From ＂all-in-one contract＂ to ＂comprehensively deepening reform＂ ｜ 40 groups of keywords in 40 years
Make a life-and-death contract and press the red handprint. Forty years ago, the "all-in-one contract" originated in Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province was like a spring thunder, breaking through the shackles of thought and awakening the sleeping earth.
In April 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Xiaogang Village and came to the courtyard of the "farm house of that year" to learn about the situation that 18 villagers pressed the red handprint and signed the "big contract". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said with emotion: "What was done with one’s life in those years became a thunder of China’s reform and a symbol of China’s reform."
It was from 1978 that the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to start the great reform and opening-up that decided the future and destiny of China. From rural areas to cities, from pilot to popularization, from economic system reform to comprehensive deepening reform, China has embarked on its own modernization road and achieved a great leap from catching up with the times to leading the times.
With a spring thunder, rural reform in China started from here.
"There is no food in the mud room, mud bed and mud pot. I drink thin soup three times a day and go out to escape in the first month." In the 1970s, a Fengyang Huagu Ci truly described the living conditions of farmers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang, Anhui Province.
The poverty-stricken Xiaogang Village was the epitome of China at that time.
Poor thinking changes, and change makes sense.
On the winter night of 1978, 18 villagers in Xiaogang Village gathered at the home of Yan Lihua, a villager, secretly pressed their handprints, and jointly signed a contract for dividing the land and contracting the household.
"At that time, I didn’t eat or wear, and my life depended on begging. It was all forced out. If I didn’t reform, I would only die." Guan Youjiang, one of the leaders of the "big contract", recalled.
Guan Youjiang and others didn’t realize at that time that this small contract adjusted the relations of production, changed the mode of distribution, greatly released the productivity contained in everyone and instigated a big change.
A year later, the "all-in-one contract" brought about real changes, the production team had a bumper harvest, and the annual grain output soared from more than 15 thousand kilograms to more than 60 thousand kilograms. "We have never paid public grain to the country before. In that year, we not only paid it, but also paid off the loan. This is something we never dreamed of."
Xiaogang village’s ice-breaking pioneering work quickly set fire to the whole country. By the end of 1984, more than 99% of the country’s 5.69 million production teams had implemented the household contract responsibility system, and the per capita grain possession reached 800 Jin, basically solving the problem of food and clothing.
Development needs reform, and reform should always talk about innovation. In 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Xiaogang Village for investigation and research. He encouraged everyone to continue to write a new chapter with the poem "Xiongguan Mandao is really like iron, and now it is a step from the beginning". "More look forward to. We must, in accordance with the requirements of the general secretary, set off our sleeves and work hard to create a new reform in our Xiaogang village. " Zhou Qun, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and director of the village committee of Xiaogang Village, said.
From poverty to food and clothing to well-off, Xiaogang Village embodies the changes of rural reform and development in China.
Looking back on the 40-year journey, the pace of agricultural and rural reform in China has never stopped.
From implementing the household contract responsibility system and abolishing the people’s commune system to invigorating the circulation of rural commodities and promoting the transfer of rural labor force; From deepening the reform of agricultural products circulation system and adjusting rural industrial structure to improving rural land management and establishing the integration of urban and rural development; From comprehensively promoting comprehensive rural reform and deepening the innovation of rural system and mechanism to implementing rural revitalization strategy … …
Looking back on the 40-year journey, the rural landscape has undergone earth-shaking changes.
From thatched houses and adobe houses to brick houses and buildings; From a well to a dirt road, water, electricity, roads and networks are all unblocked; From a single grain field to a variety of cash crops cultivated in a scientific greenhouse; From "three big pieces" bicycles, sewing machines and watches to automobiles, air conditioners and refrigerators … …
Looking back on the 40-year journey, farmers’ income has been increasing, and they have been lifted out of poverty and headed for a well-off society.
From 1978 to 2017, the number of rural poor people in China decreased by 740 million, and the average annual poverty reduction population was close to 19 million, and the incidence of rural poverty decreased by 94.4 percentage points.
UN Secretary-General Guterres praised China’s achievements in rural reform. "China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty, and China’s experience can provide useful reference for other developing countries." The World Bank released a report in 2018, saying, "China has achieved ‘ Unprecedented achievements ’ 。”
Relay and forge ahead, deepening the reform of the socialist market economic system.
The people are the practitioners and creators of reform, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the backbone and leader of reform.
In the year when Xiaogang people pressed their handprints, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held in Beijing. The meeting made a historic decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state to economic construction and implement reform and opening up. The spring breeze of reform, which started in rural areas, soon blew to cities and the whole economic field.
