Notice on printing and distributing the work plan for epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 during the Spring Festival of New Year’s Day in 2022
No.131 [2021] of Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps should respond to the joint prevention and control mechanism of novel coronavirus epidemic (leading group and headquarters), and the State Council should respond to the member units of the joint prevention and control mechanism of novel coronavirus epidemic:

In order to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control during the Spring Festival on New Year’s Day in 2022, the State Council formulated the Work Plan for Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19 during the Spring Festival on New Year’s Day in 2022 in response to the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanisms for novel coronavirus epidemic. With the consent of the State Council’s joint prevention and control mechanism against novel coronavirus epidemic, it is hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly organize the implementation.

The State Council responds to novel coronavirus.Comprehensive group of epidemic prevention and control mechanism
December 7, 2021

(This article has been deleted)

COVID-19 during the Spring Festival on New Year’s Day in 2022Epidemic prevention and control work plan

At present, the global COVID-19 epidemic is still at a high level, and new mutant strains are constantly appearing, so China continues to face greater pressure of epidemic input. During the New Year’s Day and the Spring Festival in 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the "two festivals"), the number of overseas returnees increased, the mobility of domestic personnel increased, the risk of epidemic input and transmission increased, and the prevention and control situation was severe and complicated. Major events such as the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympics will be held in the near future, and the task of epidemic prevention and control is arduous and arduous. In order to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control during the "two festivals", this plan is formulated.

I. General requirements

Adhere to the general strategy of "external defense input, internal defense rebound", adhere to the combination of normalization prevention and control and emergency response, adhere to scientific, accurate and strict epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the source control of epidemic situation, strengthen the safe and orderly flow of personnel, strengthen multi-channel monitoring and early warning, strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key links, strengthen the emergency response capability of epidemic situation, strengthen supervision and inspection, and implement responsibilities, so as to minimize the impact on people’s production and life and ensure that people spend healthy and safe festivals.

Two, strengthen the control of the source of the epidemic, to prevent the import of overseas epidemic.

(1) Strictly do a good job in overseas remote prevention and control. Constantly improve the remote inspection work, strengthen entry and exit control, joint prevention and control in border areas and epidemic prevention cooperation in neighboring countries. Strictly implement the fuse mechanism for flights to China and ship crew shifts. Strengthen the epidemic prevention management of crew members, and refine the on-board epidemic prevention measures such as personal protection of passengers and crew members and control of passenger load factor. Strictly implement the relevant regulations on the killing of inbound aircraft, and can only be used after passing the acceptance. Fully implement the policy of "stopping passengers and goods" and urge cross-border transportation enterprises to implement the requirements of "separation of people and goods and segmented transportation". Freight drivers who really need to enter the country are strictly closed-loop management and are not allowed to contact with domestic personnel.

(2) Strictly implement the closed-loop management of entry personnel and personnel in high-risk positions. Strictly implement the closed-loop management of the whole process from port entry, quarantine, nucleic acid detection, transshipment and diversion, isolated observation to home health monitoring. For high-risk post personnel who come into contact with entry personnel, articles and environment at land, air and water ports, as well as high-risk post personnel in centralized isolation places, designated medical institutions and fever clinics, strict prevention and control requirements such as clear base, fixed personnel, standardized protection, closed loop throughout the whole process, high-frequency nucleic acid detection and health monitoring shall be implemented, and pre-job training shall be done. All relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should take effective measures to ensure that port cities are equipped with closed-loop management forces, ensure that staff have centralized accommodation during their work, and put closed-loop management in place.

(three) strict entry of high-risk goods and port environmental inspection and disinfection. Port cities with a large amount of imported cold chain food should speed up the construction of centralized supervision warehouses, and unify the disinfection and testing of imported cold chain food. Customs, transportation, market supervision, disease control and other departments shall, according to their duties, urge relevant enterprises to implement epidemic prevention and control requirements in all aspects of imported cold chain food, and strengthen Covid-19 monitoring and preventive disinfection of imported high-risk non-cold chain container goods. Preventive disinfection shall be carried out regularly in the terminal building, waiting room, port passenger station environment, airport covered bridges and facilities used by inbound passengers, the surface of high-frequency contact objects of passengers and luggage shall be disinfected more frequently, inbound vehicles shall be disinfected strictly, port vehicles transporting infected persons shall be disinfected strictly at the end, disinfection evaluation shall be carried out in time, and solid and liquid wastes generated by inbound vehicles shall be treated strictly and standardized.

(four) to increase the prevention and control of epidemic situation outside the port. Strictly implement the requirements of the the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism "Notice on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic in Port Cities". From the date when the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) determine the scope of port cities and make an announcement to March 15, 2022, people leaving land border port cities (except those connected with ports in Hong Kong and Macao) must hold negative certificates of nucleic acid testing within 48 hours, and regularly carry out nucleic acid screening for relevant personnel. Strengthen the organization and leadership of port prevention and control, and implement "one port, one special class, one port, one policy". In early December 2021, all port cities should set up special classes for port prevention and control, and the special classes should hold at least one dispatching meeting every week; Conduct a simulated emergency drill before mid-December 2021 to comprehensively test the operation of various emergency preparation and disposal processes. The joint prevention and control mechanism of port cities should send a working group composed of leaders in charge, relevant departments and experts to station in the port for supervision and guidance, ensure the effective implementation of various measures, and firmly guard against the import of port epidemic.

(five) to strengthen the prevention and control of infection in centralized isolation places for entry personnel and medical and health institutions. All relevant places, especially port cities, should further strictly manage the personnel closure, disinfection of articles and environment, health monitoring and nucleic acid detection in places where immigrants are concentrated and isolated, plug loopholes and resolutely prevent cross-infection. For centralized isolation places with suspicious cross-infection, immediately review the flow, comprehensively investigate and evaluate the risks, and recalculate and extend the isolation time for all risk personnel. Strict standards for the release of isolated personnel can be lifted only when three samples of people, things and environment are negative. Supervise and urge the people who have been released from isolation to do personal protection strictly, return to their place of residence through peer-to-peer closed-loop management, and do a good job in home health monitoring for 7 days. Medical and health institutions should strictly control the flow of people and logistics, implement the standard preventive measures for all staff, do a good job in personal protection and health monitoring, strengthen the management of accompanying and visiting, and immediately implement disinfection of environment and equipment after receiving suspicious patients in COVID-19 to prevent cross-infection in medical institutions. In centralized isolation places and medical institutions, infection prevention and control supervisors will be stationed to strengthen the guidance at the stagnation point.

(6) Strictly guard against the import of new mutant strains such as Omicron. All localities and relevant departments should strengthen the research on virus variation and epidemic trend, evaluate the effectiveness of protective measures for all kinds of employees according to the characteristics of virus variation and spread, and improve the prevention and control measures for this industry in the region. All relevant port cities should pay close attention to the detection of mutant strains in neighboring countries and regions, enhance the ability of virus gene sequencing, and dynamically adjust epidemic prevention and control measures. Relevant departments and enterprises should timely evaluate the effectiveness of existing Covid-19 diagnostic reagents, vaccines and drugs, and do a good job in corresponding research and development.

Third, strengthen the safe and orderly flow of personnel

(1) Strict personnel travel requirements.

1. People in medium and high-risk areas and counties (cities, districts and banners) are strictly restricted from traveling.

2. Personnel from other counties (cities, districts and banners) in the city where the medium and high-risk areas are located do not have to travel unless necessary, and if they really need to travel, they must hold a negative certificate of nucleic acid detection within 48 hours.

3. Strictly restrict travel to medium and high-risk areas and counties (cities, districts and banners), and do not travel to other counties (cities, districts and banners) in the cities where medium and high-risk areas are located unless necessary.

4. Personnel in high-risk positions should try to avoid traveling. Those who really need to travel must meet the requirements of being away from their jobs for more than 14 days and holding negative proof of nucleic acid detection within 48 hours, and report to their units.

5. Strictly implement the "fuse" mechanism for the management of inter-provincial tourism business activities. For provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) with medium and high-risk areas, travel agencies and online travel enterprises are immediately suspended from operating inter-provincial team tours and "air tickets+hotels" business in the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government). Travel agencies and online travel companies are suspended from operating team tours and "air ticket+hotel" business in land border port cities, and land border port cities should promptly release free travel risk warnings to the society.

6. Fever patients, health code "yellow code" and other personnel should fulfill their personal protection responsibilities, actively cooperate with health monitoring and nucleic acid detection, and do not travel before the risk of infection is ruled out.

7. Optimize and adjust the school’s winter vacation time, arrange the spring semester to start and return to school at different peaks, and do a good job in the management of students staying in school during the "two festivals". Reasonably adjust the time for enterprises to take holidays and return to work, and guide migrant workers to return to their hometowns at peak hours. Colleges and universities or enterprises with more migrant workers may require students or migrant workers to return to school or work with negative nucleic acid test certificates within 48 hours.

The above travel requirements are aimed at cross-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) flows, and the travel requirements within the jurisdiction of each province (autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government) are formulated and released by all localities according to the local epidemic situation and actual situation.

(two) to strengthen the prevention and control of Spring Festival travel rush epidemic. Transportation units should co-ordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and the organization and guarantee of Spring Festival travel rush, distinguish different situations of epidemic situation, formulate prevention and control plans and classified response plans, and strengthen training exercises. Transportation stations should increase the number of open pit stops and security inspection channels in time according to the passenger flow demand, and do a good job in scanning or checking the passenger’s temperature detection and health code in strict accordance with the regulations; Strengthen the passenger flow organization in the station and guide passengers to wait in an orderly manner; Increase the reserve of masks and disinfectant, and make it convenient for passengers to buy and use them at eye-catching locations such as entrances and exits. Increase the frequency of measures such as ventilation and disinfection in transportation stations and vehicles. Strictly control the passenger load rate of high-speed rail, trains, long-distance passenger cars and passenger ships, reduce the gathering and walking of people in vehicles, remind passengers to keep a safe distance, and do personal protection such as wearing masks and hand disinfection. Strengthen the health monitoring and management of employees in tourism, transportation, catering and other industries, and supervise and guide personal protection during the work.

(3) Strengthen the investigation of key returnees. In rural areas and urban communities, it is necessary to do a good job of arranging and grid management for key returnees in counties (cities, districts and banners) where high-risk areas are located, high-risk posts at ports, and high-risk posts in centralized isolation places, designated medical institutions and fever clinics within 14 days. Relevant personnel should do a good job of health monitoring after returning home, and do not go out or gather unless necessary.

Fourth, strengthen multi-channel monitoring and early warning

(1) Strict responsibility system for pre-screening, triage and first diagnosis. Further strengthen the "sentinel" role of fever clinics and strictly implement the closed-loop management requirements for fever patients. All patients with fever are tested for nucleic acid, and the results of nucleic acid test are fed back within 4-6 hours, and all the results are observed before feedback. Encourage medical institutions to be equipped with rapid nucleic acid detection equipment to reduce the waiting time of fever patients and reduce the risk of cross-infection. Medical institutions at all levels should strictly implement the responsibility system for the first diagnosis, and strictly manage suspicious cases in a closed loop. Medical institutions that do not have the conditions for diagnosis and treatment may not routinely diagnose and treat patients with suspicious symptoms in COVID-19.

(2) Establish an early warning mechanism for risk assessment of nucleic acid detection results. Comprehensively and dynamically collect and monitor the nucleic acid detection information of imported articles, inbound truck drivers, inbound crew, port employees and inbound passengers in port areas, build and improve the nucleic acid detection database, and strengthen data sharing. When there is a significant increase in the positive rate of nucleic acid detection for drivers of inbound trucks and imported goods at land ports (passages), or when there is a positive rate of nucleic acid detection for passengers on inbound flights, the port prevention and control special class will immediately start the risk assessment and judgment mechanism, actively carry out intensive monitoring on relevant personnel, and timely investigate local infection hidden dangers.

(3) Improve the multi-point trigger monitoring and early warning mechanism. Do a good job in health monitoring of employees in port areas, centralized isolation places, designated medical institutions and other related key places, collect multi-channel early warning information from key places such as pharmacies, educational institutions, primary medical institutions, farmers’ markets and online media, and improve the timeliness of information judgment and early warning response. Local joint prevention and control mechanisms should organize weekly analysis and judgment of monitoring information, assess the risk of epidemic spread, and dynamically adjust prevention and control measures.

V. Strengthening epidemic prevention and control in key links

(1) Strictly control aggregation activities. In accordance with the principle of not holding unless necessary, strictly control temple fairs, large-scale cultural performances, exhibitions and promotions, reduce the scale and frequency of rural fairs, control the flow of people, and implement prevention and control measures such as ventilation and disinfection. Hold meetings, parties and other activities should control the number of people, try to hold online meetings or video conferences, and formulate prevention and control plans for activities with more than 50 people, and strictly implement various prevention and control measures. Promote frugality, try not to hold large-scale people gathering activities, advocate family dinners and gatherings with no more than 10 people, and advocate "delayed weddings, simple funerals, no banquets". If it is really necessary, the scale of activities should be reduced as much as possible. Catering units that undertake dinner activities such as banquets with more than five tables must strictly do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, ensure that diners enter the dining place after implementing measures such as code scanning, on-site temperature measurement and wearing masks, and do a good job in ventilation and disinfection of restaurants; Individuals who hold dinner activities such as banquets with more than 5 tables by themselves must report to the local community neighborhood committees or village committees to implement the provisions on prevention and control of local epidemics. Avoid holding large-scale personnel gathering activities in towns and villages that arrive at the border.

(two) to strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic situation in tourist attractions and public venues. Tourist attractions, theaters, entertainment venues and other public venues should implement the requirements of "quota, reservation and peak shift", control the upper limit of personnel reception, implement the ticket reservation system, timely divert passenger flow, and do a good job in health monitoring and management of employees. The classification of tourist attractions should improve the emergency plan and do a good job in cleaning, disinfection and public health. Strengthen the work of drinking water, food and environmental sanitation in tourist attractions, ensure the normal travel activities of the masses, and minimize the risk of epidemic spread.

(3) Strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key units and places. Do a good job in the normal prevention and control of key units such as shopping malls, supermarkets, farmers’ markets, hotels, restaurants, homestays, schools, construction sites, factory workshops, pension welfare institutions and supervision places, urge the implementation of Covid-19’s vaccine vaccination, strengthen health monitoring and nucleic acid sampling, and implement the system of "daily report" and "zero report". Staff and visitors should wear masks and take measures such as detecting body temperature and checking health code to avoid cluster epidemic in the workplace. Implement the responsibility of prevention and control of catering units, keep epidemic prevention supplies, wear masks for employees, strictly scan the code for temperature measurement, and advocate controlling the number of diners and the distance between meals.

(4) Strengthen personal protection. Carry out popular science propaganda through multiple channels, educate and guide the public to strengthen self-protection, and wear masks in closed places such as public transport, elevators and outdoor places where people gather. Pay attention to wash your hands frequently, cover up when coughing or sneezing, and keep a social distance of more than 1 meter. Indoor windows are often opened for ventilation to keep the air circulating. People aged 60 and above and patients with severe chronic diseases should try to reduce going to crowd gathering places.

(5) Actively promote vaccination. Accelerate the vaccination of Covid-19 vaccine to strengthen the needle, the key population should be connected, and ensure that people in need of vaccination can get the vaccination service in time. Actively and steadily carry out vaccination for people aged 3-11 without taboos, and do a good job in vaccination for the elderly aged 60 and over.

Six, strengthen the ability of emergency response to the epidemic.

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. All localities should clarify the "four-party responsibility" of territories, departments, units and individuals, strengthen the responsibility system for epidemic prevention and control, and make overall plans for epidemic disposal and people’s livelihood security. The joint prevention and control mechanism at all levels is always activated, and all work classes are kept on duty 24 hours a day. All relevant border provinces and port cities should further strengthen communication and coordination with foreign countries according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, establish a multi-level joint prevention and control mechanism, and strengthen cooperation in information sharing, measures docking and emergency response. Departments in charge of various industries should carry out guidance and supervision duties, and supervise and manage the implementation of prevention and control measures in this industry according to laws and regulations. All enterprises and institutions should implement the main responsibility and strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control regulations. It is necessary to strengthen publicity and guidance to promote individuals and families to consciously implement epidemic prevention and control measures.

(2) Prepare personnel and materials. All localities should designate hospitals with strong comprehensive ability, high treatment level and good foundation for infection prevention and control as designated treatment hospitals. Strengthen the reserve of nucleic acid detection capacity, the areas and grass-roots units where ports and land border crossings are located should strengthen the reserve of mobile nucleic acid detection equipment and the allocation of detection power, and rely on existing resources to speed up the construction of nucleic acid detection information systems. Rebuild and reserve a number of centralized isolation places that meet the requirements and establish a list of standby centralized isolation places. Strengthen the training and drills of teams such as flow adjustment, nucleic acid detection, treatment, community management and supervision, and make good arrangements for standby. Reasonably determine the list of epidemic prevention materials and establish a storage rotation system. All relevant departments in all localities should carry out in-depth and meticulous training on the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation, carry out drills on epidemic situation disposal as soon as possible, compact responsibilities, timely check and fill shortcomings, and focus on solving the "last mile" problem of implementing prevention and control measures.

(3) Strengthen the speed of emergency response. Once a local cluster epidemic occurs, it is necessary to strictly implement the "Guidelines for the Disposal of Cluster Epidemic in COVID-19 (Revised Edition)" and the requirements of the emergency response plan for cluster epidemic, immediately start the emergency command system, quickly implement the upgraded command and flat operation, make decisions at the provincial level, and implement them at the city and county levels. Responsible comrades of relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and health departments led a team to direct the disposal. In principle, medium and high-risk areas were designated within 5 hours after the diagnosis of infected people, and they were released to the public, striving to implement relevant emergency measures within 24 hours, strictly limiting the flow of risk personnel, preventing the cross-regional spread of the epidemic and controlling the epidemic as quickly as possible. All localities should use information technology to improve the level of accurate prevention and control, and improve the timeliness and accuracy of epidemic prevention and control and risk personnel investigation.

Seven, strengthen supervision and inspection and responsibility implementation.

(a) to carry out special supervision at the national level. During the "Two Festivals" period, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council sent a special inspection team to prevent the import of overseas epidemic situation, focusing on land, water, air ports and border crossings, centralized isolation places, international navigation ship repair shops, imported cold chain enterprises, centralized supervision warehouses and other places with high risk of epidemic situation import, focusing on unannounced visits, unblocking complaint reporting channels, checking the implementation of prevention and control measures, especially weak links, and promptly feeding back to relevant places and urging the establishment of reforms. If the rectification is not timely or in place, it should be notified to the whole country, and the relevant personnel should be held accountable according to the law. It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control work in port areas bordering neighboring countries with serious epidemics and port areas where local epidemics have occurred many times, and carry out "looking back" when necessary. All localities should investigate the responsibilities of relevant individuals, managers and leading cadres in accordance with laws and regulations in response to epidemic-related violations.

(two) to urge all localities to carry out self-examination. All localities should carry out a comprehensive self-examination of epidemic prevention and control work, adhere to the combination of clear investigation and unannounced visits, carefully find out the risk points and weak links of prevention and control, and fill short-board loopholes in time. The problems found in the inspection should be urged to be rectified and implemented by relevant parties. For typical problems, we should inform them, use the case as a warning, draw inferences from others and learn lessons. For units with many problems, it is necessary to supervise and urge the rectification to be in place.

(3) Strengthen daily supervision and law enforcement inspection. Departments in charge of health, market supervision, cultural tourism and other industries should strengthen daily supervision and law enforcement inspection, focusing on the implementation of laws and regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases and related policies and regulations. Highlight public places, catering units, medical institutions, schools and other key units, and supervise and inspect the implementation of national health standards and prevention and control measures for hotels and other accommodation places, theaters and other closed places, shopping malls and other places where people flow intensively.

Do a good job in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in the capital and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics. Adhere to the comprehensive integration and integration of the epidemic prevention and control of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games with the epidemic prevention and control of the host city. We will implement the overall epidemic prevention and control plan for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games, the epidemic prevention and control plan for the opening and closing ceremonies, venues, audience organizations and other fields, the epidemic prevention manual, and various prevention and control measures issued by the joint prevention and control coordination mechanism for the strict management of the capital in Beijing, and check the table, check the leaks and fill the gaps to ensure foolproof. Scientifically implement prevention and control strategies such as zoning and classification, closed-loop management, adhere to the same inspection and prevention of people, things and environment, implement strict closed-loop management for overseas personnel throughout the process, do a good job in audience organization and epidemic prevention and control, and strictly implement measures such as wearing masks, gathering less, preventing and controlling epidemics without overlapping zoning and routes of different people.

The implementation time of this scheme is from the date of issuance to March 15, 2022. The measures in this plan are based on the current overall stable epidemic situation. If there is a large-scale local cluster epidemic and there is a risk of spread in different places, stricter measures should be taken on the cross-regional mobility of personnel and the investigation of risk personnel on the basis of emergency handling of the epidemic.

In order to fully implement the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics Production and Operation, strengthen the supervision and administration of online sales of cosmetics, and severely crack down on the illegal sales of cosmetics through the Internet, National Medical Products Administration has launched a special campaign of "cleaning up cosmetics online and offline" since October 2021.

　　The main objectives of the action are:

　　Focus on rectifying outstanding problems in online sales, strengthen the main responsibility of cosmetics e-commerce operators, and standardize the market order of online sales of cosmetics.

　　The three major priorities of the action are:

　　First, clean up and rectify unregistered or undocumented cosmetics: cosmetics that have not been registered or filed, fraudulently used other people’s registration certificates, and have requested to stop operating.

　　Second, clean up and rectify cosmetics illegally declared on labels: including labels that are inconsistent with registration or filing materials, false or misleading, explicitly suggesting medical functions, and illegally claiming cosmeceuticals, stem cells, brush acid and medical skin care products.

　　Third, clean up and rectify cosmetics with quality and safety risks: including cosmetics illegally added, produced by using prohibited raw materials, and produced by using restricted components beyond the scope or limit, with emphasis on children’s cosmetics and freckle-removing and whitening cosmetics.

　　Clear the source under the online net line to ensure the safety of public makeup!

　　Notice of National Medical Products Administration Municipality on Launching the Special Action of "Clearing the Source under the Net Line" for Cosmetics

　　No.47 [2021] of State Drug Administration

　　Drug administrations of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and drug administrations of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

　　In order to fully implement the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics Production and Operation (hereinafter referred to as the Measures), strengthen the supervision and management of online sales of cosmetics, and severely crack down on the use of online sales of illegal cosmetics, on the basis of the first phase of the special action of "cleaning up the source online and offline" of cosmetics, National Medical Products Administration decided to conduct a nationwide campaign again from October 2021 to October 2022. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Work objectives

　　Taking the formal implementation of the Measures as an opportunity, we will comprehensively self-examine and centrally rectify the outstanding problems existing in online sales of cosmetics, strengthen the main responsibility of cosmetics e-commerce operators, promote the effective implementation of the provisions of the Measures on online sales of cosmetics, standardize the market order of online sales of cosmetics, and ensure the safety of public use of cosmetics.

　　Second, the focus of work

　　(1) Cleaning up and rectifying cosmetics that have not been registered or filed.

　　Focus on the registration and filing of cosmetics sold by cosmetics e-commerce operators, and clean up and rectify unregistered special cosmetics, unregistered ordinary cosmetics, cosmetics that fraudulently use other people’s cosmetics registration certificates, and cosmetics that have been notified by the national or provincial drug supervision and administration departments to suspend or stop business.

　　(2) Cleaning up and rectifying cosmetics illegally declared by labels.

　　Focus on checking whether the information such as cosmetic product labels displayed by cosmetic operators on the main page of their business activities in the e-commerce platform is comprehensive, true and accurate and consistent with cosmetic registration or filing materials, and clean up and rectify cosmetics that contain false or misleading contents, express or imply medical functions, and illegally claim cosmeceuticals, stem cells, brush acid and medical skin care products.

　　(3) Cleaning up and rectifying cosmetics with quality and safety risks.

　　Focus on the quality and safety of cosmetics sold by cosmetics e-commerce operators, clean up and rectify cosmetics illegally added with substances that may endanger human health, cosmetics produced with prohibited raw materials, cosmetics produced with restricted components beyond the scope or beyond the limit, and focus on children’s cosmetics, freckle-removing and whitening cosmetics, etc.

　　Third, the work content

　　This special action highlights the problem orientation and strengthens the investigation and punishment of illegal acts according to law. It is divided into three stages: work deployment and self-examination and rectification, special inspection and work summary.

　　(1) Work deployment and self-examination and rectification stage (October 2021 to February 2022)

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should combine the actual research and deployment of special actions in the region, formulate detailed work plans, clarify inspection plans and inspection requirements, and decompose and implement regulatory responsibilities.

　　According to the focus of this special action, organize cosmetics e-commerce operators in their administrative areas to carry out comprehensive self-examination and take timely rectification measures for problems found in the self-examination stage. First, strengthen the training of laws and regulations for cosmetics e-commerce operators, publicize the new regulations and requirements of cosmetics online sales supervision and management in time, and improve the legal awareness and responsibility awareness of cosmetics e-commerce operators. The second is to urge the operators of cosmetics e-commerce platforms within their administrative areas to fulfill their management responsibilities within the platforms according to law, self-check the establishment of cosmetics quality management institutions or full-time and part-time personnel, and fulfill their obligations such as real-name registration, establishment of management systems, and suppression and reporting of illegal acts. The third is to urge the operators of cosmetics e-commerce platforms within their administrative areas to carry out centralized inspections on the cosmetics sold in their platforms. The operators of cosmetics e-commerce platforms should take necessary measures such as deleting, shielding and disconnecting links in accordance with the law or in accordance with the platform service agreement and trading rules, and report to the drug supervision and administration of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) where the platforms are located. At the same time, the relevant verification clues will be handed over to the drug supervision and administration departments of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) where the operators actually operate in the platform (see Annex 2 for handover requirements).The fourth is to urge the cosmetics operators in the platform to fully, truly and accurately disclose information such as cosmetics labels consistent with the registered or filed materials of the cosmetics they operate on the main page of their business activities, and fulfill their obligations such as incoming inspection records.

　　(two) special inspection stage (March 2022 to September 2022)

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should make overall coordination and overall deployment, and organize special inspections in light of regional conditions. First, in view of the key rectification problems of this special action, the drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) carried out supervision and inspection on the cosmetics e-commerce operators within their respective administrative areas. The problems found in supervision and inspection and the verification clues found in the self-examination and rectification stage should be traced back to the source, and the registrants, filers, entrusted production enterprises and operators involved in illegal cosmetics should be investigated and dealt with according to law. Second, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) where the cosmetics e-commerce platform operators are located should strengthen the supervision and inspection of the cosmetics e-commerce platform operators, focusing on the performance of their management responsibilities for the cosmetics operators in the platform, and investigate and deal with the cosmetics e-commerce platform operators who violate the provisions of the Regulations and Measures according to law. The third is to encourage the departments responsible for drug supervision and management to use technical means to carry out network monitoring, improve the pertinence and targeting of special actions through data retrieval and big data screening, and investigate and deal with illegal clues found in network monitoring according to law, involving cross-regional verification, and timely transfer verification clues. Fourth, according to the development of special actions and actual needs, combined with national and provincial cosmetics supervision and sampling work, network sampling inspection was carried out on key products.

　　(3) Work summary stage (October 2022)

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall timely summarize the work of special actions, fill in relevant statistical tables, sort out the existing problems, summarize the experience and practices of special actions, and submit the summary of special actions as required.

　　Fourth, the job requirements

　　(A) improve the political stance

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should attach great importance to the special action of "clearing the source of cosmetics online and offline", strictly implement the responsibility of territorial supervision, clarify the person in charge, comprehensively strengthen the supervision of cosmetics e-commerce platform operators and cosmetics operators in the platform within their respective administrative areas according to their duties, supervise the cosmetics e-commerce platform operators to implement their management responsibilities, and supervise the cosmetics operators in the platform to implement their main responsibilities. The cosmetics e-commerce operators who violate the law seriously are listed as key regulatory targets, and supervision, inspection and sampling inspection are intensified, and their legal representatives or principal responsible persons are interviewed when necessary.

　　(2) Strengthen the investigation and punishment of illegal acts.

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall, in accordance with the "four strictest" requirements, promptly investigate and deal with the illegal clues of online sales of cosmetics discovered by special actions, and impose penalties on illegal acts in strict accordance with the Regulations and Measures. It is necessary to seriously investigate and deal with a number of typical cases, increase exposure and play a deterrent role.

　　(3) Strengthen departmental cooperation and the convergence of execution.

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should strengthen the coordination and supervision between departments, and transfer those involved in false propaganda and illegal advertisements on the Internet to the market supervision department according to law; For enterprises that cannot get in touch, timely notify the market supervision department and list them in the abnormal list according to law; Those suspected of committing crimes shall be transferred to public security organs according to law.

　　The drug supervision and administration departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should strengthen the organization and deployment of special actions, summarize and analyze the work in all stages of special actions in a timely manner, sort out the existing problems and report the work to the National Medical Products Administration Cosmetics Supervision Department in a timely manner. Please submit the liaison information of this special action before October 20, 2021 (see Annex 3); Submit the summary of the work in the self-inspection and rectification stage and the statistical table of the self-inspection and rectification stage of the special action of "cleaning up the source under the net line online" for cosmetics before March 31, 2022 (see Annex 4); Submit the summary of the special action and the statistical table of the supervision and inspection of the special action of "cleaning the source online and offline" of cosmetics before October 30, 2022 (see Annex 5); The electronic version of relevant materials is also sent to the e-mail address of hzpjgc@nmpa.gov.cn.

　　1 cosmetic e-commerce platform illegal behavior stop report form

　　2. Cosmetics e-commerce platform verification clue transfer table

　　3 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) drug supervision and management departments special action liaison information table.

　　4. Statistics on the self-examination stage of the special action of cosmetics "cleaning up the source under the net line online"

　　5. Statistics on the supervision and inspection of the special action of cosmetics "cleaning up the source under the net line online"

　　National Medical Products Administration

　　October 9, 2021

　　Image Network Zhumadian News (Reporter Yang Xiao Special Photography Zhang Aiwu (Wild Cat))In January 2008, the Ministry of Culture of People’s Republic of China (PRC) announced the national intangible cultural heritage list, and Queshan Tiehua was among them. Queshan Tiehua, also known as "Tiehua", is a traditional folk fireworks spread in Queshan County and its surrounding areas in Henan Province. In the 1950s and early 1960s, there were two "Tiehua" parties in the county town, which were interrupted for more than 20 years. In 1988, after improvement, Queshan County once again held a "fireworks party" under Boshan Lake. This long-lost traditional folk fireworks, with its thrilling grandeur, made the audience clap their hands and exclaim. At that time, when the media reported this grand occasion, they called it "the wonderful culture of the Central Plains and the best folk fireworks".

offer sacrifices to ancestors

Waste pig iron is put into a small steelmaking furnace to smelt molten iron.

Inject molten iron into that groove of the willow stick

Hit the willow stick, and the molten iron will turn into iron flower and spray out.

　　There is a magical legend about "Queshan Tiehua": A long time ago, there was a severe drought in southern Henan. In order to relieve the drought, everyone volunteered to donate money to build a temple and cast a big clock in the temple. Each family brought their own ironware to the field, and the blacksmiths melted it into iron juice. At this moment, a group of crows flew in. They croaked in the trees and couldn’t get rid of them. At this moment, an old man came out of the crowd. He picked up two willow trees from the ground, dipped them in some molten iron juice, and hit them up. The iron juice splashed a golden spark more than ten meters high, shining the sky like fireworks, and the crows were frightened and flew away. When everyone was amazed at this sudden wonder, the old man had disappeared. This beautiful and magical legend proves that Queshan Tiehua has a long history. Queshan Tiehua originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has a history of more than a thousand years. It is true that the earliest activities are full of Taoist colors and industry characteristics. In the Song Dynasty, Taoism was advocated. The old Leshan in Queshan County was once a holy place of Taoism, and it was called the three Taoist mountains in the Central Plains together with Wudang Mountain in Hubei and Tongshan Mountain in Biyang (Wudang Mountain is called Jinding Mountain, Tongshan Mountain is called Tongding Mountain, and Leshan Mountain is called Tieding Mountain). Taoist temples are all over the county, and there is only one Leshan, which is called "Eight Gong Er Views and One Worship to Taiwan". The five craftsmen of gold, silver, copper, iron and tin in the society, together with Taoist priests, worship a founder, the "Tai Shang Lao Jun". Therefore, craftsmen and Taoist priests can be described as brothers and sisters.

　　　　　　 Cctv newsAccording to the latest statistics of the National Cancer Center, the first malignant tumor death in China is lung cancer, with about 626,000 deaths per year, followed by liver cancer, stomach cancer and esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer ranks the fourth among the causes of death of malignant tumors in China. China is one of the regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer in the world. The onset age is mostly over 40 years old, mainly male.

　　　　　　 Statistics show that esophageal cancer ranks fourth among the causes of death of malignant tumors in China. There are 572,000 cases of esophageal cancer and 508,000 deaths worldwide every year. There are 307,000 cases of esophageal cancer and 283,000 deaths in China every year. The incidence and death of esophageal cancer in China account for about half of the world.

　　　　　　 He Jie, Dean of Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences, said that the typical symptoms of esophageal cancer are progressive dysphagia. First, it is difficult to swallow dry food, then semi-liquid food, and finally water and saliva can’t be swallowed. Its throat discomfort is mainly dryness, itching and burning sensation.

　　　　　　 Patients with high genetic risk of esophageal cancer have regular gastroscopy.

　　　　　　 Experts emphasize that esophageal cancer has certain heredity. The incidence of esophageal cancer often shows the phenomenon of familial aggregation, and many people with paternal positive family history, middle-aged and elderly people, patients with chronic esophagitis, people with family history of esophageal cancer, long-term bad eating habits, frequent smoking and drinking, and people who often eat pickled and smoked food are all high-risk groups of esophageal cancer.

　　　　　　 He Jie said that high-risk groups should have regular gastroscopy, usually once a year.

　　　　　　 Early intervention of esophageal cancer has high cure rate and survival rate.

　　　　　　 Experts point out that the cure rate and survival rate of esophageal cancer are quite high in early intervention treatment. At present, iodine staining of gastroscope is the standard scheme for screening and early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Early esophageal cancer can survive for a long time and have a high quality of life after endoscopic resection. In life, everyone should pay attention to not eating hot food, eating less pickled food, moldy food and other foods with high nitrite content, not drinking spirits, quitting smoking and so on.

In Spring Festival travel rush in 1992, migrant workers flooded into Guangdong. Ye Jianqiang

　　Some people say that the first generation of migrant workers are like the "third generation" college students who just resumed the college entrance examination. Although they are very different in age, they are unique among the migrant workers. Today, more than 20 years later, where are they "falling"?

　　Who is the first generation of migrant workers?

　　According to the idea in advance: the first generation of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta should have worked in the Pearl River Delta in the early 1980s, so the reporter found Tan Zhiqiang, director of the Economic and Trade Office of Humen Town, Dongguan City. He was puzzled: I can’t find it, but there was one in the early 1990s!

　　Faced with the same problem, Tang Zhiping, a former director of Taiping Handbag Factory, thought for a long time: after the factory was established in 1978, it was almost all Humen people in the factory. Only around 1986, due to the expansion of the factory’s business and insufficient manpower, they recruited some migrant workers in Jiangxi. By the time he left the factory in 1990, there were only more than 100 migrant workers, but three years later, Taiping Factory was basically migrant workers.

　　After 1990, the name of "migrant workers" instead of "migrant workers" became popular in the media, and "migrant workers’ tide", "Spring Festival travel rush" and "public security" became a big problem in the Pearl River Delta and even the whole country. Tan Zhiqiang said that in fact, the first generation of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta should be the group of farmers who came out of (most of) rural areas in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong in the 1980s and worked in Shekou, Shenzhen and Shanhaiguan, Shenzhen.

　　Tan Zhiqiang said that among the existing 1 million migrant workers in Humen Town, the post-80s account for the vast majority. If they are counted as the second generation of migrant workers, then the post-60s and post-70s are the first generation in the last century, while the post-70s account for the majority of the migrant workers in the early 1990s.

　　Where will the first generation of migrant workers go?

　　Since 2001, every year on May 12th, Lao Liang always got together with 50 workers from Gushi County, Henan Province to Dongguan on May 12th, 1991. "I have never been here, and now there are fewer and fewer." Lao Liang, who is still working hard in Dongguan, said that of those 50 people, it is estimated that 30% started their own businesses, 30% stayed in the enterprise and the rest went home.

　　Cheng Xiaolei, who came in the same car as Lao Liang, is now an executive of a certain enterprise. He said that although the majority of migrant workers in their generation went home, very few really returned to the farmland to do farm work, and most of them opened stores and started businesses at home, and most of them moved to county towns or towns to build houses and became urban people.

　　Yijin first opened his own shoe factory in Houjie, Dongguan, and returned to his hometown Gushi County a few years ago to open three shoe factories. As the country’s most populous county, the vast majority of investment in Gushi County is made by migrant workers in the county who go home to start businesses, and they also "match the bridge". Before the Spring Festival every year, the main leaders of the county will personally go to Dongguan and Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta to entertain the "hometown elders". It is said that most of the banquets are the first generation of migrant workers.

　　Last year, after the implementation of the new Labor Contract Law, Lao Peng of Chongqing ended his 16-year working career in Dongguan. Although the boss closed the factory and gave him tens of thousands of yuan in length of service compensation, he was still reluctant to part. It is said that in the past year or so, among the thousands of factories that moved and closed down in the Pearl River Delta, most of them really went home.

　　When two generations of migrant workers meet

　　Most of the first generation of migrant workers who stay in the Pearl River Delta today have become managers. When they met the second generation of migrant workers, they were somewhat puzzled.

　　In the interview, most entrepreneurs of the first generation of migrant workers are talking about the current enterprise management, and the first one is that workers are difficult to manage. Cheng Xiaolei said that when they first entered the factory, they wanted military training to do morning exercises, but now workers think that doing exercises is after work, and they don’t count working hours and don’t pay wages. This is disrespect for employees’ freedom, so they complained to brand customers. Now the factory simply canceled doing exercises and military training.

　　Cheng Xiaolei is the person in charge of personnel training in a large Taiwan-funded shoe factory. He said that the first generation of migrant workers were born and raised in the countryside and went to the city for survival; Although the "post-80 s" grew up in the countryside, most of their parents worked in the city, and they had no worries about food and clothing at home, and they developed an independent personality from an early age; The "post-90 s" were born in the city and studied in the city. They are all urbanites with registered permanent residence in the countryside! Up to now, will the three generations of migrant workers be the same?

　　And Lao Liang’s conclusion is: at that time, we were waiting for three people in one position, but now we are waiting for one person in two positions; In the past, it was a "tide of migrant workers", but now it is a "shortage of migrant workers"-the job market has changed!

　　Three first-generation workers

　　Most of the first generation of migrant workers have taken a curtain call to the south and returned to their hometown. However, talking to the left-behind among them is not only about recalling the past, but also about thinking and precipitating the experience of the first generation of migrant workers, because the second and even third generation of migrant workers are still moving south.

　　The trip of the former is the teacher of the latter.

　　A, from migrant workers to foreign executives

　　Li Xingguo, 40, came to a shoe factory in Dongguan from his hometown 17 years ago. "At that time, we had to pass the exam when we entered the factory." Because of his hard work, Li Xingguo was elected as a reserve cadre.

　　Li Xingguo has never changed his company, from a wage earner to a workshop leader and workshop director. In 2003, he was sent to Vietnam and Indonesia by the company to take charge of the management of the new factory, and he has become a veritable international corporate executive.

　　"There are many better opportunities and temptations, but I can’t bear to give up. This is also a typical feature of our generation of migrant workers, loyal and responsible. "

　　Li Xingguo said that when he works in China, he works for the sake of work. When I came abroad, I felt more responsible: because I am a foreign company, I often have to consider the image problem. "This is also the strength of the second generation of migrant workers in China."

　　B, I work for myself

　　In April 1991, a Taiwan-funded shoe factory went to Gushi County, Henan Province to recruit workers. More than 3,000 people signed up and only 50 people were recruited. Lao Liang took the fifth place.

　　Lao Liang did a good job in the factory, from the official to the workshop director. But in 1996, after arguing and fighting with a Taiwan Province executive, he resigned.

　　At the end of 1998, in Wushi Industrial Zone, sanxiang town, Zhongshan, near Baoyuan Shoes Factory, Lao Liang set up a night market stall selling stewed vegetables. I earned hundreds of thousands in a year and a half.

　　However, the trees attracted the wind, and there was no license to set up a stall. Soon, Lao Liang’s pot-stewed vegetable stall closed. At this time, Lao Liang took a photo of a dozen acres of open space in the town and opened an open-air barbecue. The business was very hot, but it was closed again because of incomplete procedures.

　　In 2000, Lao Liang contracted a 250-square-meter pavement to open a restaurant. This time, the business procedures were complete and the monthly profit was more than 20,000. Lao Liang earned his first bucket of gold.

　　In 2003, Lao Liang registered another company specializing in logistics and automobile service. A year later, the number of vehicles under his name reached several hundred. He closed the hotel and began to focus on the company’s business.

　　Speaking of the change from wage earners to bosses over the past ten years, Lao Liang felt: working is not as good as serving wage earners!

　　C, "persistence" makes migrant girls worth more than 100 million.

　　In July 1989, 16-year-old Wang Xinhuai took advantage of his mother’s travel expenses from selling soybeans and came to Dongguan with 100 fellow villagers from Henan to start working.

　　Two meals a day, 13 hours’ work, four months later, the sisters who came with them walked most of the time, and arel persisted. At the end of the year, 800 yuan, which she sent home, propped up three tile houses at home.

　　Three years later, arel jumped to another toy factory and became the group leader. In the toy factory, she learned the secret of order processing.

　　"Being a working girl for a lifetime is definitely impossible." Arel, who knows this well, rented a factory and started a simple processing after working as a working girl for eight years. "At that time, Dongguan was full of factories. As long as there was a little personal connection, many people chose to do it themselves, and it was not difficult to earn money." Arel’s business is getting bigger and bigger, and now he is already a boss with a net worth of over 100 million yuan. She said that in the past, I worked for Taiwanese businessmen and Hong Kong businessmen, but now we invite Taiwan Province people and Hong Kong people to help us manage our enterprises, and I, a working girl, will also go global.

A few days ago, some netizens photographed the spy photos of a large SUV owned by AITO Wenjie. It is speculated that the car may be the M8 of Wenjie, and the car will be officially unveiled at the end of this year. Earlier, it was reported that the nine-seater M9 would launch a five-seater model, and the vehicle in the spy photos might also be the five-seater M9.

　　Looking at spy photos, the overall shape of the new car is basically the same as that of the M9, and it also adopts the shape, size and design of large SUVs. The M9′ s iconic through taillight and plump and rounded tail shape have been continued, and the roof and rear enclosure are covered with camouflage materials. It is still uncertain whether a new shape will be adopted.

　　In terms of power and configuration, its overall price is definitely lower than that of the M9 model, which is essential for Huawei’s driver assistance system and related intelligent configuration, and may not be as rich as the M9 model in terms of comfort configuration. We will continue to pay attention to more news about the new car. (Source: Ju Electrician Society)

Disclaimer: This article is transferred from the Internet, only representing the author’s personal views, and has nothing to do with AsiaInfo. Its originality and the words and contents stated in this article (including the copyright of pictures) have not been confirmed by this website, and this website does not make any guarantee or commitment to the authenticity, completeness and timeliness of this article and all or part of its contents and words. Readers are invited to make reference only, and please verify the relevant contents by yourself. This site does not bear the direct and joint liability for the infringement of such works.

We have to drive every day, and the accelerator and these two things are used many times every day. We also know that a car of more than one ton was stopped by friction. From the day we picked up the car, there was a view that it would decay and even lose its strength. Then we can’t help but ask: will it decay? Why does it decay?

Brakes really attenuate.

Attenuation does occur. This phenomenon is called, which means that the disk (or drum) produces high temperature for a long time, which leads to the decrease of force and finally disappears completely. Generally, it appears after heavy load stepping on a long slope or after a long period of intense driving. In the end, it will really lead to the complete disappearance of force, which will have very terrible consequences. But, why is this happening?

First, review the principle.

Before we start, let’s review the working principle of. Here, take the dish type as an example. The drum type is slightly different, but the principle is similar. Brake, which is made of special material, directly rubs against the roughened steel plate to slow down the speed. Friction will produce energy. According to the law of conservation of energy, when the rotation speed of the disk is reduced by friction, energy will inevitably be converted into heat and accumulated on the disk, so it will generate heat. This is the truth.

Why does it decay?

After a brief introduction of the principle, we will analyze why it decays. As mentioned earlier, it will be hot. Because the disk is rotating and there are rims outside, under normal circumstances, the heat generated will be taken away by the re-accelerated rims soon, and the heat generated by itself is not enough to have any impact, so it basically has no impact on performance.

But it will be different for a long time. Whether it is heavy load for a long time or continuous heavy braking. These actions will generate a lot of heat, which can’t be dissipated at all, but can only be accumulated continuously, so that the temperature of the whole plate will be higher and higher. When it reaches a certain level, a physical phenomenon will appear.

From the microscopic point of view, temperature is actually the result of molecular movement. In physics, the higher the temperature, the greater the attraction and repulsion between molecules. The disk itself is made of steel. After the temperature rises sharply, the molecules in the steel structure will generate great attraction and repulsion, which will make the surface of the steel structure expand and tend to be flat. In other words, the rough surface machined on the disk will become smooth at high temperature. When the same force is applied to the disk, the friction against the disk will be reduced. At the same time, because the intermolecular fusion force between the two (the same phenomenon will occur) becomes low, it can not produce enough friction on the disk. Under the combination of the two, the final effect is a sharp drop in force.

How to solve it?

In view of this problem, the mainstream solution is to draw several lines on the disk to help dissipate heat and make the disk useful at high temperature. In addition to scribing, there is another way to drill holes in the disc. These two ways are mainly to increase the heat dissipation of the large market and delay the occurrence time of attenuation, which is what the general family car does at most.

For some higher-performance vehicles, they will add some special materials to the disk, or switch to a larger size disk, which can effectively delay the emergence of the opportunity. Of course, some high-performance cars or super cars, which often go up to 600, will directly use ceramic materials with high density structure, and infiltrate carbon into them to make carbon ceramic disks. Or that disk is made of special metal. At this point, it’s basically the best that civilian cars can do. If you want to completely eliminate it, you can only refer to the Zentraedi technology materials used in high-level racing cars, which are calculated at tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Whether you love your car or are in a hurry to buy a car, it is recommended that you add WeChat official account, a car professor:

gzwcjs

↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑859

On May 19th, the conference of Dietary Guidelines for School-age Children in China (2022) sponsored by China Nutrition Society and China Student Nutrition and Health Promotion Association was held in Beijing. At the meeting, relevant experts interpreted the main contents of the new version of the guide. According to reports, "Dietary Guidelines for School-age Children in China (2022)" is one of the specific population guidelines of "Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2022)", which is based on eight "dietary guidelines" for the general population and revised "Dietary Guidelines for School-age Children in China (2016)" according to the nutrition and health status of school-age children in China.

　　According to Ma Guansheng, vice-chairman of China Nutrition Society and vice-director of the expert committee for revision of dietary guidelines, school-age children refer to minors aged from 6 to under 18. School-age children are in the stage of growth and development, and comprehensive and adequate nutrition is the material guarantee for their normal growth and development, and even their health throughout their lives. School age is the key period to establish healthy beliefs and form healthy eating behaviors, and developing healthy eating behaviors and lifestyles from childhood will benefit them for life. Zhangqian, deputy director of the student nutrition room of the Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that children’s eating behavior is easily influenced by their families during their growth and development. Therefore, parents should pay attention to the education of children’s healthy eating behavior and enhance their sense of health responsibility.

　　The new version of the guide puts forward five "dietary guidelines" for school-age children, namely, actively participating in food selection and production to improve nutritional literacy; Eat breakfast well, choose snacks reasonably, and cultivate healthy eating behavior; Drink milk every day, drink plenty of water, do not drink sugary drinks, and do not drink alcohol; More outdoor activities, less screen time, more than 60 minutes of moderate and high-intensity physical activity every day; Regular monitoring of physical development, to maintain the appropriate weight growth. Compared with the 2016 edition, the new edition emphasizes the improvement of nutrition literacy, the cultivation of healthy eating behavior, and physical monitoring, and puts forward measures and suggestions for families, schools and society to build a healthy food environment.

　　In the new edition of the guide released this time, three "Pagoda of Balanced Diet for School-age Children in China" were added. Compared with China Residents’ Balanced Dietary Pagoda, the dietary pagoda for school-age children pays more attention to accuracy. According to the different nutritional needs of children of different age groups, the pagoda is divided into 6-10 age groups, 11-13 age groups and 14-17 age groups, and the specific dietary requirements are also slightly adjusted according to the changes of age.

　　In terms of salt and oil intake, the 6-10 age group consumes less than 4 grams of salt and 20-25 grams of oil every day; The age groups of 11-13 and 14-17 are all less than 5g of salt and 25-30g of oil every day.

　　The daily water consumption of the three age groups is different, which is 800 ~ 1000ml, 1100 ~ 1300ml and 1200 ~ 1400ml respectively.

　　In addition, the intake requirements of soybeans, nuts, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs, vegetables, fruits, cereals (including whole grains and miscellaneous beans) and potatoes have also been adjusted according to the actual nutritional needs of different age groups.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter

　　Yu Dandan finishing

It is no exaggeration that the mobile phone is dirtier than the toilet.

Whenever we are addicted to playing mobile phones, my mother will jump out and say, "Holding the mobile phone all day long, in fact, the mobile phone is dirtier than the toilet." Or, do you want your eyes? " At this time, most people will think that mom is exaggerating. But in fact, mom’s words are not exaggerated. In a study in 2009, two scientists found that mobile phones have long been a veritable pathogen reservoir because of their contact with face, ears, lips and hands, and the different health conditions of people who use mobile phones. So, the next time you shoot dishes with your mobile phone before eating, think about those microbes and bacteria. So, what are the common bacteria in mobile phones? Let’s take a look together.　

1. Coliform bacteria

Next time, when you can’t get up on the toilet and have diarrhea, think about it. The culprit may be your mobile phone. Microbiologists at the University of Arizona concluded in a study in 2012 that, on average, smartphones carry more bacteria than horse buckets. Some experts said that we should not be surprised. Because generally speaking, there are fewer bacteria in human thighs than in hands and mouth. However, even people who are obsessed with cleanliness tend to clean toilets more often than mobile phones.　

However, it is still difficult to ignore the existence of coliforms. Coliform bacteria always exist in human and animal feces and plant soil. Now, coliforms also exist unabashedly on personal mobile phones. Although a small amount of these bacteria will not make you sick, their existence means that other pathogens are also lurking on the mobile phone.　

2. Escherichia coli

Like most of the bacteria listed in this article, Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria that we are afraid to avoid. However, the truth is that not all strains of Escherichia coli are harmful to human body, and some strains are even beneficial to human digestive tract.　

E. coli usually exists in human intestines, and if it exists in mobile phones, it means there are other pollutants. In addition, there may be an Escherichia coli strain of O157:H7 serotype on the mobile phone. Although their existence is very rare, it is this pathogen that causes the occurrence of food-borne diseases that we hear in movies and local news broadcasts.　

3. Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is another common bacterium, and its harmfulness varies according to different strains. Some strains can cause serious skin diseases such as staphylococcal infection. For example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin sores, and the bacteria are spread through skin contact. Usually this kind of bacteria spreads in hospitals, medical centers and other places, and the use of dirty mobile phones undoubtedly accelerates this process.　

In a study in 2009, Turkish microbiologists found that more than half of the 200 people they tested (52%) had their mobile phones contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus. The mobile phone exposed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reached 38%.

4. Streptococcus

That day, Anderson Cooper read a lot of news on the computer, but the one that shocked him most was that his favorite BlackBerry was confirmed to be positive for Streptococcus faecalis after testing.

Streptococci are mainly divided into type A and type B.. Many of us will encounter Class A bacteria in childhood, which often causes streptococcal laryngitis. At the same time, this kind of bacteria can also cause more serious scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, cellulitis (infection that causes skin swelling) and carnivorous diseases called necrotizing fasciitis. Class B bacteria are also powerful, which may cause pneumonia and urinary tract or skin infections.　

5. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus

Before introducing this bacterium, let’s challenge to read its name quickly five times. Coagulase-negative staphylococci is a kind of antibiotic-resistant bacteria living in human skin and vagina. Although this bacterium is generally less harmful than Staphylococcus aureus, it is a more common cause of blood infection. If you stay in the hospital for a long time and often come into contact with medical equipment, you are likely to be exposed to this bacteria and cause infection. According to the investigation, more than 30% of blood infection cases related to medical care are caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus.　

At the same time, the bacteria also appear on smartphones and other devices. In 2011, a group of scientists from Ghana selected mobile phones from 100 randomly selected students and took samples from the surfaces of these mobile phones. 15% of mobile phones were positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci.　

6. mold

If the tobacco stored around in the refrigerator has not been thrown away, then they must be moldy. However, mold is more than that. From the research of Turkish health care workers, 10% of the tested mobile phones were also found to have mold.　

Mould is sure to spoil the taste of old refrigerators. Although the mold in the refrigerator is not as spectacular as the mold covering the bedroom wall, it can also cause health problems. Exposure to mold may affect the respiratory system, leading to shortness of breath, stuffy nose, fever and lung infection. Although it is not common to cause lung infection.　

7. Yeast

Just as some bacteria in this article are actually beneficial to the health of the digestive system, yeast also has important functions-it can be used to make pizza and beer. We can be sure that the world with yeast is better. But that doesn’t mean you want to soak your mobile phone in yeast.

In the same Turkish study mentioned above, scientists tested yeast in 1.5% mobile phones. Yeast is a fungus that can live anywhere in the body. Yeast infection can cause severe itching of the skin or vagina and cause secretion in the vagina. The good news is that people are unlikely to get infected with yeast through mobile devices unless they do something very strange with their mobile phones.　

8. Clostridium difficile

It can be said that Clostridium difficile is an advanced and scientific "cause of diarrhea". Elderly patients or patients who have been using antibiotics for a long time are particularly vulnerable to this kind of bacteria. At least now you know that in the foreseeable future, the toilet seat you use may be quite clean.

This kind of bacteria often spreads in hospitals. Healthy people are unlikely to be infected with it, but it is a good idea to clean your mobile phone every once in a while. Apple recommends that you don’t use solvents to clean your phone, just wipe it with a soft cloth. Other technical experts will spray isopropanol and distilled water solution on a soft cloth to wipe and clean the mobile phone.

9. Corynebacterium

No, it’s not a microorganism that can make pranks. It is a pathogen. It can cause a potentially fatal disease called diphtheria. Toxins can pollute the throat of infected people, making it difficult for them to breathe. Diphtheria first begins with a cold, and then the patient begins to have a fever and chills. Finally, the patient was induced to have a heart attack.　　

Fortunately, diphtheria vaccine is widely used in developing countries. But in the United States, this disease does not exist to a large extent. This means that the Corynebacterium found on mobile phones by researchers at the University of Oregon in 2014 may not be a toxic variety.　

10. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

As described by a team of microbiologists, this "opportunistic pathogen" can play a role in various environments. It needs little nutrition and can survive in different environments. Traces of this bacterium can be found in hospital medical equipment, receivers, community communication tools and even your conversation equipment. In a study of 400 mobile phones, Nigerian researchers found that these bacteria are one of the most common bacteria lurking in mobile phones.

Different from other bacteria on this list, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has amazing ability to resist anti-infection treatment. These infections usually occur in hospitals, especially in intensive care patients. Sounds like it’s necessary for us to make the intensive care unit a cell phone-free area.　

　　You can search for songs, listen to them at will, and chat with friends. Which software can achieve this function? This is the famous cool dog software. After a period of "silence", the 2008 test version of Kugoo with a brand-new interface and powerful functions was officially released. From the introduction of its official website, this latest version of Cool Dog has added more practical and interesting functions. However, whether it works or not will not be known until it is actually used. Let’s experience it with the author. Click to download Cool Dog 2008

　　I. Software Installation and Login

　　The software is very small, and its installation process is quite simple and rapid. From the initial interface of its installation program, it shows that version 5.100 is installed, which is believed to be a big improvement compared with the previous version 2007 and Cool Dog 3. As shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Software installation

　　After the installation is completed, it can automatically start to the software interface. From the software interface shown in Figure 2, it can be clearly seen that the 2008 version of Cool Dog has changed the previous full-screen operation interface to become exquisite and compact, which can better integrate with the operating system interface.

Figure 2 Software main interface

　　Operating experience: As a fully functional song downloading and playing software, Cool Dog’s small installation files and the same small and exquisite operating interface are commendable. On the software interface, whether it is the local operation window on the left or the web browsing window on the right, the function layout is very simple, which makes it easy for new users to get started.

　　Second, the listening and downloading speed of music

　　This has always been the highlight of this software. The software provides two ways to find songs, one is to search from the search bar at the top of the left operation window, and the other is to search in the right webpage interface. From the actual operation point of view, the software provides rich and rapid buffering speed when playing, and downloads lyrics in real time (the author’s 1.5MB telecom broadband environment can basically reach the download speed of more than 90KB), as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Listening to download songs

　　Operating experience: Cool dog’s music download is more distinctive. The mode of listening while downloading is also a popular function of network audio and video download software at present; The user’s operation has also become extremely simple. Click the searched song name, neither listening nor downloading by mistake.

　　Third, fresh function 1: karaoke function

　　This is a practical function of the 2008 version of Cool Dog, which can meet the needs of people who like K songs. While listening and downloading, the lyrics of the corresponding songs will be displayed at the bottom of the software interface, as shown in Figure 4; If you don’t use this function temporarily, you can turn it off through the "Lyrics" button at the top of the operation interface.

Figure 4 Karaoke lyrics

　　If the karaoke progress of the lyrics is different from the rhythm of the song, you can click the right mouse button in the position of the lyrics, and then select "advance" or "postpone" in the shortcut menu to adjust, as shown in Figure 5. At the same time, it also provides operations such as searching lyrics again and associating lyrics with local songs. Also select the "Options" command and enter the option setting window to set the display effect of karaoke lyrics, such as color and background.

Figure 5 Lyrics Attribute Adjustment

　　Operating experience: It’s nothing new that the playback software has the ability to display lyrics synchronously, but cool dog can add it to the latest version to meet the tastes of different users, which is worthy of recognition. The fly in the ointment is that the default synchronous display ability of lyrics is still a little poor, and the author has piloted three songs respectively, all of which have different degrees of deviation.

　　Fourth, fresh function 2: Fully support local music playback.

　　In Cool Dog 2008, the function of playing local music (supporting all audio formats) has also been added. The operation is also very simple. Music files can be added to the current playlist through the corresponding button or right-click menu in the left operation window (as shown in Figure 6), and local music files can also be added by dragging and dropping them directly into the window (in fact, this function can also be realized in disguised form in previous versions).

Figure 6 Add local music

　　Operating experience: the practicability of this function is quite good, which greatly expands the application scope of this software; Combined with its playlist function, it can manage and play downloaded songs and locally stored songs.

　　V. Fresh Function 3: Network Resource Optimization

　　As a download-related software with Internet, it needs to fully consider many problems such as resource richness, download speed and resource occupation, and Cool Dog 2008 feels good after being used by the author. The first is its small browsing window on the right, which is small but "complete": leaderboards, classified queries and other services are very practical; In addition, in the 2008 version of music custom search, both accuracy and speed have been improved, and the richness of search results is also very good, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7 Custom Song Search

　　Another humanized consideration of the new version of the software is that it can conveniently turn off its own network function; In this way, when users currently have other large network demands, they will not search and download when listening to songs online with Cool Dog, which can effectively save bandwidth. The specific way is to enter the "Options" setting window, and then check "Turn off network function" in the "Network Settings" column, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8 Turn off the network function

　　Operating experience: Cool dog’s network performance has always been good, and the functions of song search, download and classified search are implemented smoothly; The new version of the quick network shutdown function is practical for the application environment with tight network resources.

　　Six, other fresh features

　　In addition to the more intuitive and frequently used function updates described above, the software also embodies its humanized side in many places. For example, by clicking three buttons as shown in Figure 9, functional applications such as playing window switching, software skin/color updating, and synchronizing songs with MP3 player can be realized respectively.

Figure 9 Other fresh functions

　　Of course, in addition, you can actually enter the "Options" setting window of the software, and customize the shortcut keys for software operation, the effect of lyrics display, sound plug-ins, music file association, etc.

　　VII. Summary of Software Trial

　　Cool dog 2008 not only has its unique function of clicking, listening and downloading, but also embodies the humanization in many places. Network shutdown function, MP3 synchronization function, local music playing function, casual listening function, etc., almost make this software omnipotent, and through the brilliant winamp sound plug-in, this latest version can be made more useful.

　　Finally, the functional performance of this software will be compared and explained in a centralized way.

　　Note: the best performance is ★★★★★★