages" and "coats" from the western ideological hegemony, interpret its key code of "collusion between capital and power" [13], and expose its essence of cooperating economic colonization with ideological control and cultural colonization to the people of the world. In terms of international communication, it is necessary to reveal the trauma and evil consequences brought by hegemonism and power politics to the people of the world from the historical dimension, analyze the new trends, new manifestations and new features of hegemonism in the post-cold war era from the realistic dimension, and evaluate the contributions and bright prospects of developing countries and emerging economies to world peace and development from the development trend dimension, especially to tell the truth about the times value and world significance of building a community of human destiny, and further strive for an active international public opinion situation. In terms of domestic propaganda, it is necessary to expose the true intention of the West to manipulate the media to carry out public opinion wars to stigmatize China enterprises, strategic emerging industries and political system, expose the "motive injury", "historical injury", "data injury" and "theory injury" behind the pressure exerted by the West under the "human rights card" and "democracy card", and reveal the great historical and practical significance of developing strategic emerging industries and solving the "bottleneck" problem for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the ideological education of young people,It is necessary to explain clearly and thoroughly the arduous efforts and great historical achievements made by the Party in leading the people to carry out economic construction and national industrial revitalization through historical review, the industrial advantages and disadvantages between China and western developed countries through comparative methods, and the deep feelings about the economic development, scientific and technological progress and industrial take-off of the motherland in recent years through storytelling. Through the sharing of personal experience, we will clearly explain the brand confidence, industrial confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence of the motherland, and further enlighten and train young people through realistic, targeted and critical situation and task education. In short, we should not only be highly alert to the threat posed by western ideological hegemony, but also regard this realistic challenge as a rare opportunity and a vivid case to carry out ideological education, institutional self-confidence education and national security education, so as to truly break the "fog" of values and realize ideological "disenchantment" in the whole party and society.

2. Strengthen the construction of political discourse power in international economic competition.

The supreme leader pointed out that "to achieve our development goals, we must be strong not only materially, but also spiritually". [14](P46) It is the long-standing weakness of the discourse system of developing countries and emerging economies and the imbalance of the international discourse power between East and West that makes Western ideology take the lead and be aggressive everywhere, which leads to the passive situation that the "non-Western" world is speechless and easily blamed on the international stage. Therefore, we must make a long-term plan, carefully arrange and fundamentally reverse this unfavorable situation, and grasp the initiative and dominance of the international ideological struggle. In view of the problem of "poverty" in political discourse and insufficient supply of concepts in international communication, we should "create new concepts, new categories and new expressions that are easy to be understood and accepted by the international community", [15] vigorously build a discipline system, academic system and discourse system that can effectively explain the economic success, political development and social progress of developing countries and emerging economies represented by China; Vigorously build a cognitive system, a conceptual system and a knowledge system that can strongly criticize and predict the historical generation, realistic representation and declining trend of western capitalist hegemony headed by the United States; Vigorously build a theoretical paradigm, an analytical paradigm and a dialogue paradigm that can deeply interpret the multi-polarization of the world and the community of human destiny. Although it is difficult to completely change the international discourse pattern of "strong in the west and weak in me" in the short term, as the largest developing country and socialist country in the world,Based on the successful practice of China Road, China System and China Model and the discourse construction based on great samples, telling the story of China well and spreading the picture of "the rule of China" and "the chaos in the West" reflected by China’s voice will help to accelerate the deconstruction and end the hegemony of western discourse. At the same time, it is necessary to further expand the generating space, use scenes and attached carriers in discourse shaping, combine discourse construction with economic trade and commercial propaganda more closely, be good at creating vivid discourse in international economic exchanges, be good at using characteristic discourse in online marketing, brand building and image building, and strive to enhance the attractiveness, appeal and permeability of discourse, continuously expand the coverage of discourse and increase the acceptance of the audience. The political, moral and popular advantages of developing countries and emerging economies on the world stage will be continuously transformed into discourse advantages and public opinion advantages, gradually breaking the "centralized" western discourse hegemony and the selfish definition and exclusive monopoly of political categories such as freedom, democracy and human rights, and effectively solving the problems of "aphasia" and "scolding".

3. Developing countries and emerging economies are engaged in more conscious joint struggle.

The power to end western ideological hegemony will not be automatically generated from within, but will only grow from outside. The decline and dissolution of western ideological hegemony is an irreversible historical process, and the length and acceleration frequency of this process depend on the material basis of the western world and the comparative changes of international forces. Therefore, the vast number of developing countries and emerging economies should break the "western-centric theory" with more firm historical confidence and determination, strive for economic democracy and political democracy through conscious international joint struggle, and establish a more fair and reasonable new international political and economic order. First of all, we should firmly establish a sense of community of human destiny, take the peaceful development of the world and serve the interests of the vast majority of people around the world as our responsibility, and carry out closer international economic cooperation and international political alliance. The supreme leader pointed out that "no country has the power to take charge of international affairs, dominate the fate of other countries and monopolize development advantages". [12] Resolutely oppose unilateralism, isolationism, anti-globalization, de-globalization and beggar-thy-neighbor behavior in getting rid of the common challenges faced by mankind, such as poverty, global warming, public health security and the threat of terrorism. Secondly, developing countries and emerging economies should safeguard their common interests in international trade and earnestly respect and protect each other’s industrial security, economic security and national sovereignty. Establish a United front in the international public opinion struggle, issue a unanimous voice, show a firm attitude, and take a clear-cut stand against the politicization of economic issues, the ideology of science and technology, and the stigma of national image.Strongly respond to the political offensive, public opinion offensive and network offensive of western ideological hegemony, and jointly establish a good international image of actively fighting for the right to subsistence and development. Thirdly, it is necessary to maintain the strategic determination of developing strategic emerging industries for a long time, breaking the technological monopoly of western countries, coordinating industrial development and industrial safety, "taking self-reliance in science and technology as the strategic support for national development", [16] continuing to invest resource elements in the front line of scientific and technological innovation and personnel training, and gradually "filling in" the scientific and technological gap and industrial gap with western developed countries. Improve the discourse power, bargaining power and discretion of developing countries and emerging economies in international economic and trade, continuously reduce the excess profits and transnational exploitation of western developed countries, and finally resolve the western ideological hegemony through technological transcendence, economic transcendence and strength transcendence.

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[11] Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin held a regular press conference on September 15th, 2020 [EB/OL]. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/wjdt_674879/fyrbt_674889/ T1815070. shtml, September 15th, 2020/July 10th, 2021.

[12] Supreme Leader. Speech at the 75th Anniversary Summit of the United Nations [N]. People’s Daily, 2020-09-22(2).

[13] Chen Shuguang. Western hegemony of political discourse: generation and deconstruction [J]. Political Studies, 2020, (6).

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Original title: Scholars’ Views: Beware of Western Ideological Hegemony in International Economic Competition

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