"We should be bolder in reform and opening up, and if we are sure, we should boldly try and rush in." "The key is the surname ‘ Capital ’ Still last name ‘ Society ’ The problem. The criterion of judgment should mainly be whether it is conducive to developing the productive forces of socialist society, whether it is conducive to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries, and whether it is conducive to improving people’s living standards. " At the crossroads, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening-up, effectively led China’s reform ship to break the waves and sail to the other side of the light.
"The talk in the South has completely dispelled many people’s doubts and opened the ideological floodgate that people have been imprisoned by the planned economy for a long time." Yuan Xiaojiang, member of the School Committee of the Party School of Shenzhen Municipal Committee, said that as a pilot area of reform and opening up, an important reform in the early days of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was to establish a market price mechanism.
Yuan Xiaojiang was transferred from Hunan to Shenzhen in 1993. At that time, the commodities supplied in the local markets were very limited, and the food was rationed. When he transferred his job, Yuan Xiaojiang got the hukou migration certificate and grain migration certificate in Hunan, but he didn’t find a grain store in Shenzhen until he inquired about it, only to know that the Shenzhen market had been liberalized and there was grain for sale in the shopping malls. He felt that the era of not having enough to eat was over.
The changes in Shenzhen have been staged one after another throughout the country, and the pace of market-oriented reform is forceful.
Establish modern enterprise system, speed up the construction of market system, reform macro-control system, standardize and develop capital market, improve property right system and market-oriented allocation of factors & HELIP; … The CPC Central Committee continues to lead the direction of reform, the socialist market economic system has been continuously improved, and great achievements have been made in economic and social development that have attracted worldwide attention.
Take the initiative to seek the situation and open a new era of comprehensive deepening reform
Reform is the inevitable choice of China’s historical development; Deepening the reform in an all-round way is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has promoted reforms with greater political courage and wisdom, and planned reforms with overall concepts and systematic thinking. From the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the overall arrangement of comprehensively deepening reform, and then to the inclusion of comprehensively deepening reform in the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, the intensity of reform is unprecedented.
"The easy and happy reform has been completed, all the delicious meat has been eaten, and the rest are hard bones." In the new era, the reform has expanded from rural and economic fields to political, social, cultural, ecological civilization, party building, national defense forces and other fields; The reform has entered a critical period and deep water area; The problems we face are numerous and complicated … …
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is far-sighted. "Deepening reform in an all-round way is a complex systematic project, and it is often beyond the reach of one or several departments alone, which requires the establishment of a higher-level leadership mechanism."
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided that the Central Committee should set up a leading group for comprehensive deepening reform, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally served as the leader of the leading group for comprehensive deepening reform. The 18th Central Committee held 38 meetings of the Central Leading Group for Deep Reform, deliberated and adopted 365 important reform documents, identified 357 key reform tasks, and introduced more than 1,500 reform measures.
The deep reorganization itself is also reforming. In March this year, the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was changed to the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform. Some experts pointed out that this reflects the determination and strength of the CPC Central Committee to comprehensively deepen reform, and it is more convenient to promote comprehensive and deepening reform from the institutional mechanism of top-level design.
"To comprehensively deepen reform, we must take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people’s well-being as the starting point and the end result." General secretary of the supreme leader repeatedly stressed.
The needs of the people and the direction of reform.
On the basis of coordinating the integration of urban and rural education and deepening the reform of examination and enrollment system, we will further expand to standardize off-campus training institutions and deepen the reform of preschool education.
On the basis of medical reforms such as graded diagnosis and treatment, separation of medicines, and comprehensive networking of basic medical insurance, we have introduced reform measures such as reforming and improving the incentive mechanism for training and using general practitioners, ensuring the supply of generic drugs and using policies to alleviate the high cost and difficulty of seeing a doctor.
On the basis of vigorously promoting the unified urban and rural household registration system, fully implementing the residence permit system, and comprehensively solving the problem of people without household registration, we will explore the permanent population of rented houses to settle in urban public accounts, and further break the barriers to the free flow of population.
… …
The journey to Wan Lifeng is full of energy, and the heavy responsibility is even more arduous. Over the past 40 years, the spring breeze of reform has awakened the ancient country and brought colorful. In the new era, we will continue to strive for self-improvement and self-innovation, unswervingly deepen reform in an all-round way, open roads on every mountain, bridge bridges when encountering water, dare to open the door to stubborn diseases, dare to break through the barriers of solidification of interests, and carry out reform to the end. (Wu Jing, website of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection)